IWJ April

Indian Welding Journal
Chief Editor
Dr. T. K. Pal
Professor
Metallurgical and Material Engg. Department
Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032
Phone & Fax : 033-24146317 (O)
E-Mail :iwj.iiw@gmail.com
Joint Editors
Mr. Rahul Sengupta
Chairman
Meeting and Publication Commiittee
Indian Institute of Welding
Dr. Shaju Albert

Head, Materials Technology Division
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research,
Kalapakkam, Tamilnadu
Editorial Board
1.
Mr. P. K. Das, Immidiate past Chief Editor, IWJ and Vice president of IIW.
2.
Dr. A. K. Bhaduri, Associate Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalapakkam,
Tamilnadu - 603 102.
3.
Dr. G. Madhusudan Reddy, Scientist 'G', Group Head, Metal Joining Group, Solidification
Technology Division, Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL), Hyderabad,
Hyderabad 500 058.
4.
Dr. Amitava De, Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, In-Charge, Structural Integrity
Testing & Analysis Center (SITAC); Central Workshop, IIT Bombay, Powai - 400 076.
5.
Dr. V. Balasubramanian, Professor and Director, Centre for Materials Joining& Research,
Department of Manufacturing Engg., Annamalai University, Chennai.
6.
Dr. Santanu Das, Professor and Head, Mechanical Engg. Department, Kalyani Government
Engineering College, Kalyani, West Bengal.
7.
Dr. G. Padmanabham, Associate Director, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder
Metallurgy & New Materials (ARCI), Hyderabad.
8.
Dr. Mahadev Shome, Head, Material Characterization and Joining research group, R&D,
Tata Steel, Jamshedpur-831 001.
Representing American Welding Society

Andrew Cullison & Jeffery Weber
Special Invitees
1.
Dr. Stan David, Corporate Fellow and Group leader (Rtd.)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Consultant, USA.
2.
Professor W. Fricke, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany.
3.
Professor Dietrich Rehfeldt, Leibniz University, Hanover, PZH, IW, Joining of Materials.
11
INDIAN WELDING JOURNAL Volume 45 No.2 April 2012
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For C. Steel, S. Steel, Aluminum & Inconel /Monel
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12
EDITORIAL
EDITORIAL
Over the years, the growth of fabrication industry has generated a demand for quality weld deposition at ever faster
rate with flexibility in operation. Welding processes are being developed to crater the need of the fabrication industry.
However, for better flexibility in operation, the concepts of hybrid process are now being implemented commercially.
But to get maximum benefit of such potential hybrid processes, it is necessary to establish first the technical
characteristic of the process. These have been discussed lucidly by Dr. G. Padmanabham et al in his paper LASERMIG Hybrid Welding of Thick Plates of Mild Steel in Single Pass which many of us would find very informative and
relevant.
Corrosion fatigue, along with stress corrosion cracking is responsible for many, if not most, service failures in a wide
variety of welded structures, in particular, for naval structures. Cathodic protection in addition to epoxy coatings is
widely used to prevent corrosion of structural steels in the marine environment. However, the importance of optimum
cathodic protection potentials for high strength steels in marine environment has been discussed by H. Das et al in the
paper Corrosion Fatigue behavior of Submerged Arc Welded high strength steel used in Naval Structures where
interesting R & D under quasi-sophisticated laboratory conditions has yielded useful data.
In the third Technical Report the author Swapan Kumar Bagchi et al elaborates on In-situ repair of multiple cracks
presents in the RTJ groove of high pressure hydrogen bearing DHDS reactor by welding which would be of interest to
both welding and material engineers.
IWJ will now be guided and composed under the able stewardship of our Editorial Board, which comprises luminaries
from all walks of life. We are sure that their valuable advices and inputs will add a new dimension to IWJ. Our aim is to
make IWJ a journal which will find something of interest even a layman to the fabricated industry.
So far we have received information of five of our branches namely Bhilai, Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi having
reported their respective Branch Activities which is very encouraging. We thank them and wish all success in future.
We hope that the other branches of the institute would also send their Branch Activities as well.
The overwhelming response from the engineering students in recent workshop on Advancement in Welding
Technology held at Kolkata and we believe similar response will be available from other places as well, has
encouraged us to make the dream team of welding by providing better welding education and training. We must try to
close the gap between what manufacturers need and the number of well-trained young, talented welding personnel
to go to work for them.
We look forward to the NWS 2013 in Bangalore and we wish IIW Bangalore Branch all the best for the grand and
informative NWS 2013.
Dr. T. K. Pal
Chief-Editor
Email: iwj.iiw@gmail.com
13
HONY. SECRETARY GENERAL'S DESK

Dear Members,
At the outset, I am pleased to inform you that the year ended 31st March, 2012 has been a really eventful year for the Institute.
Starting from organizing the 64th Annual Assembly the mega event of IIW in July -2011 at Chennai followed by National Welding
Seminar 2011 held in December at Bhilai and finally concluded through Branch Seminars and Workshop organized by Delhi,
Mumbai and Kolkata Branches during February-2012.
The Delhi Branch organized their Annual Seminar on the theme "Emerging Trends in Welding Industries" at India International
Centre, New Delhi on 11th February, 2012 which was attended by 125 delegates and was a grand success.
The Mumbai Branch along with Pune chapter organized their Annual Seminar on "Advances in Welding Materials, Automation &
Quality" on 18th February, 2012 at the College of Engineering, Pune.
To bring general awareness amongst the students of Engineering Colleges in West Bengal, Kolkata Branch in association with
Welding Technology Centre, Jadavpur University, organized one day Workshop on "Advancement in Welding Technology" on 25th
February, 2012 at Gandhi Bhawan Jadavpur University, Kolkata. 350 students representing various engineering colleges in West
Bengal participated in this workshop. The workshop created immense interest amongst the participants for AMIIW. This is a noble
idea and I would request all the Branches to organize such awareness program so that more students may appear for AMIIW
Examination to obtain AMIIW Degree equivalent to Bachelor degree in Welding.
Members will be pleased to learn that we have been accorded provisional approval as an Authorized National Body for Company
Certification (ANBCC) in India. We have launched a new programme for company certification in compliance with ISO : 3834 as per
the International Institute of Welding's Manufacturers Certification Scheme. To enrich our knowledge and to start the Certification
activities till we receive the final approval from IAB (it will take 8 to 10 months) we entered a Co-operation agreement with Italian
Institute of Welding (IIS Cert) of Italy. The agreement covers cooperation in ISO 3834 auditing/certification activities, IIW India
assessor/technical experts' training, cooperation on ISO 15085 etc.
As per this agreement, IIS Cert deputed one of their experts Dr. Paolo Picollo for training of IIW India assessors and technical
experts. The 4-day training programme was organized at Kolkata from 19th to 22nd February 2012.
We obtained an order from a Delhi base Company for Certification on ISO: 3834. Subsequently, 2 IIS Cert auditors (including
Mr. Stefano Morra currently the Chairman Gr. B of IAB and also the Technical Manager of IIS Cert) were deputed for auditing. The IIS
audit team was also accompanied by 3 of our trainee assessors (apart from Director-MCS and The Scheme Manager) for 'on job'
training as per the qualification requirements for our assessors. Three persons amongst who were trained at Kolkata were deputed
for this 'on job' training.
The auditing process went off smoothly and no major 'non-conformities' were found by the auditors. However, there were a few
observations in the audit report. The formal certificate will be issued only after satisfactory resolution of these observations. The
certificate to be issued by IIS Cert will be routed through IIW India.
A 'Technical Meet' was organised on ISO : 3834 at Kolkata jointly by CII and IIW India (at CII's Suresh Neotia Centre for excellence,
Salt Lake) on 20th February where prospective clients were invited. The main speaker was Mr. Paolo Picollo of IIS Cert (the trainer
from IIS Cert) supported by IIW India officials. There were lively discussions after the presentations.
A half-day seminar on ISO : 3834 was organized at Delhi at Hotel Jaypee Siddhartha jointly by CII Delhi and IIW India on 25th
February. A number of serious clients attended the seminar. Dr. Stefano Morra and Dr. Paolo Picollo made the presentations apart
from IIW officials. Arising out of this seminar 2/3 customers shown their keen interest to go for ISO 3834/EN 15085.
Recently we were requested by the PMO's Office, National Skill Development Council in Delhi to make a presentation on the
Institute's activities particularly in the area of Human Resources and Skill Development in Welding. Following the presentations, the
Executive Director of the Skill Development Council of the Govt. of India has requested the Institute to give a proposal for training of
twenty thousand welders per year through our NWTCS programme through the Authorized Training Institute of IIW-India , to meet
the requirement of Fabrication and Construction industries in the country.
Best regards
Parimal Biswas
M.No +91 9831052652
E-Mail Id : parimal.biswas@iiwindia.com
14
IIW NEWS
IIW NEWS
Shri V. K. Ogale, Sr. Mgr. (RMP-1) and Vote of thanks was
BRANCH ACTIVITIES
proposed by Shri Ajay Bedi, Hony. Sec. (IIW-BB) & DGM

