Activities and Strategies of EnBW in the

Biomass Sector
Aktivitten und Strategien von EnBW
im Bereich Biomasse

VGB Conference Biomass, Altbach March 31, 2009

Dr. Gerold Gttlicher
EnBW AG
Research and Innovation
Energie
braucht Impulse

EnBW Energie Baden-Wrttemberg AG

Nuclear Power

28% of provision
4,846 MW

Conventional
14% of provision
6.585 MW

Hydropower
3.472 MW

Other Renewables
97 MW

Unknown source: 38%

All renewables: 20% of provision

Electricty: total capacity: 15.000 MW, total sales: 130.5

TWh
Electricity Grids 380kV 0,4 kV, Gas Grids (incl. liq. gas
storage)
District heat , Waste incineration, Contracting
Employees of EnBW group: ~20.0000
2

31.12.2008

Electricity Mix of EnBW 2007

EnBW NaturEnergie

Mix
EnBW VSG

German mix
(Source: BDEW)

Renewables

100 %

21,4 %

15 %

Nuclear

0%

46,5 %

24,3 %

Fossil and others

0%

32,1 %

60,7 %

Radioactive waste
CO2-Emissions

0,0000 g/kWh
0 g/kWh

0,0013 g/kWh
258 g/kWh

0,0007 g/kWh
541 g/kWh

Source: www.enbw.com
3

http://www.enbw.com/content/de/der_konzern/enbw/neue_ge
setzgebung/stromkennzeichnung/index.jsp

Geothermal

PV

Straw

Wind

0,3%

Solid biomass
19%

0,0%

Biogas
25%

}
techn. Potential:
8% of elctricity
consumption

10%

Hydro
73%

5
10
15
20
TWh/a

Electricity consumption Ba-W 2005: app. 82

TWh/a
16%

0,0%
Future

Reihe4
already used
Technical Potential

25
30
35
40

Quellen: mndl. Information Krieglstein MLR BW, BGW 2006, Deines, Krieglstein 2004, Leible et. ITAS/FZK
2005, Paschen, Oertel, Grnwald, 2003: Mglichkeiten geothermischer Stromerzeugung in Deutschland,
Nitsch et al., 2002: Struktur und Entwicklung der zuknftigen Stromversorgung Baden-Wrttembergs, eigene
Auswertung bestehender Anlagen in Baden-Wrttemberg

30% in
2020 ?

Total

20% in 2020

Potential of Renewable Electricity in Baden-Wrttemberg

Strom aus Erneuerbaren Energien in Baden-Wrttemberg

Relevance of Individual Renewables in EnBW

Hydro Power:

traditionally most important, some retrofitting

63 running river, 12 pump storage, 3.472 MW

Wind:

largest mid-term potential

On-shore 80 MW (end 2009)
Off-shore planned for 2010 to 2014:
1.188 MW / 4,3TWh in Baltic/North sea

Rheinfelden 100MW

Kriegers Flak
(51 x 3,6 MW,
29 x 5,0 MW)
Startup 2011
possible

Distance to coast:

Baltic 1

Baltic 1 16 km

21 x 2,5 MW
Startup 2009/ 10
possible

Kriegers
Flak
32 km
Waterdepth:
Baltic 1 - 18 m
Kriegers
Flak 30 m

Biomass:

limited potential,
concentration on regionally applications
45 MW el, 120 MW heat, approx. 350.000 t
wood/a

Solar energy:

EnBW gives support to communal initiatives

with the projects Brger Aktiv and Solar
Service

Geothermal power: presently R&D,

high long term potential expected
5
Projects: Soultz au Foret, Bruchsal, Basel

Requirements on Bioenergy

Economic operation
Security of supply
Security of operation / proven technology
CHP
Contribution to CO2-reduction
limited regional potential of bioenergy

Biomasse-References of EnBW (with subsidiaries)

7 CHP, 10 Heating: 45 MW el, 120 MW heat, approx. 350.000 t Wood/a

Fresh wood

Waste wood

Stadtwerke Dsseldorf
Wood gasifier, 270 kWel

CHP KNT Wismar (saw mill)

