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BOLTED CONNECTIONS

Types of Bolts:
a. Connection
Bearing type connection (Sliding will occur)
head
T

T
nut
threads

head
Failure
shear plane

T
stem

Allowed only for members with forces in one


direction only

Threads Threads
included excluded
N
X

Slip critical connection (Friction type connection) F


o For members whose forces can reverse in direction (e.g. supports of
moving live loads)
o Sliding is prevented

b. Material (p. 5-39)

A-307 ordinary

A-325

A-490

high strength

HOLE SIZE
washer

Standard
hole

Oversized
hole

Short
slotted

Long
slotted

Bolt diameter = 12 mm
0

Standard

Oversized

14

Short slotted

Long slotted

16
17

A-325- N
A-325-X
A-325-F

17

Fv 145 MPa
Fv 207 MPa

Fv 117 MPa (Standard)

transverse

103 MPa (Oversized)


103 MPa (SSL)
82.7 MPa (LSL - T)
68.9 MPa (LSL - L)

longitudinal

Lup Splice
Additional Failures:
Shear bolt failure (Allowable stress, Table 510-7)
Bearing failure of plate (Allowable bearing stress, Fp)
Fp Art. 510.4.7
1.2Fu
1.0Fu

Le=

edge
dist.

c-c
spcg

L e Fu
1.2Fu
2d b

>3db

Shear single shear


double shear (or multiple)
T
T

2 shear planes

4 shear planes
T

T
T

2
2

Shear Failure

Bearing Failure

A v Shear area

Pp

Pv

A p Bearing area d b t
db

Sample 1:
Determine the maximum force that the splice connection below can carry.
19, A-490-X bolts
PL 12 mm, A-36 steel
T
T
Path 2
70
T

80

80
Path 1

40

70

40

a. Yielding failure

T 0.6Fy A g 0.6 24812 300 10 3 535.68 kN

b. Fracture failure
Path 1: Net width = 300 2 22.2 255.60 mm

40 2
243.40 mm (governs!)
4 80

Path 2: Net width = 300 3 22.2 2

T 0.5Fu A e 0.5 400 243.4 12 10 3 584.16 kN

c. Single bolt capacity


1. Shear

Fv 276 MPa
Fbolt Fv A v 276

2. Bearing

19 2 10 3 78.254 kN (governs!)
4

3m

3m

3m

3m

Fbolt Fp A p 1.2Fu td b 1.2 400 12 19 10 3 109.44 kN

T 78.254 5 bolts 391.27 kN


T 391.27 kN

Sample 2:

4m
A

2
500 kN

Joint A

Gusset plate
W12 87
W12 53
T

Design the connection using A-50 steel and A-325 F bolts.


Compression member
C = 312.5 kN

W12 87 : b f 307.98 mm; t f 20.57 mm

Assume gusset plate t = 28 mm.


Bolt capacity
Use 22 mm bolts std. holes
1. Shear
Fv 117 MPa
Fbolt 117

22 2 10 3 44.476 kN
4

2. Bearing

Fbolt Fp A p 1.2Fu td b 1.2 248 20.57 22 10 3 243.29 kN

n=

C
312.5

7.03 bolts
Fbolt
44.476

Use 8 bolts, 2 bolts

2 rows

2 flanges

Tension member
T = 187.5 kN
W12 53: b f 253.87 mm; t f 14.61 mm
a. Shear

Fv 117 MPa
Fbolts 117

22 2 10 3 44.473 kN
4

b. Bearing

Fbolts 1.2 44814.61 22 10 3 172.80 kN


187.5
n
4.2158 bolts
44.476
Use 8 bolts

Combined Stresses
Tension and shear
Initial bolt tension
Turn of the nut method
- from snug-fit
- additional turns from the AISC table
bolt diameter
bolt length
bolt type (A-325, A-490)

12 mm A-36

T
P
V

510.3 Welds
510.4 Bolts
510.4.5 Bearing type Ft (Table 510-8)

fA
510.4.6 Slip critical Fv = Fv 1 t b
Tb

Fv (Table 510-7)
T
ft 1
Ab

If P = 800 kN, determine the number of 25 mm , A-325 X bolts.


T = 640 kN
V = 480 kN
Assume n = 4(2) = 8 bolts
(n = 6 bolts)
Ft

3032 2.15f v2

f v actual shear stress

V
480 103 N

122.23 MPa(162.97 MPa)


A b 8 25 2 mm 2
4

Ft 244.31 MPa(186.29 MPa)


ft

640 103
162.97 MPa Ft (Ok!)