(R&SM).
BHILAI BRANCH ACTIVITY REPORT
Shri S. K. Bansal, AGM (Project) & Hony. Treasurer (IIW-
Workshop on Stainless Steel Welding held at
BB); Shri R. K. Bisare, AGM (Plate Mill) and Shri M. R. K.
HRDC, BSP
Shariff, AGM (SGP) contributed effectively to make the
A one day workshop on Stainless Steel Welding was
programme successful.
jointly organized by Bhilai Steel Plant and the Indian

Institute of Welding (IIW), Bhilai Branch at HRDC
assembly hall on Saturday (03.03.2012).
CHENNAI BRANCH ACTIVITY REPORT
The workshop was inaugurated by Shri C. S. Sharma, GM
1st January to 29 th February, 2012
(Safety & Fire Services) BSP and presided over by
I.
Technical Lectures
Shri Debasish Thakur, GM (Utilities) BSP & Vice President
IIW-India, Chennai Branch organised one evening
(IIW-India).
technical lecture on 04.01.2012 at MDL Seminar
At the outset Shri Thakur welcomed the dignitaries &
Hall, IGCAR Kalpakkam on the topic. Welding of
delegates and apprised them with the aim & objective of
Stainless Steels by Prof. Dr. S. Sundaresan,
the workshop.
Formerly L&T Welding Chair, MS University Baroda

& Professor, IIT Madras. Around 60 participants
While delivering his opening speech, the chief guest Shri
attended the lecture and many young engineers &
C. S. Sharma lauded the efforts put in by the organizers
scientists were benefited by the lecture.
to organise the workshop. Speaking on the subject he
II . Evening Technical Programme
emphasised that Stainless Steels are becoming the

material of choice in applications where corrosion
An evening technical programme on Shielding
resistance is a necessity. Its cutting and welding
gases for light and heavy Welding applications
processes are equally important in terms of quality, cost,
involving high alloy steels: Optimization of Cost and
durability and safety. He urged all the participants to
Productivity was held at the Hotel Radha Regent,
make full use of the knowledge & experience being
Arumbakkam, Chennai. The event was held on the

25th of January, 2012, (Wednesday), from 18.00
shared during the workshop by the distinguished faculty.
hours to 20.30 hrs. Around 75 delegates parti-
The faculty, a renowned expert on the subject from
cipated from industries & academic institutes.
Delhi College of Engineering, Dr. C. K. Datta covered
Eminent speaker Sri. Chritsoph Matz, EWE, from
various aspects of Stainless Steel Welding including
Linde AG delivered the technical lecture.
types of stainless steel, various welding methods used in
Sri. J. Joseph Amalraj, Sr. Deputy General Manager
SS welding, Ni & Cr equivalent, sheffelar diagram,
& Head QM, Hydrocarbon & Power, Engineering &
plasma arc cutting and safety during welding etc.
Construction Division, Larsen & Toubro Limited,
The workshop was attended by 40 maintenance
was the chief guest and inaugurated the
engineers hailed from the cross section of Bhilai Steel
programme. The programme was sponsored by
Plant. The feedback given by the participants is found to
BOC India Limited, Kolkatta. Dr. Shaju K Albert;
be very useful & informative.
Chairman, IIW-India, Chennai branch chaired the
The proceedings of the programme was conducted by
Programme. Sri. T. V. Prabhu Hony. Secretary; IIW
15
discussion. Delegates from various industries and
Chennai Branch co-ordinated the entire event.
educational institutions presented there and benefitted
III. Technical Lecture and live demonstration.
by sharing their experiences and challenges of welding.
IIW-India, Chennai Branch organised an evening

technical lecture with live demo on 07.02.2012 at
KOLKATA BRANCH ACTIVITY REPORT
SRI Seminar Hall, SRI Guest House, Anupuram, on

the topic Computer Aided System for evaluating
IIW-India, Kolkata Branch organised a workshop on
arc welding power sources and consumables by
"Advancement in Welding Technology (AWT)" on 25th
Dr. Ing. habil. & Dr. Dietrich Rehfeldt : professors /
February at Gandhi Bhavan, Jadavpur University,
Joining of Materials / Welding Technology /
Kolkata. The workshop was organised in association with
Institute: LUH / PZH / IW / UWTH / An der
Welding Technology Centre (WTC), Metallurgical &
Universitaet 2 / D-30823 Garbsen / Germany. The
Materials Engineering Department, Jadavpur University.
lecture covered the latest hardware & software
The event was aimed to create more awareness among
concepts and industrial applications in SMAW and
student community of Engineering and Technical
GMAW for qualification of welding filler materials,
Institutes on the importance and potential of Welding
welding power sources and welding procedures.
Technology.
The workshop received an overwhelming response from
DELHI BRANCH ACTIVITY REPORT
the student community and 307 students and teaching