5 MWel, 21 MWth, waste wood

CHP Klenk Oberrot

(saw mill)
7,5 MWel, bark

Stadtwerke Dsseldorf
CHP Garath, 3,5MWel, 10MWth
waste/forest wood

CHP Leonberg
0,5 MWel, 2,5 MWth,
landscaping residues

Wood preparation and

logistic center
EnBW Biomasse GmbH
Capacity: 230.000 t/a
Waste wood

Heating plant
Baden-Baden
3,2 MWth, forest wood
Heating plant Mhlheim
3 MWth, forest wood

CHP Pforzheim (EnBW 30%)

10 MWel, 40 MWth, waste wood

Biogas
CHP Ulm (EnBW 50%)
9,6 MWel, 48 MWth,
waste/forest wood, IBN 2004

Leonberg
Biogas-MCFC; 240 kW
Biogas-Upgrading Laupheim
600m/h, 2,5 MW Gas HHV
Landfill Gas Motors
EnBW
4,9 MWel

Coal power plant Heilbronn

Sewage sludge
co-combustion

CHP Baienfurt
(Paper industry) 15 MWth,
Bark/waste wood

Bioenergy Paths:
Bioenergy from Waste Wood
Security of supply:

Own waste wood supply and preparation

EnBW Biomasse GmbH, 230.000 t/a

Best wood utilization and economy:

Separation for material use

and energetic use

More flexibility

Energetic use

Material
use

Sustainability: use of waste

Examples:
District heat (EnBW-shares):
CHP-Ulm 9,6MWe
CHP-Pforzheim 10MWe
Industrial heat:
CHP-Wismar: 5MWe, saw mill
CHP-Baienfurt: 15 MWth

Bilder: EnBW

Bioenergy Paths:
Security of Supply from Partnerships
Combination of secure supply and heat sink:
Joint Venture with Sawmill Klenk Holz AG
EnBW Klenk Holzenergie GmbH

Annual cut 3,5 Mio FM (~ solid m)

Saw mill residues to power plant heat to wood dryers
In addition partnership with forestry and forestry service provider
Biomass CHP Oberrot

7,5 MWel, 40 MW heat, 4 boilers (480C, 26 bar)

Sustainability: sawmill residues give low problems

Regional wood: not more trees are cut than are grown
Other example: 5MWe-CHP Wismar at saw mill Klausner Nordic Timber

9
Bilder: EnBW

Bioenergy Paths:
Regionally Connected Bioenergy
Communal heating plants (220 3200 kW), few CHP plants
Typically: heating of schools, town halls

Limited biomass amounts and power

local biomass sourcing
(forest residues, landscaping residues)

300 to 5000 t/a

Sustainability:
small amounts give room for sustainable supply

regional supply secures partnerships, sustainability and

economy for both sides

10

Bioenergy Paths:
Biogas Feed-in Laupheim/Burgrieden
Optimized Heat Utilization through Gas Grid biogas motor near heat sink
Additional upgrading costs (> +1,5 ct/kWh HHV)
21 Farmers own and operate the biogas plant with energy crops
EnBW buys the raw biogas and upgrades to gas grid

Biogas: 600 Nm/h; 3,5 MW Gas HHV, Pressure Swing Adsorption

Start-up March 2008
Biogas from Agriculture

EnBW: Biogas Upgrading

Gas Grid

11
Bilder: EnBW

Bioenergy Paths: Future

Wood gasification CHP, Stadtwerke Dsseldorf

Small wood gasification + motor

Fuel:
Power:

2000-3000 t/a wood chips

~1000kW fuel
410 kW th, 270 kW el

Tests since 2006

Minor problems in fuel cleaning / condensate

Bild: Stadtwerke Dsseldorf

12

Bioenergy Paths:
Co-firing of Sewage sludge with hard coal

Block 7 Heilbronn (720 MWe, 340MW district heat, 545C/190 bar):

Sewage sludge co-firing since 1998
Dry: mixed to coal bunker, wet: pumped to coal mill
Max. 5% wt, max. 70.000 t dry mass/a