2
8 25
4
(217.29 MPa Ft Fail )

Use 25 mm , A-490 F bolts (Oversized)


Try n = 12 bolts (n = 10 bolts)
T = 640 kN, V = 480 kN
Fv = 124 MPa
f t actual tensile stress

T
640 103

108.65 MPa
nA b 12 25 2
4

Tb bolt pretension (Table 510 12)


284 kN

T
Fv ' Fv 1 1
Tb

fv

T
Fv 1
nTb

640
124 1
100.71 MPa (96.056 MPa)
12 284

480 10 3
81.487 MPa Fv (OK!)

2
12 25
4

(97.785 MPa > Fv [Fail])


w = 80

Coped beam

Clip angles
Stringer

Girder

L = 10 m

Block Shear Failure


V

19 mm
A-325X

Block

5
Double shear

wL
400 kN
2
Double shear

Based on shear
nFbolt = nA b 2Fv

19 2 n 2 207 10 3
4
n 3.4 say 4 bolts
400

(70)
70

200
(65)
25

Av
30 (40) > 1.5db

A-50

60 (70) > 3db


60 (70)
60 (70)

L 1001006
(L 1251256)

30(40)

22.2
A
2
A v 30
3 60t 22.2 6 793.8 mm
2

22.2

2
A t 25
6 83.4 mm
2

Cap 0.3Fu A v 0.5Fu A t

0.3 448 793.8 0.5 448 83.4 10 3


125.37 kN 200 (Fail!)

22.2
2
A v 40
3 70 22.2 6 1033.8 mm
2

22.2

2
A t 65
6 323.4 mm
2

Cap 0.3Fu A v 0.5Fu A t

0.3 4481033.8 0.5 448 323.4 10 3


211 kN 200 (OK!)

Hangers
30
178.82

9 bolts

9 bolts

19 mm A-325N

WT 1231

P = 500 kN

Prying
bf
N

M 0
P

X1 X2

X1 X 2 TXP2

178.82
30 59.41 mm
2
X 2 30 mm
X1

178.82
P(X1 X 2 ) 500
2 745.16 kN

2X 2
2 30

Ft 303 MPa
Fbolt Ft A b
745.16 103
n
8.67 bolts 2

2
303 19
4
Use n 9 bolts 2
Eccentric Bolted Connections
350
70

70

P
T=P

P = 100 kN

A-325X

P
Bracket
critical

Tp

J
J

fy '

fb
2

dA 2 A b

Ab

fb

Ab r2
b

"

fby f

"

Py

ey

fy

P
h

h
h
f

by
Tr
r 2
b
Ty
cos

fb

Px

fb

fb

critical

Py

f
r

Tx
r

sin bx

center of rotation

fbx

fx

P
y
x e

'

'

"

"

Px
n
Py

n
Ty

Tx

ex
T

' f
' f
2
x

x
y

"
"

2
y

n 4 bolts

critical

2 70 70 4 75

J r 2 x 2 y2
2

75

42100 mm 2
Px 0, Py 100 kN

75

T Pe 100 350 35000 kN m

70

70

fx ' 0
100
25 kN
4
35000 75
fx"
62.352 kN
42100
35000 70
fy"
58.195 kN
42100
fy '

bolt

62.352

f
Ab

Fv ; Fv

Req' d A b

Req' d d b

f
Fv

25

58.195

103.97

207 kN

103.97 10 3
207

502.27 mm

4
502.27 25.29 mm

Use 28 mm bolts

Quiz # 5

Check the bolts at joint A and B.

5.37
4.23
AC
BC 0
6.2873
4.3608
3.27
1.06
AC
BC 200
6.2873
4.3608
AC 272.43 kN T
BC 239.88 kN C

Joint A:

2
nA b 6 12 678.58 mm 2
4
232.68 103
5.37
T 272.43
342.89 MPa
232.68 kN f t
678.58
6.2873
141.69 10 3
3.27
V 272.43

141.69
kN

208.80 MPa

v
678.58
6.2873

fA
Fv ' Fv 1 t b
Tb

342.89

117 1
0 fail!
53.3

Joint B:

10


2
nA b 4 16 804.25 mm 2
4

1.06
V 239.88
58.309 kN
4.3608
58.309 103
72.501 MPa
804.25
Fv 193MPa f v safe!

fv

58.309 103
52.755 MPa
416 17.27
Fp 1.2Fu 1.2 400 480 MPa f p safe!

fp

11

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