faculty members from 15 Engineering Colleges and
Branch Seminar
Technical Institutes surrounding Kolkata attended the
Organized branch seminar on Emerging Trends in
programme. In addition, presence of 44 participants
Welding Industry at India International Centre, 40 Max
from various industries and IIW-India made the work-
Muller Marg, New Delhi on 11th February 2012. The
shop highly interactive.
seminar was inaugurated by our Hony. Chief Guest
In inaugural session Dr. Rajib De, Head, Metallurgical &
Mr. Sharad Anand (Exec. Directo r- Engg. NTPC, New
Materials Engineering, Jadavpur University in his
Delhi). Key note address was given by Mr. Raman Kumar
welcome address spoke about the importance of such
(MD, ADOR Welding Ltd) and chaired by Dr. C. K. Datta.
workshop which opened an opportunity for the students
There were three technical sessions chaired by Mr. J. R.
to interact freely with the representatives of industry.
Prasher, Dr. Sachin Maheshwari and Dr. Reeta Wattal.
Dr. T. K. Pal, Professor & Co-ordinator, Welding
Lectures were delivered on various topics by eminent
Technology Centre (WTC) and CoChairman, AWT
speakers from various welding related organizations like
highlighted the idea behind the workshop and
NTPC, L&T, RITES Ltd.,GEE Ltd., FSH Welding India Pvt.
objectives of the workshop and thanked the audience for
Ltd., ISGEC Heavy Engg Ltd., Yamunanagar, Wearresist
their encouraging response. Mr. Parimal Biswas, Hon.
Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Baroda, ADOR FONTECH Ltd.,
Secretary General, IIW India and Mr. P. K. Das, Vice
RDSO, Lucknow, BHEL, Hardwar.
President, IIW India deliberated on the key activities of

IIW India for promotion of science and technology of
Around 125 delegates were benefited directly or
welding. Mr. Rahul Sengupta, Hony. Treasurer, IIW
indirectly by these lectures.
India, Kolkata Branch highlighted the major activities of
At last the Panel Discussion was chaired by Mr. M. P.
Kolkata Branch. The vote of thanks was given by Mr. B. K.
Dhanuka (ED Mktg, GEE Ltd.) with a great and healthy
Das, Hony. Secretary, Kolkata Branch.
16
IIW NEWS
MUMBAI BRANCH ACTIVITY REPORT
In the technical session altogether six (6) papers were

presented by Dr. T. K. Pal, Mr. Rahul Sengupta, Mr. B. K.
Annual Welding Seminar 2012
Mishra & Mr. S. K. Gupta.
The Annual Welding Seminar of the Mumbai branch was
The panel discussion Opportunities in Welding was
held on 18th February, 2012 at the College of
started with a well structured presentation from Mr. P. K.
Engineering, Pune (COEP)
Das which highlighted the requirement of qualified

technical persons in the field of fabrication & welding
The theme of the seminar was "Advances in Welding
in India and the supportive role being played by IIW
Materials, Automation & Quality". Approximately 250
India to encourage young generation to take up welding
delegates participated in the seminar.
and allied technologies as their carrier. Cdr. A. K.
Mr. A. A. Deshpande, Chairman of the Mumbai branch
Mahapatra, DGM, Garden Reach Shipbuilders &
welcomed the guests, delegates and invitees. He
Engineers Ltd., Mr. S. K. Gupta, Mr. P. K. Das, Dr. T. K. Pal,
presented the activities of the Indian Institute of
Dr. Santanu Das, Mr. Rahul Sengupta and other
Welding with particular reference on the training and
representatives of Industry and educational institutes
education programmes, which the institute has taken up
participated on behalf of panel to discuss various issues
recently.
on carrier opportunities in welding and replied to queries
The seminar was inaugurated by Mr. C. M.
generated from the audience. The workshop ended with
Venkateshwaran, CEO, Aker Solutions, Pune.
a visit to WTC where practical demonstrations on Friction

Stir Welding of Aluminium and advance Gas Metal Arc
In his address, he said that investments in new
Welding of Steel were performed.
technologies, manufacturing and skills development will

happen in that part of the world where large population
The sessions were ably chaired by Dr. Santanu Das,
driven markets have developed. In this context, India
Head Mechanical Engineering, Kalyani Govt. Engineer-
and China will continue to be more relevant in the world
ing College, West Bengal and Co-convenor, AWT.
of the future.
During the 1st Quarter of this year, the Branch also
He also said that the Government of India's plan to set up
undertook Training Programmes at different industries in
a consolidated FDI Policy and to create National
association with National Welding Research and Training
Manufacturing and Investment Zones (NMIZ) are steps
Institute, mainly at industries manufacturing Railway
in the desired direction to boost the manufacturing
wagons. Training programmes were conducted at
climate in the country. Welding and manufacturing go
M/s. H. E. I. Ltd., at their Santragachhi Works and at
hand in hand; welding has been an age-old industry that
their Tiljala Works. Training programme was also
has evolved over the period of time, but there is much
conducted at M/s. Haldia Logistics Pvt. Ltd., Haldia, who
more to be accomplished yet. He touched upon the need
are manufacturers of heavy and medium welded
to make welding an attractive profession for engineers
equipments. Of late, a major breakthrough was
and also the need to ensure a better collaboration
achieved when Eastern Railway, Kanchrapara Works
between industry and academic institutions. He
were impressed on our activities and placed order to
commented on the perception of welding as a crude and
train their Welders & Supervisors of Loco and Carriage
not-so-clean an engineering process; and the need to
Divisions.
change this perception.
Besides continuing such training programmes, the
He further advocated for Green Welding, using eco-
Branch is planning to conduct more workshops and more
friendly consumables and energy-efficient processes,
one day lecture series in near future.
with increased automation, and intelligent welding with

17
increased use of IT in welding. He then released the
The technical sessions began with the prestigious G. L.
Technical Souvenir.
Goswami Memorial Lecture by Mr. D. V. Kulkarni, General

Manager, Nuclear Div., L&T Ltd., in his lecture,
Dr. Anil Sahastrabuddhe, Director, College of
Mr. Kulkarni evaluated the "Current State of the Art in
Engineering, Pune addressed the gathering as the Guest
Welding Technology" in terms of the processes used and
of Honor. He also endorsed the need for better
particularly touched on the need to modify and improve
collaboration between industry and academia. He also
these processes to suit new and demanding
endorsed the need for better collaboration between
applications.
industry and academia. He expressed his satisfaction on

the students' interest and enthusiasm participating in
Twelve papers were presented in three technical
this seminar, as delegates as well as volunteers. He said
sessions. The sessions were ably chaired by Mr. N.
that COEP shall always be available to IIW-India for
Kalyan, Mr. R. Srinivasan and Mr. V. K. Shendrikar.
organizing their training programmes. He further
The paper on "Procedure for welding of EN19 higher-
suggested that the final-year materials science and
thickness, High-Restraint Shaft with SA 516 Gr. 70 plate"
engineering students may be provided training in the
by Mr. Manjesh Thakre of Praj Industries Ltd., Pune was
welding industry, and requested IIW-India to assist and
adjudged as the best paper by the four judges on the
guide them on these programmes.
basis of technical content and presentation and was
Mr. Kaustubh Amte, grandson of Late Mr. Baba Amte,
given with the Best Paper Award with a cash prize of
well-known social reformer and founder of Maharogi
Rs. 1,000/-
Sewa Samiti at Warora, Maharashtra; informed the
Four poster papers prepared by the students of COEP
delegates of the activities carried out in their workshop
were also displayed during the seminar. The poster
at Anandwan Ashram for training the inhabitants. He
paper on "Good Quality of Welds", prepared by
informed the delegates that their workshop fabricates
Ms. Prynanka and Ms. Yashodhara was declared the Best
tri-cycles and windmills using MIG and TIG welding
poster paper. They were rewarded with a Cash prize of
processes. As a social gesture, the Indian Institute of
Rs. 1,000/- each.
Welding Pune centre, under the co-ordination of the

