Manuel A.

Odra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Manuel Apolinario Odra Amoretti

79th President of Peru

In office
October 27, 1948 June 1, 1950

Preceded by

Jos Bustamante

Succeeded by

Zenn Noriega

81st President of Peru

In office
July 28, 1950 July 28, 1956

Preceded by

Zenn Noriega

Succeeded by

Manuel Prado

Personal details

Born

November 26, 1896

Died

February 18, 1974 (aged 76)

Nationality

Peruvian

Political party

Unin Nacional Odriista

Profession

Army General

Manuel Arturo Odra Amoretti (November 26, 1896 February 18, 1974) was
the President of Peru from 1948 to 1956, essentially ruling as a military dictator.
Manuel Odra was born in 1896 in Tarma, a city in the central Andes just east of Lima. He
graduated first in his class from the Chorillos Military Academy in 1915. He joined the army and
as a Lieutenant Colonel was a war hero in the 1941Ecuadorian-Peruvian war. He soon
achieved the rank of Major General.
In 1945, Jos Bustamante had attained the presidency with the help of the American Popular
Revolutionary Alliance(APRA). Soon, major disagreements arose between Vctor Ral Haya
de la Torre, the founder of APRA, and President Bustamante. The President disbanded his
Aprista cabinet and replaced it with a mostly military one. Odra, a fierce opponent of APRA,
was appointed Minister of Government and Police. In 1948, Odra and other rightwing elements urged Bustamante to ban APRA. When the President refused, Odra resigned
his post. On October 27, 1948, he led a successful military coup against the government and
took over as president. After two years, he resigned and had one of his colleagues, Zenn
Noriega, take office as a puppet president so he could run for president as a civilian. He was
duly elected a month later as the only candidate.
Odra came down hard on APRA, momentarily pleasing the oligarchy and all others on the
right. Like Juan Pern, he followed a populist course that won him great favor with the poor
and lower classes. A thriving economy allowed him to indulge in expensive but crowd-pleasing
social policies. At the same time, however, civil rightsin the nation were severely restricted
and corruption was rampant throughout his rgime. People feared that his dictatorship would
run indefinitely; they were surprised when Odra legalized opposition parties in 1956 and called
fresh elections. He did not run for office. He was succeeded by a former president, Manuel
Prado.
when national elections were held again in 1962, Odra ran as a right-wing candidate for
the Unin Nacional Odriistaparty. None of the three major candidates - Odra, Haya de la Torre
and Fernando Belande - received the required one third of the vote to win with a plurality. It
appeared that Odra would win the Presidency in Congress, after having made a deal
with Haya de la Torre, but a military coup removed President Prado from office a few days
before his term ended. Elections were held again in 1963, with the same three major
candidates. This time Belande won with 39% of the vote.[1]
During the Belande administration, Odra made an alliance with Haya de la Torre to create a
single opposition block in Parliament, which became known as the APRA-UNO Coalition. As a
political force, they managed to create strong parliamentary opposition to President Belande,
who was forced to make important concessions to the Coalition in order to get most of his
party-sponsored legislation enacted. The Coalition suffered a setback after losing the elections
for mayor in the capital, Lima.

After the military coup that overthrew Belande in 19xx, Odra kept a low profile in Peruvian
politics until his death in 1974.
Outside Sources: Enrique Odra Sotomayor

Manuel A. Odra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Manuel Apolinario Odra Amoretti

79th President of Peru

In office
October 27, 1948 June 1, 1950

Preceded by

Jos Bustamante

Succeeded by

Zenn Noriega

81st President of Peru

In office
July 28, 1950 July 28, 1956

Preceded by

Zenn Noriega

Succeeded by

Manuel Prado

Personal details

Born

November 26, 1896

Died

February 18, 1974 (aged 76)