10.000-15.000 t/a direct dry (10% H2O) firing

40.000 50.000 t/a direct wet (60%-70% H2O) firing
additionally in preparation: 20.000 t/a drying +co-firing

No influence on emissions

Delivery of dry sludge, 100m

silo
conveyor to coal bunker
13

Bild: EnBW

Delivery of mechanically
dehydrated sludge, 250m
silo

Slurry pump 150m to coal mill

Bilder: EnBW

Develop New, Unused Biomass Potentials

New Technologies, Logistics, Costs

Combustion:

Solid residues are utilitzed already

Forest residues, landscaping residues potentials
Short rotation crops: regionally not applicable, lots too small
Agricultural residues: straw

Technology: higher efficiency, gasification

Biogas from residues:

14

food industry, agriculture, sewage slude

Bilder: FNR

Large technical potential:

Biomass Co-Firing with Coal

Temperature
[C]

5,0 wt.-% Pellets

(Burne level 1

high efficiency,
low additional investment,
with CHP highest CO2-reduction
Southwest-Germany: 4 big coal power plants,
10% co-firing theoretically 270 MWe
(Existing wood CHP:~100MWe stand-alone)
75% of 1 Mio t/a free straw potential (corrosion!)

Base Case (100% coal)

Biomass-Co-firing:

Last air

Burner level 3

15

700
600

FE

800

Burner lev. 3

900

Last air stage

1000
Burner lev. 2

Burner level 1

Burner lev. 1

Burner level 2

NO [mg/Nm3]

Evaluation for Altbach-HKW II:

Layout planning for 2%wt, 5%wt pellets or chips
Cost estimates for storage and conveying
Max. capacity of mills: 2% fresh wood chips, 5%-10% pellets
Higher capacity needs investment for milling and burners
Combustion simulations, max. 5%wt wood:
almost no effect on combustion temperature, O2 and NOx
Limitations: burnout and CO-emissions require wood firing
at burner level 1 or below
New ash certification required

Base Case

500
400
300
200

5,0 wt.-% Pellets

100
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Boiler elevation [m]

45

50

55

60

65

Economy of Biomass Co-firing

Compensation of higher biomass price compared to coal:

CO2-certificates > 45 to 85 /t CO2
EEX-17.3.2009: 12,21/t CO2
Change of coal/wood/CO2prices?

EEX-CO2

Straw?

-2

10

20

30
40
50
60
70
CO2-Certificates in /t CO2

5% wt. Pellets (3% energy)

20% wt. chips (7% energy)

5%wt.

2%wt.

Wood chips
3,8 /GJ
above coal

80

Political support?
Fuel availability:
- limited by competition to
existing plants
(avoiding reduction of other
bioenergy use)

20%wt.

(add. Invest. in mills, burners)

-1

16

Wood pellets
7,9 /GJ above coal

20%wt.

Additonal price of biomass in /GJ

90

100

20% wt. Pellets (11% energy)

2% wt. chips (0,7% energy)

- unused potential like straw?

- only temporary co-firing of
excess charges?

Alternative solutions in bioenergy?

Imports: no plans

Difficult sustainability
Idea as temporary price cap
EnBW CDM-DEMO Jatropha Madagascar :

Demonstration started with 3.000 ha degraded lands

Jatropha-fruits for production of oil and diesel
No export / import planned local use for CDM
EnBW-R&D-Cultivation of micro algae with Flue Gas

Field test in Eutingen with high efficient flat panel airlift

Biomass yield of algae ten times more than other plants
achieve positive energy and CO2-balances in 3-5 years
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Bild: Subitec GmbH

Summary

Inhomogeneous variety of bioenergy applications

Main criteria: economy, fuel

security, CHP, regional connection

Sustainability not yet a problem due to use of wastes and regional biomass
Limited contribution of bioenergy also in increase of renewables
Technical potential in co-firing, but not economic

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Dr.-Ing. Gerold Gttlicher

EnBW Energie Baden-Wrttemberg
Research and Innovation
g.goettlicher@enbw.com
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