Mumbai branch, arranged to donate one MiG and one
Fifteen exhibitors displayed their products in the
TIG welding machine to them through the kind
Exhibition during the seminar. The exhibition was
patronage of M/s. ADOR Welding Ltd. and Ganesh
inaugurated by the Chief Guest Mr. Venkateshwaran.
Automation Pvt. Ltd., both from Pune. The patrons were

honored by the Institute during the inaugural function.
18
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
covering general & light engineering.
National Welding Seminar 2013 at Trade Centre,

KTPO (Karnataka Trade Promotion Organisation) Plot
NWS 2013 will cover the latest developments, works and
No. 121, EPIP, Whitefield Industrial Area, Bangalore -
results in Welding Technology and Allied Areas related
560 066, the Tech City of India and concurrent WELD
to:
INDIA 2013 Exhibition during 7th to 9th Feb, 2013
a)
is being announced at a time when the discipline of
Design for welding, manufacturing / fabrication
Welding Technology is transforming into an enabling
techniques corresponding to welded structures and
technology from a commodity technology.
productivity.
b)
National Welding Seminar is the biggest All India
Welding Processes, Equipments, Automation,

Robotics and CNC Machines.
Annual Event of the Institute and NWS 2013 aims to

c)
provide an active and dynamic forum for professionals
Materials, Consumables, Welding Procedures,
from industry, consultants & trainers and academia &
Welding Metallurgy & Weldability all types of
research personnel to share and enhance the knowledge
materials.
d)
base in the science, engineering, technology and
Metal Cutting & Preparation, Forming and Weld

Finishing.
management of welding and allied disciplines.

e)
The 7th edition of International Welding
Computer Applications, CAD/CAM, Simulation &
Technology Exhibition to show case welding, cutting
Modeling including aspects of Information
and allied products & services popularly known as Weld
Technology.
f)
India Expo is being concurrently organized along with
Hard Facing, Repair & Reclamation, Maintenance,

Surfacing, Cladding and Coating Technologies.
NWS 2013 under the brand title WELD INDIA 2013.

g)
NWS 2013 will cover two major themes, they being :
Safety, Occupational Health, Environment,

Education, Training &Mobility concerns and
1) Lean Welding and Fabrication through Design,
insights into future.
Appropriate Manufacturing Methods and Metallurh)
gical Analysis.
Mechanical and Corrosion Properties, Residual

Stress, Distortion Control and Characterisation of
2) Emerging, Leading and State of the Art Technologies
Weldments.
in Materials Joining.
- Present Status in India and Future Trends.
i)
Cost & Economics, QA, NDT, NDE, Life

Enhancement of Structures and Failure Analysis.
WELD INDIA 2013 is a B2B and B2C facilitating
j)
platform for exhibitors and visitors associated with
Special Welding/Fabrication and High Energy

density Processes.
sectors like automotive, aerospace, ship construction &

k)
other waterway transport segment, railways & infra-
Market Development and Strategy.
structure, heavy engineering and structural fabrication,
Over the coming months WELD INDIA 2013 will be
white goods manufacturing, mining & metallurgical,
promoted to attract key players in the welding, cutting
chemical / petrochemical / pharmaceutical / oil & gas /
and fabrication industry from around the world. This is
fertilizer / bio-tech, agriculture / food processing /
going to be your best and exciting opportunity to
materials handling, power equipments and pressure
establish contacts, interact with local and overseas
vessel manufacturing, research / development /
buyers.
education / training / certification & consultancy and
Presentations and technical papers that involve original
above all the most man power intensive MSME sector

19
For Further Information contact:
work, results and experiences are invited from practicing

professionals, scientists, academicians and students in
Chairman : Mr. N. Ramesh Rao
any of the topics related to the above mentioned.
Contact No. : +91 98450 68762

E-mail : n.ramesh.r@gmail.com
During the duration of the seminar period, pre program

events, post program sessions, poster sessions, special
and advanced workshops are envisioned Feasibility of
Hon. Secretary : Mr. S. V. Dilipan
conducting match making event associated with
Contact No. : +91 97394 39870
exhibition also exist.
E-mail : vrt.india@gmail.com
IIW awards the authors presenting the best paper in
Hon. Treasurer : Mr. S. Sebastian
different categories like research, fabrication,
Contact No. : +91 94482 24671
reclamation, automation, non ferrous welding, etc. In

addition IIW honors eminent professionals presenting
memorial lectures on contemporary topics.
WELD INDIA 2013 Exhibition Event Organiser :
There are numerous opportunities for sponsorship. All
CEC Exhibition and Events Pvt Ltd
sponsors are recognized prominently before, during and
Chingam, K P Vallon Road,
after the conference as leading supporters.
Kadavanthra, Kochi - 682 020
Organised By :
Ph: + 91 484 2320 290;

Fax : + 91 484 4064 135
Indian Institute of Welding , Bangalore Branch,
E-mail: mail@cecexpo.com
B-49, Devasandra Industrial Estate,
URL: www.cecexpo.com
Whitefield Road, Mahadevapura Post,

Bangalore 560 048, Karnataka
Tel. No. : (080) 28510978 / 28517030
E-mail : iiwbangalorechapter@gmail.com
LIST OF ADVERTISERS IN INDIAN WELDING JOURNAL

Vol. 45, No. 2, April 2012
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Ador Welding Ltd.

Automation India Welding Technology
Bohler Welding Group
Cotmac Industrial Tdg. Pvt. Ltd.
D & H Secheron
Devidayal Chemical Inds. Pvt. Ltd.
Don Bosco Maritime Academy
ESAB India Limited
Electronics Devices
FSH Welding
GEE Limited
Hoganas India Ltd.
20
Koike Sanso Kogyo Co. Ltd.