Nationality

Peruvian

Political party

Unin Nacional Odriista

Profession

Army General

Manuel Arturo Odra Amoretti (November 26, 1896 February 18, 1974) was
the President of Peru from 1948 to 1956, essentially ruling as a military dictator.
Manuel Odra was born in 1896 in Tarma, a city in the central Andes just east of Lima. He
graduated first in his class from the Chorillos Military Academy in 1915. He joined the army and
as a Lieutenant Colonel was a war hero in the 1941Ecuadorian-Peruvian war. He soon
achieved the rank of Major General.
In 1945, Jos Bustamante had attained the presidency with the help of the American Popular
Revolutionary Alliance(APRA). Soon, major disagreements arose between Vctor Ral Haya
de la Torre, the founder of APRA, and President Bustamante. The President disbanded his
Aprista cabinet and replaced it with a mostly military one. Odra, a fierce opponent of APRA,
was appointed Minister of Government and Police. In 1948, Odra and other rightwing elements urged Bustamante to ban APRA. When the President refused, Odra resigned
his post. On October 27, 1948, he led a successful military coup against the government and
took over as president. After two years, he resigned and had one of his colleagues, Zenn
Noriega, take office as a puppet president so he could run for president as a civilian. He was
duly elected a month later as the only candidate.
Odra came down hard on APRA, momentarily pleasing the oligarchy and all others on the
right. Like Juan Pern, he followed a populist course that won him great favor with the poor
and lower classes. A thriving economy allowed him to indulge in expensive but crowd-pleasing
social policies. At the same time, however, civil rightsin the nation were severely restricted
and corruption was rampant throughout his rgime. People feared that his dictatorship would
run indefinitely; they were surprised when Odra legalized opposition parties in 1956 and called
fresh elections. He did not run for office. He was succeeded by a former president, Manuel
Prado.
when national elections were held again in 1962, Odra ran as a right-wing candidate for
the Unin Nacional Odriistaparty. None of the three major candidates - Odra, Haya de la Torre
and Fernando Belande - received the required one third of the vote to win with a plurality. It
appeared that Odra would win the Presidency in Congress, after having made a deal
with Haya de la Torre, but a military coup removed President Prado from office a few days
before his term ended. Elections were held again in 1963, with the same three major
candidates. This time Belande won with 39% of the vote.[1]
During the Belande administration, Odra made an alliance with Haya de la Torre to create a
single opposition block in Parliament, which became known as the APRA-UNO Coalition. As a

political force, they managed to create strong parliamentary opposition to President Belande,
who was forced to make important concessions to the Coalition in order to get most of his
party-sponsored legislation enacted. The Coalition suffered a setback after losing the elections
for mayor in the capital, Lima.
After the military coup that overthrew Belande in 19xx, Odra kept a low profile in Peruvian
politics until his death in 1974.
Outside Sources: Enrique Odra Sotomayor

Manuel A. Odra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Manuel Apolinario Odra Amoretti

79th President of Peru

In office
October 27, 1948 June 1, 1950

Preceded by

Jos Bustamante

Succeeded by

Zenn Noriega

81st President of Peru

In office
July 28, 1950 July 28, 1956

Preceded by

Zenn Noriega

Succeeded by

Manuel Prado

Personal details

Born

November 26, 1896

Died

February 18, 1974 (aged 76)

