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Latent
errors:
a are rarely made by front-line operators, and are consequently readily identifi
ed and detected by the
monitoring, detection and warning links
b have been present in the system for a certain lenght of time and are difficult
to understand
as a result of the time lag between the generation and the occurence of the erro
r
c are mainly associated with the behaviour of front-line operators and are only
detected after advanced
problem-solving
d rapidly may be detected via their immediate consequences on the action in prog
ress
657
id 2137
A system is all the more reliable if it offers good detectability. The latter is
the result
of: -1 : tolerance of the various systems to errors. -2 : the sum of the automat
ic
monitoring, detection and warning facilities. -3 : the reliability of the Man-Ma
n and
Man-Machine links. -4 : the alerting capability of the Man-Machine interface. Th
e
combination of correct statements is:
a 1, 2 and 4
b 2 and 4
c 1 and 3
d 3 and 4
658
id 2139
When can a system be said to be tolerant to error? When:
a latent errors do not entail serious consequences for safety
b its safety system is too permeable to error
c its safety system has taken account of all statistically probable errors
d the consequences of an error will not seriously jeopardise safety
659
id 2140
Once detected, an error will result in cognitive consequences which:
a are prompted by inductive factors
b destabilize cognitive progress and maintain the error
c make it possible to modify behaviour with a view to adaptation
d have virtually no interaction with behaviour
660
id 2145
What means can be used to combat human error? -1 : Reducing error-prone
mechanisms. -2 : Improving the way in which error is taken into account in
training. -3 : Sanctions against the initiators of error. -4 : Improving recover
y from
errors and its consequences. The combination of correct statements is:
a 1 and 2
b 3 and 4
c 1, 2 and 4
d 2, 3 and 4
661
id 2158
Human behaviour is determined by:
a biological characteristics, social environment and cultural influences
b biological characteristics
c the social environment
d cultural influences
662
40.3. Basic aviation psychology 2002/12/22 Page 100 of 139
id 3098
The level of automation of behaviour-patterns facilitates the saving of resource
s
and therefore of attention. On the other hand, it may result in :
a decision-making errors
b mistakes
c routine errors (slips)
d errors in selecting an appropriate plan of action
663
id 3140
What happens in problem-solving when the application of a rule allows for the
situation to be resolved ?
a A second monitoring rule must be applied
b A switch is made to knowledge mode in order to refine the results
c A switch is made to knowledge- based mode in order to continue monitoring of t
he problem
d Actions return to an automatic mode
664
id 3141
In problem-solving, what determines the transition from rules-based activities t
o a
knowledge-based activity ?
a Attentional capture
b The unsuitability of the known rules for the problem posed
c Knowledge of rules which apply to the problem posed
d The unsuitability of the automated actions
665
id 3143
Which of the following errors occur at rules-based level ? 1.Omission 2.The
application of a poor rule 3. Attentional capture 4. The poor application of a g
ood
rule
a 1,3
b 1,2
c 3,4
d 2,4
666
id 3145
The descriptive aspect of errors according to Hollnagel's model describes variou
s
directly observable types of erroneous actions which are : 1. Repetition and
omission 2. The forward leap and the backward leap 3. Intrusion and anticipation
4.
Intrusion
a 1,2,4
b 1,3
c 2,4
d 1,2,3
667
id 6333
Which of the following is a typical "error of commission"?
a Forgetting to read climb checklist
b Deliberate violation of the 250 kts rule below FL 100
c Taxiing out to a wrong runway
d Jerky attitude flying due to lack of sleep
668
40.3. Basic aviation psychology 2002/12/22 Page 101 of 139