Mailam India Ltd.
MEMCO.
OTC Daihen India Pvt. Ltd.
Satkul Enterprises Ltd.
Sharp Tools
Spatter Cure Enterprises
Special Metals
Sur Iron & Steel Co.
Weldwell Speciality Pvt. Ltd.
Weldman Synergic Pvt. Ltd.
LIST OF NEW MEMBERS
List of New Members Elected during the 3rd & 4th General Purposes
Committee Meeting of The Indian Institute of Welding
A. Industrial Corporate Member
BHL/ICM/R-525
Bolster Engineering Solutions
BAR/ICM/R-526
Gujarat Infrapipes Pvt. Ltd.
MUM/ICM/R-527
Mehta Sanghvi& Co.
BAR/ICM/R-528
Baobardier Transportation India Ltd.
(Bogie Divn.)
B. Life Member
MUM/M/R-10846/L
MUM/M/R-10847/L
MUM/M/R-10848/L
KOL/M/R-10856/L
MUM/M/R-10857/L
BAR/M/R-10869/L
DEL/M/R-10871/L
MUM/M/R-10895/L
KOL/M/R-10900/L
BAR/M/R-10902/L
BANG/M/R-10904/L
CHN/M/R-10910/L
VishwasKeskar
Balasaheb Mate
Prasad Kakade
Manish Sahu
Ashish S. Baviskar
ShaikhNisarAhemadManjur Ahmed
JatinderSaini
VidhyadharLohar
Prabhat Kumar Bandopadhyay
Biswajit Mukherjee
SriharshaAthiala K. M.
A. Arumugam
Bhilai
Baroda
Mumbai
Baroda
Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai
Kolkata
Mumbai
Baroda
Delhi
Mumbai
Kolkata
Baroda
Bangalore
Chennai
C. Transfer from Life AM to Life M

BAR/M/R-9665/L
Kamal HarikrishnaDhandha
Baroda
D. Member
KOL/M/R-10852
DEL/M/R-10870
CHN/M/R-10876
CHN/M/R-10877
CHN/M/R-10878
CHN/M/R-10879
CHN/M/R-10880
KOL/M/R-10898
BAR/M/R-10901
Kolkata
Delhi
Chennai
Chennai
Chennai
Chennai
Chennai
Kolkata
Baroda
Goutam Chandra Karar

Dilbag Singh
K. Hari Krishna
RangasamySasidharan
G. SrinivasaRao
T. SrinivasaRao
G. Rajakumar
Amal Kumar Ray
VivekChavda
E. Life Associate Member

MUM/AM/R-10844/L
AjinkyaGodse
CHN/AM/R-10867/L
Sagai Francis Britto A.
F. Associate Member
KOL/AM/R-10849
Pramod Kumar Sanyal
KOL/AM/R-10850
PinakiBhattacharjee
KOL/BBSR/AM/R-10854BikashRanjanSahoo
DEL/AM/R-10865
COCH/AM/R-10882
COCH/AM/R-10883
BAR/AM/R-10887
CHN/AM/R-10888
BAR/AM/R-10889
DEL/AM/R-10890
BAR/AM/R-10894
Deepak Sharma
S. Sreehari
Kagesh Nikhil
Pradip Kumar K. R. Gajjar
E. Nandha Kumar
NileshBhangale
Ajay Arora
Chetan Kumar Shah
Mumbai
Chennai
Kolkata
Kolkata
Kolkata
(Bhubaneswar)
Delhi
Cochin
Cochin
Baroda
Chennai
Baroda
Delhi
Baroda
21
G. Life Associate Professional Member

MUM/APM/R-10845/L
AnandPralhadPuranik
MUM/APM/R-10851/L
V. Ramesh Koti
KOL/APM/R-10855/L
SwastidharPramanik
MUM/APM/R-10873/L
NalakathVeeramani
CHN/APM/R-10875/L
P. N. Udayasankar
CHN/APM/R-10884/L
K. S. S. ThanigaiArasu
KOL/APM/R-10892/L
SushantaSengupta
CHN/APM/R-10893/L
CH. Malathi Devi
MUM/APM/R-10896/L
VadirajaRao
Mumbai
Mumbai
Kolkata
Mumbai
Chennai
Chennai
Kolkata
Chennai
Mumbai
H. Associate Professional Member

KOL/BBSR/APM/
R-10859
Tapan Das
DEL/APM/R-10863
Anuj Kumar Kanchan
MUM/APM/R-10864
Ajay Chaurasiya
MUM/APM/R-10868
Sanjiv Vagal
KOL/APM/R-10872
RajibBiswas
COCH/APM/R-10885
P. C. Prakas
BAR/APM/R-10886
Padala V. V. S. N. S. Kumar
DEL/APM/R-10891
Jasmer Singh
MUM/APM/R-10897
Sandeep Kumar
DEL/APM/R-10899
Sukhmander Singh
Kolkata
(Bhubaneswar)
Delhi
Mumbai
Mumbai
Kolkata
Cochin
Baroda
Delhi
Mumbai
Delhi
I.
Life Associate
KOL/AS/R-10866/L
COCH/AS/R-10881/L
Bankim Paul
A. Prasad Kumar
Kolkata
Cochin
J. Associate
DEL/AS/R-10853
JAM/AS/R-10858
CHN/AS/R-10860
VIZ/AS/R-10861
VIZ/AS/R-10862
BAR/AS/R-10874
BANG/AS/R-10903
BANG/AS/R-10905
KOL/AS/R-10906
KOL/AS/R-10907
KOL/AS/R-10908
KOL/AS/R-10909
JAM/AS/R-10911
KOL/AS/R-10912
Ajay Kumar
Durgeshnandan Kumar
RajeshkannahVenkatesalu
A. V. SatyaDurga Prasad
Vinay Kumar Vinnakota
TejNarendraMachhar
K. H. Raju
ErachariAkkashali
BijanMondal
Md. Bappaditya SK
SujayGhosh
ShantanuDey
Chandrakant Sharma
RajarshiPahari
Delhi
Jamshedpur
Chennai
Visakhapatnam
Visakhapatnam
Baroda
Bangalore
Bangalore
Kolkata
Kolkata
Kolkata
Kolkata
Jamshedpur
Kolkata
REPORT ON NWTCS PROGRAMME & MES-SDI SCHEME

Report on NWTCS programme (National Welders' Training and Certification Scheme)
During the period January to March, 2012 NWTCS Certification had been conducted at the following ATIs for the MMAW (Standard
Level) course.
l
Ashmeet Institute of Welding Technology, Barnala, Punjab
l
Technocon Trg. Inst., Rajarhat, W.B.
Under IIW-India's National Welders Training and Certification programme, during January to March 2012, 2-new Institutes had
applied us for becoming IIW-India's Approved Training Institute for conducting NWTCS programme. They are
1)
2)
TVS Training and Services Pvt. Ltd., Ambattur, Chennai

New Mark Tehnical Centre, Thiruvottiyur, Chennai
Report on MES-SDI scheme of DGE&T, Govt. of India

