AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD

Explanation: "Emphasis is on the acquisition of patterns in common everyday dialogue."

Based on Skinner's Behaviorism theory, it assumed that a human being can be trained using
a system of reinforcement.
Depends on stimulus Response- reinforcement and controlled practice.
OBSERVATIONS
Teacher introduces a dialogue.
Teacher uses pictures, actions are used to give the meaning.
Students repeat the dialogue many times as possible.
PRINCIPLES
It is a process of habit formation + repetition = stronger
Habit+ greater learning.
CHARACTERISTICS
New vocabulary and structural patterns are presented through dialogues (imitation and repetition
drills.)Grammar is needed from examples. Cultural info is contextualized. Reading and Writing are
based upon oral work.
Some characteristics of this method are:
Drills are used to teach structural patterns
Set phrases are memorised with a focus on intonation
Grammatical explanations are kept to a minimum
Vocabulary is taught in context
Audio- visual aids are used
Focus is on pronunciation
Correct responses are positively reinforced immediately
This extensive memorization, repetition and over-learning of patterns was the key to the method's
success, as students could often see immediate results, but it was also its weakness.
TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE TPR
It is a language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action.
A method of teaching language using physical movement.
To react to verbal input in order to reduce students inhabitations and lower their affective filter
(stress)
KINESTHETIC METHOD
Definition: kinesthetic learning refers to one of the modalities that all learners use in order to
approach and absorb new information. Every individual student has his or her own
preferred learning style, and many people (children and adults) learn best when they are allowed
to touch and physically manipulate tools that model or represent the lesson at hand. Kinesthetic
learners assimilate new knowledge more efficiently through physical work (playing
with manipulatives, building dioramas, working with scale models, or role-playing a situation) as
opposed to simply hearing or seeing a lesson.

Method

Focus

Characteristics

Grammar
Translation

Written literary texts

Translate from English into

your native language

Direct Method (also

called Natural
Method)

Everyday spoken
language

Student learns by associating

meaning directly in English

Audio-Lingual
Method

Sentence and sound

patterns

Listening and speaking drills

and pattern practice only in
English

Cognitive Code
Approach

Grammar rules

English grammar rules

deduced and then understood
in context

Humanistic Approaches - 4 popular examples:

- The Silent Way

Student interaction
rather than teacher

Teacher is silent to allow

student awareness of how
English works

- Suggestopedia

Meaningful texts and

vocabulary

Relaxed atmosphere, with

music; encourages
subliminal learning of
English

- Community Language
Learning

Student interaction

Understanding of English
through active student
interaction

- Comprehension
Approach (Natural
Approach, the
Learnables, and Total
Physical Response)

Listening
comprehension

English speaking
delayed until students are
ready; meaning clarified
through actions and
visuals

Communicative
Language Teaching

Interaction, authentic
communication and
negotiating meaning

Understanding of English
through active student
interaction; role play,
games, information gaps

Content-based, Taskbased, and

Participatory

What is being
communicated, not
structure of English

Content based on
relevance to students'
lives: topics, tasks,

Approaches
Learning Strategy
Training, Cooperative
Learning, and Multiple
Intelligences

problem-solving
How to learn

Teach learning strategies,

cooperation; activities
vary according to
different intelligences