WHAT IS SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN?

System Analysis and Design refers to the process of developing & examining
a process with the intent of improving it through better procedures and
methods.
NEED FOR SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (SAD)
Installing a system without proper planning leads to user dissatisfaction and
frequently leads to system failure and as such SAD is needed for proper
planning in structure, analysis and design of systems.
With system analysis and design, Analysts seek to identify and solve the
right problems.
System analysis and design is used to analyze, design and implements
improvements in the support of users and functioning of businesses.

Role
SCOPE
1. Requirements Determinations
2. Requirements Specifications
3. Feasibility Analysis
4. Final Specifications
5. Hardware Study
6. System Design & Implementation
7. System Evaluation
8. System Modification

GENERAL PROCEDURE
Step 1: REQUIREMENTS DETERMINATION
This is the stage that involves determining the application with the highest
priority among discussed applications is outlined. The Application chosen is
arrived at as a result of consensus among management.

Step 2: REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

Also known as System Requirements Specification (SRS)
This is the understanding of the existing system applications and where a
system is required are listed. The changes required are quantitatively
analyzed and desired outcomes needed from the systems are listed.

Step 3: FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

A feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to its workability.
Impact on the organization, ability to meet user needs, and effective use of
resources. It consists of Technical, Operational, Schedule and Economical.

Step 4: FINAL SPECIFICATIONS

Specifications would state what the system would achieve. Specifications
drawn up are improved for implementation. Finally System Requirement
Specification written is discussed until a consensus is reached.
Step 5: HARDWARE STUDY
The hardware used in project are discussed and analyzed here. Modalities of
frequency of reports are also discussed in this stage
Step 6: SYSTEM DESIGN & Implementation
The design of the system as it is to be implemented in the project is done
here. The requirements are met theoretically here with margins of
uncertainty.

The

relevant

technical

documents

consisting

of

system

modification manuals are also prepared here and the special trainings for
personnel if required in the life cycle of projects are conducted in this cycle.

Step 7: SYSTEM EVALUATION

This stage finds out whether the system meets specified requirements. List
areas of dissatisfaction and find reasons for them.

And finally suggest if

there has to be any improvements to the system.

Step 8: SYSTEM MODIFICATION
This stage involves fixing of minor problems as they are left after the
completion of system design and implementation judged through system
evaluation. New features on which consensus is reached during later stages
might also be added to the system and if need be the less useful features are
removed. System tuning is carried out in this stage along with continuous
monitoring of the system. Assessing the performance of the system.

ROLE OF A SYSTEM ANALYST

1. Perform analysis and design:

He must understand organizations objectives, structure and processes along
with the advantages the project might yield on completion.

2. Approach to problem solving:

The system analysis must have the all-important problem solving attributes.
His job is research and understand the problem at hands thoroughly. Before
further evaluations he must verify if the solving particular problem outweighs
the cost it incurs. He must concisely develop a step by step set of solutions
or alternatives. He must also analyze the solutions to find the best one and
put it forward after recommendation along with other alternatives for
discussion. He must also define why he chose a particular solution over
others. It is his job to see if the desired results are obtained or not.

3. Gather fact
It is the part of his job responsibilities to look for facts and figures in relevant
system descriptions so that it could be put into use in the design phase. He
must be aware of the system limitation of the adjoining systems as well as
the system being worked on to ensure smooth operation.

4. System design
He is responsible for designing the system according to the change changes
proposed. He should have more than one design options while
recommending one design option for further discussion.

5. Evaluating changes
His responsibilities also include to look into the system after the design to
see if the changes and amendments made are in-line with the requirements

and specifications while looking for any anomaly which might affect the
system or its performance.

Conclusion
Effective system design and it`s analysis can save a lot of resources during
the project execution, therefore special emphasis is laid on this step. The
designer should also keep special consideration for HSE issues involved
during the further execution. Consideration must also be given to the fact
that the system is to be interconnected or integrated to the previously
working system. All the risks involved in execution of the project must be
compiled carefully and reported as such in order to avoid any kind of
inconvenience in the later stages.