As an Assessing Body under DGE&T, Govt. of India, during the period January to March 2012, IIW-India MAB conducted
assessment in the VTPs under various RDATs as follows:
1.
RDAT-Chennai
National ITC, Perambalur
Infant Jesus Polytech. College, Trichy
2.
RDAT-Faridabad
ITI - Kapurthala
GITI-Patiala
ITI Samrala, Punjab
ITI (SC)-Garhsankar
ITI-Solan
3.
RDAT-Hyderabad
Dolphin IIT, Kendrapara, Orissa
Naba Bharat Rural Devt. Society, Khammam, Karnataka
4.
RDAT-Kanpur
ITI Bahoriband, Katni, MP
5.
RDAT-Kolkata
Vidyasagar Tech. college, W.B.
ITI-Chhatna, Bankura, W.B.
I.T.I. Nagaon ,Assam
Quivan (India), W.B.
ITI - Howrah Homes
St. Vincent ITC, Asansol, W.B.
Bill Edgar Memorial, Bankura, W.B.
ITI-Jhargram, W.B.
6.
RDAT-Mumbai
Don Bosco, Narukot, Gujarat
ITI-Khed, Maharashtra
ITI-Surat, Gujarat
Vivekanand Institute of Vocational & Entrepreneurial Competence, Gujarat
Xavier Technical Training Centre, Gujarat
22
ANB NEWS
ANB India News

IWCP diplomas through the Transition route
Following the decision to extend the Transition Arrangements of ANB India at the IAB Group B meeting in July 2011,
7 more Transition courses were held from September 2011 to February 2012 for award of IWCP diplomas as detailed
in the table below :
IWE
IWT
IWS
IWP
Total No. of
Diplomas Awarded
Upto 2010
200
126
38
11
375
2011
28
36
21
87
2012
14
23
237
176
59
13
485
TOTAL
We are pleased to inform that the IAB group B in their meeting at Paris in January 2012 has taken a decision to further
extend the transition arrangement for ANB India upto 31st July 2012. In view of this a number of ANB refresher
courses have been planned starting from 30th April in Bangalore followed by Mumbai and Delhi.
IWCP diplomas through Standard and Alternate routes
The course for the second batch of 6 IWE and 1 IWT candidate by Standard Route commenced at the Cornerstone
Academy, Chennai from November 2011 and has been completed in mid March. The dates for the final examinations
have been fixed from 16th 21st April 2012. Three Alternate Route candidates would also be appearing for the final
examination at Corner Stone Academy at this time.
New ATB for International Welder course
Members will be pleased to learn that the ADOR Welding Institute, Pune has now received provisional approval as an
ATB for International Welder Course. They have started their first batch from February 2012.
Report on Welder Certification Activity
ANB India's welder certification activity has been progressing very satisfactorily and the following jobs were carried
out in the interim period.
Certification of 62 welders at Vendors of TELCON, Jamshedpur unit was completed for a total order value approx
Rs.3 lakhs. A further order for certification of 114 welders at vendors of TELCON, Dharwad unit has been received
recently, which will be executed in April '12.
In support of the Andritz Hydro ISO 3834 certification application to our ANBCC, certification of 16 of their welders as
per EN 287-1 was conducted by our authorised examiner at their Faridabad plant for a total order value of approx
2 lacs.
Apart from TELCON and Andritz Hydro some smaller welder certification jobs, including development of WPS and
WPQR testing, have been done for the following companies: Frontier Alloy Steels Ltd, Kanpur, Usha Telehoist Ltd,
Subtle weigh Electric Pvt Ltd., Oscar Equipments Pvt Ltd and Stone India Ltd.
23
THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF WELDING

(A Member Society of The International Institute of Welding)
Head Quarter & Regd. Office Address:
MAYUR APARTMENTS, Flat No. 4 B/ N, 3A, Dr. U. N. Brahmachari Streey, Kolkata - 700 017, INDIA
Phone: 91 33 2281 3208 | Telefax: 91 33 2287 1350
E-mail: indianwelding@vsnl.net | Website: http://www.iiwindia.com
AM - IIW Examinations : Summer Session, 2012

From June 11 to 14
SCHEDULE
Forenoon
10:00 A.M. - 1:00 P.M.
Date / Day
Afternoon
2:30 P.M. - 5:30 P.M
11.06.2012
(Monday)
1. AME - 01 : Elementary Mathematics

2. AME - 14 : Heat and Mass Transfer
3. AME - 19 : Testing and Quality Assurance
1. AME - 02 : Physics
2. AME - 15 : Welding and Allied Processes - I
3. AME - 21 : Welding Applications
12.06.2012
(Tuesday)
1. AME - 04 : General English

2. AME - 08 : Electrical Engineering and Electronics
3. AME - 17 : Computation Methods and Computer
Programming
1. AME - 06 : Industrial Sociology

2. AME - 09 : Material Science
3. AME - 18 : Weldment Design and Weld Procedure
13.06.2012
(Wednesday)
1. AME - 07 : Strength of Materials

2. AME - 11 : Engineering Drawing
3. AME - 23 : Welding Equipment and Consumables
1. AME - 05 : Applied Mechanics

2. AME - 13 : Welding Metallurgy - I
3. AME - 16 : Engineering Economics
1. AME - 03 : Chemistry
2. AME - 12 : Engineering Mathematics
3. AME - 20 : Welding Metallurgy - II
1. AME - 10 : Production Engineering

2. AME - 22 : Welding and Allied Processes - II
3. AME - 24 : Advanced Welding Technology
14.02.2012
(Thursday)
Last date for Receipt of Enrolment Forms : May 12, 2012
AM - IIW Examinations fees w.e.f. 01.06.2011

Sl. No
Type of Fee
(Rs.)
1.
Enrolment Fee
400.00
2.
Examination Fee per subject
350.00
3.
Examination Fee for Part D
1,500.00
WELDING - For Nation Biulding

24
AM - IIW
THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF WELDING

(A Member Society of The International Institute of Welding)
Head Quarter & Regd. Office Address:
MAYUR APARTMENTS, Flat No. 4 B/ N, 3A, Dr. U. N. Brahmachari Streey, Kolkata - 700 017, INDIA
Phone: 91 33 2281 3208 | Telefax: 91 33 2287 1350
E-mail: indianwelding@vsnl.net | Website: http://www.iiwindia.com
ANNOUNCEMENT
Winter 2011 AM-IIW Examination will be held during June 11 to 14, 2012 (Monday to Thursday) at different Centres where I.I.W.
Branches are located subject to the availability of candidates. The examination schedule and other related information will be sent
to all the enrolled candidates individually as well as to the Branches for information.
The last date for submission of the Registration Form and Enrolment Form for appearing at the examination, which will be
available from the Prospectus, is May 12, 2012. Details of rules, regulations, subjects, course content etc are available in the
Prospectus, which can be obtained from the IIW Head Office on payment of Rs.150/- by a Demand Draft favouring The Indian
Institute of Welding payable at Kolkata. Bound copies of question papers of two previously held examinations at a price of
Rs.225/- by Demand Draft are also available from the Head Office.
EXEMPTION AVAILABLE IN THE REVISED SYSTEM OF COURSE
QUALIFICATION
SUBJECTS EXEMPTED
10+2: with Maths, Physics, Chemistry
NIL
Diploma in Engineering
AME 1, AME 2, AME 3,