Nationality

Peruvian

Political party

Unin Nacional Odriista

Profession

Army General

Manuel Arturo Odra Amoretti (November 26, 1896 February 18, 1974) was
the President of Peru from 1948 to 1956, essentially ruling as a military dictator.
Manuel Odra was born in 1896 in Tarma, a city in the central Andes just east of Lima. He
graduated first in his class from the Chorillos Military Academy in 1915. He joined the army and
as a Lieutenant Colonel was a war hero in the 1941Ecuadorian-Peruvian war. He soon
achieved the rank of Major General.
In 1945, Jos Bustamante had attained the presidency with the help of the American Popular
Revolutionary Alliance(APRA). Soon, major disagreements arose between Vctor Ral Haya
de la Torre, the founder of APRA, and President Bustamante. The President disbanded his
Aprista cabinet and replaced it with a mostly military one. Odra, a fierce opponent of APRA,
was appointed Minister of Government and Police. In 1948, Odra and other rightwing elements urged Bustamante to ban APRA. When the President refused, Odra resigned
his post. On October 27, 1948, he led a successful military coup against the government and
took over as president. After two years, he resigned and had one of his colleagues, Zenn
Noriega, take office as a puppet president so he could run for president as a civilian. He was
duly elected a month later as the only candidate.
Odra came down hard on APRA, momentarily pleasing the oligarchy and all others on the
right. Like Juan Pern, he followed a populist course that won him great favor with the poor
and lower classes. A thriving economy allowed him to indulge in expensive but crowd-pleasing
social policies. At the same time, however, civil rightsin the nation were severely restricted
and corruption was rampant throughout his rgime. People feared that his dictatorship would
run indefinitely; they were surprised when Odra legalized opposition parties in 1956 and called
fresh elections. He did not run for office. He was succeeded by a former president, Manuel
Prado.
when national elections were held again in 1962, Odra ran as a right-wing candidate for
the Unin Nacional Odriistaparty. None of the three major candidates - Odra, Haya de la Torre
and Fernando Belande - received the required one third of the vote to win with a plurality. It
appeared that Odra would win the Presidency in Congress, after having made a deal
with Haya de la Torre, but a military coup removed President Prado from office a few days
before his term ended. Elections were held again in 1963, with the same three major
candidates. This time Belande won with 39% of the vote.[1]

During the Belande administration, Odra made an alliance with Haya de la Torre to create a
single opposition block in Parliament, which became known as the APRA-UNO Coalition. As a
political force, they managed to create strong parliamentary opposition to President Belande,
who was forced to make important concessions to the Coalition in order to get most of his
party-sponsored legislation enacted. The Coalition suffered a setback after losing the elections
for mayor in the capital, Lima.
After the military coup that overthrew Belande in 19xx, Odra kept a low profile in Peruvian
politics until his death in 1974.
Outside Sources: Enrique Odra Sotomayor

Manuel A. Odra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Manuel Apolinario Odra Amoretti

79th President of Peru

In office
October 27, 1948 June 1, 1950

Preceded by

Jos Bustamante

Succeeded by

Zenn Noriega

81st President of Peru

In office
July 28, 1950 July 28, 1956

Preceded by

Zenn Noriega

Succeeded by

Manuel Prado

Personal details

Born

November 26, 1896

Died

February 18, 1974 (aged 76)

Nationality

Peruvian

Political party

Unin Nacional Odriista

Profession

Army General

Manuel Arturo Odra Amoretti (November 26, 1896 February 18, 1974) was
the President of Peru from 1948 to 1956, essentially ruling as a military dictator.
Manuel Odra was born in 1896 in Tarma, a city in the central Andes just east of Lima. He
graduated first in his class from the Chorillos Military Academy in 1915. He joined the army and
as a Lieutenant Colonel was a war hero in the 1941Ecuadorian-Peruvian war. He soon
achieved the rank of Major General.
In 1945, Jos Bustamante had attained the presidency with the help of the American Popular
Revolutionary Alliance(APRA). Soon, major disagreements arose between Vctor Ral Haya
de la Torre, the founder of APRA, and President Bustamante. The President disbanded his
Aprista cabinet and replaced it with a mostly military one. Odra, a fierce opponent of APRA,
was appointed Minister of Government and Police. In 1948, Odra and other rightwing elements urged Bustamante to ban APRA. When the President refused, Odra resigned
his post. On October 27, 1948, he led a successful military coup against the government and
took over as president. After two years, he resigned and had one of his colleagues, Zenn
Noriega, take office as a puppet president so he could run for president as a civilian. He was
duly elected a month later as the only candidate.
Odra came down hard on APRA, momentarily pleasing the oligarchy and all others on the
right. Like Juan Pern, he followed a populist course that won him great favor with the poor
and lower classes. A thriving economy allowed him to indulge in expensive but crowd-pleasing
social policies. At the same time, however, civil rightsin the nation were severely restricted
and corruption was rampant throughout his rgime. People feared that his dictatorship would
run indefinitely; they were surprised when Odra legalized opposition parties in 1956 and called
fresh elections. He did not run for office. He was succeeded by a former president, Manuel
Prado.
when national elections were held again in 1962, Odra ran as a right-wing candidate for
the Unin Nacional Odriistaparty. None of the three major candidates - Odra, Haya de la Torre
and Fernando Belande - received the required one third of the vote to win with a plurality. It
appeared that Odra would win the Presidency in Congress, after having made a deal

