Professional Documents
Culture Documents
WITH ACRYLICS
- selected experiments
Ladislav Reinprecht
Natural
- beeswax, Montana wax, paraffin wax, colophony, mastic,
dammar, shellac, bone glue, drying vegetable oils, sucrose, etc.
Synthetic
- acrylics, unsaturated polyesters, epoxides, aminoplasts,
phenoplasts, polyurethanes, polyethylene-glycols, etc.
(e.g. swelling or shrinkage of wood during their penetration into wood, or during their hardening in wood)
Synthetic substances
- Advantages
Availability
Reasonable price
Stability (composition, polymerization degree, properties),
Possibility to prepare special polymers (according to the specific
needs of conservator)
Disadvantage:
Acrylics - polyacrylates
Preparation
Application forms
Acrylics - polyacrylates
(several weeks even months), which can sometimes cause the backwards
migration of acrylic polymer to the wood surface.
Acrylics polyacrylates
- Selected experiments
Technical University of Zvolen, Slovakia
Acrylics polyacrylates
Wood species
Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.)
15
50
25
Paraloid B-72
ethylmethacrylate)
transparent granules, soluble in toluene, acetone and some other organic solvents
filing of lumina and creation of films on S3 surfaces of wood cell walls
Modification of wood
1)
2)
3)
BEECH WOOD
SPRUCE WOOD
MODIFICATION
METHODS
Paraloid B-72 was applied
drying
IMPREGNATION
0,8MPa, 180 min, 20 C
PARALOID
TCMTB
R1
RTCMTB
RPARALOID
TCMTB
1) separately
2) together with the TCMTB
fungicide (Busan 1160)
a)
b)
weighting
mixture
stabilisation
IMPREGNATION
0,8MPa, 180 min, 20 C
PARALOID
weighting, stabilisation
drying
R2
RPARALOID
Mycological test
BEECH WOOD
Coniophora puteana
Gloeophyllum trabeum
40
30
20
10
D0.1 and 2
D0.1 and 10
D0.33 and 2
D0.33 and 10
M 0.1 + 2
M 0.1 + 10
M 0.33 + 2
M 0.33 + 10
N
P2
P10
T0.1
T0.33
D0.1 and 2
D0.1 and 10
D0.33 and 2
D0.33 and 10
M 0.1 + 2
M 0.1 + 10
M 0.33 + 2
M 0.33 + 10
N
0
P2
P10
T0.1
T0.33
mF [%]
Mycological test
SPRUCE WOOD
Coniophora puteana
Gloeophyllum trabeum
40
1.96*Std. Err.
1.00*Std. Err.
30
Mean
20
10
D0.1 and 2
D0.1 and 10
D0.33 and 2
D0.33 and 10
M 0.1 + 2
M 0.1 + 10
M 0.33 + 2
M 0.33 + 10
N
P2
P10
T0.1
T0.33
D0.1 and 2
D0.1 and 10
D0.33 and 2
D0.33 and 10
M 0.1 + 2
M 0.1 + 10
M 0.33 + 2
M 0.33 + 10
N
0
P2
P10
T0.1
T0.33
mF [%]
Conclusions
Polyacrylate (Paraloid B-72) do not increased
resistance of wood against brown-rot fungi.
Hypothesis: The fungi (C. puteana, G. trabeum) and their enzymes were able to penetrate
through the polyacrylate film on the S3 surface of wood cell walls.
Acrylics polyacrylates
Solakryl BT 55
(polybutylmethacrylate)
Conservation method
Solution:
27.5 % toluene solution of Solakryl BT 55
Moisture of wood: w ~ 8 %
Impregnation: p = 0.8 MPa, t = 20 C, = 3 hours
Compression II
Brinell hardness
160
140
120
[%] 100
80
160
140
[%] 120
100
80
450
400
[%] 350
300
250
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
200
150
100
50
0
-50
MF - resin
Solakryl
BT 55
PEG 1000
MF - resin
Solakryl
BT 55
PEG 1000
MF - resin
Solakryl
BT 55
PEG 1000
Conclusions No 1
Solakryl BT 55,
R-[CH2-C(CH3)-COOC4H9]n -X
had a slightly positive effect on the mechanical
properties of biodamaged spruce wood:
- modulus of elasticity,
- compression strength parallel to grain,
- hardness.
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
Loss of mass -
15
m [%]
20
25
Conclusions No 2
Solakryl BT 55,
R-[CH2-C(CH3)-COOC4H9]n -X
slightly increased the MOE of spruce wood
intentionally damaged by the brown-rot fungus
Coniophora puteana.
Acrylics polyacrylates
Wood species
Larch wood (Larix decidua Mill.)
Spruce wood (Picea abies /L./ Karst.)
Acrylic coatings
Tikkurila OY Finland
Valtti Colour Card
1) Basic layer
2) 2 x Surface layers
Natural ageing
1) One year exposition in exterior under 90
2) One year exposition in interior
Evaluation
I.) Microscopic analyses REM
(MINOLTA CM2600d)
Microscopic analyses
Microscopic analyses
Microscopic analyses
THICKNESS OF THE
COATING
AFTER
1-YEAR AGEING
[m]
Mean value
T2(3151)
T3(3147)
T4(Interior)
95,53
94,83
87,24
129,10
Standard deviation
7,46
5,67
9,05
9,03
Minimal value
86,29
86,26
75,09
104,5
Maximal value
108,1
103,8
100,1
141,3
10
12
10
13
7,81
5,98
10,37
Object Count
Coefficient of variation
[%]
Colour analyses
0
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
DIF_T2
AVG_DIF_T2
DIF_T3
AVG_DIF_T3
DIF_T4
AVG_DIF_T4
750
Conclusions
Acrylic paints partly penetrated into tracheids of early
wood of coniferous.
Quality of the aged paints valued by their:
- microscopic structure (bubbles, cracks),
- thickness decreases,
- colour changes,
Acrylics polyacrylates
Two icons
Lime tree (Tillia sp.)
Polychromy
Length: 620 or 670 mm
Weight: 2 873 or 2 608 g
Damaged by insect galleries
(Anobium punctatum)
and brown-rot
Solakryl BT 55
Conservation method
(polybutylmethacrylate)
Conditioning: = 45 days, t = 20 2 C, = 50 3 %
Retention m (%)
of 22.5 % Solakryl BT 55
into icons
_________________________________________________
1. icon
2. icon
Impregnation:
1 = 15 min
2 = 30 min
3 = 45 min
107.3
133.7
141.0
125.3
137.8
144.3
Conditioning:
15 days
45 days
66.0
36.6
43.6
34.0
Theoretical solids
31.7
32.5
Microscopic analyses
The polyacrylate integrated the wooden spilling dust inside the corridors and prevented it
from falling out, and partially also strengthened the cells damaged with rot.
Conclusions
Polyacrylate (Solakryl BT 55) integrated and
partly strengthened the bio-damaged sculptures
from lime tree.
Evaporation of toluene from conserved sculptures
is a long process it can last 2 months.
References to experiments
Ladislav Reinprecht:
CONSERVATION OF WOOD WITH ACRYLICS - selected experiments