AME 5*, AME 7*, AME 8*, AME 11*
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc)
AME 1, AME 2, AME 3
Degree in Engineering or equivalent
AME 1 to AME 6,
*Also AME 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17
NOTE: * Provided the subject has been successfully completed during the Qualifying Examination (Column 1).
Exemption has to be claimed. In all claims, mark sheets must be produced to get exemption at the time of registration and
exemption would be given only, if all documents, to the satisfaction of the examination committee are received.
Prof. Joshi M. Das
Controller of Examination
SUBJECTS (REVISED SYLLABUS)
PART A
PART B
PART C
AME-1 : Elementary Mathematics
AME-7 : Strength of Materials
AME-16 : Engineering Economics
AME-2 : Physics
AME-8 : Electrical Engineering &

Electronics
AME-17 : Computation Methods &

Computer Programming
AME-3 : Chemistry
AME-9 : Material Science
AME-18 : Weldment Design & Weld

Procedure
AME-4 : General English
AME-10 : Production Engineering
AME-19 : Testing & Quality Assurance
AME-5 : Applied Mechanics
AME-11 : Engineering Drawing
AME-20 : Welding Metallurgy-II
AME-6 : Industrial Sociology
AME-12 : Engineering Mathematics
AME-21 : Welding Applications
AME-13 : Welding Metallurgy-I
AME-22 : Welding & Allied Processes-II
AME-14 : Heat & Mass Transfer
AME-23 : Welding Equipment &

Consumables
AME-15 : Welding & Allied Processes-I
AME-24 : Advanced Welding Technology
N. B. : Last Date for Enrolment : May 12, 2012.
WELDING - For Nation Biulding

25
GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS FOR SUBMISSION OF PAPERS

TO THE INDIAN WELDING JOURNAL
INTRODUCTION
Margins and Spacing
The Indian Welding Journal (IWJ) is the official journal of
The top, bottom, left, and right margins should be kept
the Indian Institute of Welding (IIW-India), and it is
one inch each, with justified format. Spacing should
published four times a year. Papers are invited in the
adhere to the following format:
areas of welding and allied processes for publication in
The body text of the paper should be single-spaced
the IWJ as per the following categories;
and fully justified in 11-point Arial font. Leave one line
a) Original papers
space between paragraphs, but do not indent the first

line of a new paragraph. Page numbers should be
b) Conference papers (For journal special issues, etc.)
centered at the bottom, and the first page should be
c) Critical assessments / Reviews
numbered.
d) Case studies / Application areas
Insert a line space after the final paragraph in a
section.
TITLE PAGE
First level heading should be consequently numbered
The title page should include:
like 1., 2., etc., left justified, all caps and bold. Insert
one line space before and after a first level heading.
The name(s) of the author(s)
Second level heading should be numbered
A concise and informative title
consequently like 1.1., 1.2., 2.1., 2.2., etc., left
The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the authors
justified, with running letter and bold, with one line
The e-mail address, telephone and fax numbers of
space above it.
the corresponding author
The heading of Abstract, Appendix and References
are to be all caps, 11-point, bold, and centered, with

ABSTRACT
two line spaces above, and one below.
An abstract should be of 150 to 250 words and it should
Figures and Tables
not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified
Figures and tables should appear close to their first
references
citation inside the text. Each table or figure should be

centered. Each table and each figure should have
KEYWORDS
centered titles that should be self explanatory. Table
Four (4) to six (6) keywords can be used for indexing
titles should go above the table and figure captions
purposes
below the figure. Leave one line space between the title
and the table or figure. Figures and tables are to be
numbered consequently. Refer these inside the text as
TEXT
Table 1 or Figure 1, etc. In addition, each figure should
Text Formatting
be given as separate file(s), naming the file as Fig 1, Fig
Manuscripts should be submitted either in PDF version or
2, etc. Figures (including photographs, line drawing,
in Word files.
etc.) must be clear and reproducible.
26
GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
REFERENCES
Authors will be asked to transfer copyright of the article
Citation
to the Indian Institute of Welding(IIW-India). This will
The list of references should only include works that are
ensure the widest possible protection and dissemination
cited in the text and that have been published or
of information under copyright laws.
accepted for publication. Reference citations in the text

should be identified by numbers in square brackets.
Some examples :
PEER REVIEW PROCESS
1. The effect has been widely studied [5-9,12]
Manuscripts of contributed articles submitted under

each category will be peer reviewed. Author(s) will be
2. The same results has been observed by Reddy et al.
communicated with the review results without revealing
[17].
the names of reviewers, and if needed, author(s) will be
Example
required to incorporate necessary changes in his/their
Badheka, V. J. and Albert, S. K. (2009); Improving the
manuscript for final acceptance. Typically, there are four
weld penetration by application of oxide coating in GTAW
review recommendations:
of P91 steel, Proc. Nat. Weld. Sem., Kolkata, India, p.18.

Sabiruddin K., Das
a) Publish as it is (accept),b) Minor revisions (conditional
S. and Bhattacharya A. (2009);
acceptance), c) Major revisions (revise and resubmit), d)
Application of the analytic hierarchy process for
Reject.
optimization of process parameters in GMAW, IWJ,
For further information /clarification please
42(1), pp.38-46.
contact
The Chief Editor
Indian Welding Journal
The Indian Institute of Welding
3A, Dr. U. N. Brahmachari Street,
Kolkata- 700 017.
Email: iwj.iiw@gmail.com
Website: www.iiwindia.com
APPENDICES AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Appendices, if needed absolutely, should be placed after
references section. Uses of appendices are not
encouraged, in general. Acknowledgment, appendices,
etc., if any, may follow the References section.
27
SUBSCRIBER'S FORM FOR INDIAN WELDING JOURNAL
[Established in 1966 with its' headquarters in Kolkata and 11 branches throughout the country, The Indian Institute
of Welding (IIW India ) is the premier professional institute on the joining of engineering materials and the only
member society of the International Institute of Welding in India. The Institute publishes quarterly journal viz.
Indian Welding Journal in technical association with American Welding Society (AWS)]
1.
Name of the Organization
2.
Address
3.
Email
4.
Duration for subscription
5.
Annual subscription fee Rs. 1000/-
6.
D.D./Cheque Details*
i)
D.D/Cheque No.
ii)
Amount
(* DD/Cheque is to be drawn in favour of The Indian Institute of Welding payble at Kolkata )
Date:
Signature
Mailing address:
The Indian Institute of Welding
Mayur Apartments, Flat No. 4 B / N,
3A, Dr. U. N. Brahmachari Street,
Kolkata 700 017, India,
Tel : +91 - 33 - 2281 3208,Tel / Fax : +91 - 33 - 2287 1350
Email : indianwelding@vsnl.net, iiw@iiwindia.com
78
G. Padmanabham - LASER-MIG Hybrid Welding of Thick plates of Mild Steel in Single Pass
LASER-MIG Hybrid Welding of Thick Plates of Mild Steel

in Single Pass
*
G. Padmanabham, #B.Shanmugarajan and *K. V. Phani Prabhakar
International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI),
Balapur P.O., Hyderabad 500 005, Andhra Pradesh, India, gp@arci.res.in.