with Haya de la Torre, but a military coup removed President Prado from office a few days
before his term ended. Elections were held again in 1963, with the same three major
candidates. This time Belande won with 39% of the vote.[1]
During the Belande administration, Odra made an alliance with Haya de la Torre to create a
single opposition block in Parliament, which became known as the APRA-UNO Coalition. As a
political force, they managed to create strong parliamentary opposition to President Belande,
who was forced to make important concessions to the Coalition in order to get most of his
party-sponsored legislation enacted. The Coalition suffered a setback after losing the elections
for mayor in the capital, Lima.
After the military coup that overthrew Belande in 19xx, Odra kept a low profile in Peruvian
politics until his death in 1974.
Outside Sources: Enrique Odra Sotomayor

Manuel A. Odra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Manuel Apolinario Odra Amoretti

79th President of Peru

In office
October 27, 1948 June 1, 1950

Preceded by

Jos Bustamante

Succeeded by

Zenn Noriega

81st President of Peru

In office

July 28, 1950 July 28, 1956

Preceded by

Zenn Noriega

Succeeded by

Manuel Prado

Personal details

Born

November 26, 1896

Died

February 18, 1974 (aged 76)

Nationality

Peruvian

Political party

Unin Nacional Odriista

Profession

Army General

Manuel Arturo Odra Amoretti (November 26, 1896 February 18, 1974) was
the President of Peru from 1948 to 1956, essentially ruling as a military dictator.
Manuel Odra was born in 1896 in Tarma, a city in the central Andes just east of Lima. He
graduated first in his class from the Chorillos Military Academy in 1915. He joined the army and
as a Lieutenant Colonel was a war hero in the 1941Ecuadorian-Peruvian war. He soon
achieved the rank of Major General.
In 1945, Jos Bustamante had attained the presidency with the help of the American Popular
Revolutionary Alliance(APRA). Soon, major disagreements arose between Vctor Ral Haya
de la Torre, the founder of APRA, and President Bustamante. The President disbanded his
Aprista cabinet and replaced it with a mostly military one. Odra, a fierce opponent of APRA,
was appointed Minister of Government and Police. In 1948, Odra and other rightwing elements urged Bustamante to ban APRA. When the President refused, Odra resigned
his post. On October 27, 1948, he led a successful military coup against the government and
took over as president. After two years, he resigned and had one of his colleagues, Zenn
Noriega, take office as a puppet president so he could run for president as a civilian. He was
duly elected a month later as the only candidate.
Odra came down hard on APRA, momentarily pleasing the oligarchy and all others on the
right. Like Juan Pern, he followed a populist course that won him great favor with the poor
and lower classes. A thriving economy allowed him to indulge in expensive but crowd-pleasing
social policies. At the same time, however, civil rightsin the nation were severely restricted
and corruption was rampant throughout his rgime. People feared that his dictatorship would
run indefinitely; they were surprised when Odra legalized opposition parties in 1956 and called
fresh elections. He did not run for office. He was succeeded by a former president, Manuel
Prado.

when national elections were held again in 1962, Odra ran as a right-wing candidate for
the Unin Nacional Odriistaparty. None of the three major candidates - Odra, Haya de la Torre
and Fernando Belande - received the required one third of the vote to win with a plurality. It
appeared that Odra would win the Presidency in Congress, after having made a deal
with Haya de la Torre, but a military coup removed President Prado from office a few days
before his term ended. Elections were held again in 1963, with the same three major
candidates. This time Belande won with 39% of the vote.[1]
During the Belande administration, Odra made an alliance with Haya de la Torre to create a
single opposition block in Parliament, which became known as the APRA-UNO Coalition. As a
political force, they managed to create strong parliamentary opposition to President Belande,
who was forced to make important concessions to the Coalition in order to get most of his
party-sponsored legislation enacted. The Coalition suffered a setback after losing the elections
for mayor in the capital, Lima.
After the military coup that overthrew Belande in 19xx, Odra kept a low profile in Peruvian
politics until his death in 1974.
Outside Sources: Enrique Odra Sotomayor

Manuel A. Odra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Manuel Apolinario Odra Amoretti

79th President of Peru

In office
October 27, 1948 June 1, 1950

Preceded by

Jos Bustamante

Succeeded by

Zenn Noriega

81st President of Peru

In office
July 28, 1950 July 28, 1956

Preceded by

Zenn Noriega

Succeeded by

Manuel Prado

Personal details

Born

November 26, 1896

Died

February 18, 1974 (aged 76)

Nationality

Peruvian

Political party

Unin Nacional Odriista

Profession

Army General

Manuel Arturo Odra Amoretti (November 26, 1896 February 18, 1974) was
the President of Peru from 1948 to 1956, essentially ruling as a military dictator.
Manuel Odra was born in 1896 in Tarma, a city in the central Andes just east of Lima. He
graduated first in his class from the Chorillos Military Academy in 1915. He joined the army and
as a Lieutenant Colonel was a war hero in the 1941Ecuadorian-Peruvian war. He soon
achieved the rank of Major General.
In 1945, Jos Bustamante had attained the presidency with the help of the American Popular
Revolutionary Alliance(APRA). Soon, major disagreements arose between Vctor Ral Haya
de la Torre, the founder of APRA, and President Bustamante. The President disbanded his
Aprista cabinet and replaced it with a mostly military one. Odra, a fierce opponent of APRA,
was appointed Minister of Government and Police. In 1948, Odra and other rightwing elements urged Bustamante to ban APRA. When the President refused, Odra resigned
his post. On October 27, 1948, he led a successful military coup against the government and
took over as president. After two years, he resigned and had one of his colleagues, Zenn
Noriega, take office as a puppet president so he could run for president as a civilian. He was
duly elected a month later as the only candidate.
Odra came down hard on APRA, momentarily pleasing the oligarchy and all others on the
right. Like Juan Pern, he followed a populist course that won him great favor with the poor
and lower classes. A thriving economy allowed him to indulge in expensive but crowd-pleasing
social policies. At the same time, however, civil rightsin the nation were severely restricted
and corruption was rampant throughout his rgime. People feared that his dictatorship would

run indefinitely; they were surprised when Odra legalized opposition parties in 1956 and called
fresh elections. He did not run for office. He was succeeded by a former president, Manuel
Prado.
when national elections were held again in 1962, Odra ran as a right-wing candidate for
the Unin Nacional Odriistaparty. None of the three major candidates - Odra, Haya de la Torre
and Fernando Belande - received the required one third of the vote to win with a plurality. It
appeared that Odra would win the Presidency in Congress, after having made a deal
with Haya de la Torre, but a military coup removed President Prado from office a few days
before his term ended. Elections were held again in 1963, with the same three major
candidates. This time Belande won with 39% of the vote.[1]
During the Belande administration, Odra made an alliance with Haya de la Torre to create a
single opposition block in Parliament, which became known as the APRA-UNO Coalition. As a
political force, they managed to create strong parliamentary opposition to President Belande,
who was forced to make important concessions to the Coalition in order to get most of his
party-sponsored legislation enacted. The Coalition suffered a setback after losing the elections
for mayor in the capital, Lima.
After the military coup that overthrew Belande in 19xx, Odra kept a low profile in Peruvian
politics until his death in 1974.
Outside Sources: Enrique Odra Sotomayor