#
Welding Research Institute, Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Tiruchhirappalli, Tamilnadu
ABSTRACT
Laser hybrid welding combines the deep penetration capability of laser beam and edge gap bridging capability
of an arc welding process such as MIG/MAG. In the present work, a 3.5 kW slab CO2 LASER -MIG hybrid welding
system was used to carry our laser hybrid welding studies with an aim to achieve butt welds of 12mm thick mild
steel plates in single pass. Bead-on-plate studies were carried out to first understand the effect of parameters
such as laser power, focal plane position of the laser, MIG wire feed rate, composition of shielding gas, distance
between laser and MIG arc on the weld penetration. The optimized parameters were then applied on butt welds
with Y-groove edge preparation with varying root face height and groove angle to identify suitable joint design.
Combining the results of bead-on-plate experiments and butt welding experiments, welding of 12 mm thick
mild steel plates in single pass could be achieved. The LASER-MIG hybrid butt welds so fabricated showed
100% joint efficiency and high bend ductility.
Keywords: LASER hybrid welding, 12 mm thick mild steel plate, single pass weld
ARCI is shown in Fig. 1b. Primary purpose of hybrid process is
1.0 INTRODUCTION
combining the deep penetration capability of laser and edge
LASER welding process is a well-known power beam process
bridging capability of laser. There are other advantages as well.
owing to its advantages such as high weld aspect ratio, high
Such as, possibility to change the fusion zone chemistry etc.
welding speeds, narrow weld and small weld/heat affected

zone (HAZ) resulting in good mechanical properties and high
when compared to laser welding and higher welding speeds
productivity [1,2]. However, laser welding demands high joint
and less usage of filler compared to MIG welding.
fit-up accuracies which are difficult to maintain in large scale
Consequently, the laser hybrid welds are deeper than MIG
production and in thick sections. To overcome this limitation,
welds and broader than laser welds. Fig. 2 compares cross
LASER-MIG hybrid welding (LHW) process has been developed
section macrographs of beads-on-plate produced by arc,
and is becoming popular in the recent times with applications
autogenous laser and hybrid welding on 12mm thick mild steel
in many fields such as aerospace, automotive, ship building,
plate. The arc weld shown in Fig. 2a is shallower than both the
pipelines, pressure vessels etc. LHW is a fusion welding
laser and hybrid weld pools shown in Fig. 2b and Fig. 2c,
process which combines laser and arc sources in such a way
respectively. The width of the hybrid weld is comparable to that
that the benefits of both welding processes are effectively
of the arc weld. Hybrid welding also provides enhanced
utilised. [3-8] Schematic of laser hybrid welding set up is
productivity and capabilities in excess of what can be achieved
shown in Fig. 1a and the actual laser hybrid arrangement at
by either laser or arc welding alone. While the process has
29
INDIAN WELDING JOURNAL Volume 45 No. 2 April 2012
(b)
(a)
Fig. 1 : (a) Schematic of laser hybrid welding; (b) Laser-MIG welding set up at ARCI
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig. 2 : Weld cross-section of (a) MIG, (b) Laser and (c) Laser-MIG hybrid welded mild steel specimens
many advantages, it is more complex compared either laser
welding of 10mm thick AISI 304 stainless steel plates. They
alone or MIG alone due to increased number of process
observed that minimum 30% helium content in gas mixture is
parameters to be controlled to be able to really get the
required to limit plasma formation. In India, there are no
synergistic effect of combining the two processes. For
investigations carried out on this process (to the best
example, if the arc generates too much plasma, all the laser
knowledge of the authors) until the Centre for Laser Processing
energy gets entrapped in it and none of it contributes to
of Materials at ARCI, Hyderabad set up the laser hybrid welding
penetrate the work piece. Similarly, when the distance
system (Fig. 1b) by integrating an existing 3.5 kW slab CO2
between the laser source and the MIG arc are not optimized,
laser and a pulsed MIG welding system a couple of years ago.
the synergy of the process cannot be achieved. Several
Information from laser hybrid welding practitioners is that an
researchers carried out investigations on effect of various
every 1 mm depth of penetration 1 kW of laser power is
process parameters to draw the best benefit from the process.
required. However, as the slab laser at ARCI has high beam
Ming Gao et al [9] studied microstructure characteristics of CO2
quality with capability to weld 7 mm thick steel plates in single
laser-MIG bead on plate welds on 7 mm thick mild steel. They
pass it was felt that it may be attempted to use the facility for as
showed that hybrid weld shape has wide upper zone (arc zone)
high thickness as possible. Accordingly, in the present study,
and narrow nether zone (laser zone) and the microstructure,
laser hybrid welding of low carbon steel plates (mild steel) of
alloy element distribution and microhardness all have evident
12 mm thickness was chosen, as the experience and data could
difference between arc zone and laser zone. Giovanni Tani et al
be useful for a wide variety of applications. It is attempted to
[10] examined the effect of different shielding gas
maximize the depth of penetration by optimization of welding
compositions and gas flow rates on CO2 Laser-MIG hybrid butt
parameters such as shielding gas, laser beam focal plane,
30
distance between the laser beam spot and MIG arc and MIG
laser hybrid welding parameters such as composition of torch
wire feed rate to reduce plasma shielding effects, increase
gas (50% Ar + 50% He, 45% Ar + 45% He + 10% CO2, 40% Ar
laser penetration, maximize synergistic effects of laser and arc
+ 45% He + 15% CO2 and 40% Ar + 40% He + 20% CO2), wire
welding processes and further enhance weld penetration and
feed rate (4 to 14 m/min), distance between sources (2 to 8
filling of the joint to be able to butt weld 12 mm thick plates in
mm), focal position of the laser with respect to the surface (2-6
single pass, with the available 3.5 kW laser power. Weld
mm below the surface), and the optimal parameters were
geometry and quality of the butt welds were evaluated by
subsequently applied on butt welding with Y-groove edge
metallography, tensile testing and bend testing.
preparation with various root face heights and included angles.

A laser power of 3.5 kW was used for all the experiments. A gap
2.0
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
2.1
Equipment
of 0.2 mm was maintained between the edges of the prepared

specimens. Before each weld, the laser beam in conjunction
with MIG was aligned with the joint, to ensure an equal and
The laser hybrid welding system comprised of Rofin DC035
constant amount of melting in both plates.
slab CO2 laser integrated with Kemmpi synergic pulsed MIG
2.4
Characterization
system. Laser beam in gaussian mode (TEM00) was focused
After visual inspection of the welds, dye penetrant testing was
using 300 mm focal length focusing mirror using a welding
conducted according to ASTM standard (ASTM E 165), to
head supplied by Precitec, which gives a focused spot size of
identify surface defects, if any. The weld bead on both face and
180 microns. The MIG system (Kemppi make) was integrated
root side was cleaned properly and penetrant sprayed on the
with the laser in such a way that the arc and laser can operate
weld area and allowed 15 minutes dwell time. The excess
together. MIG power source is attached with a Witt-
penetrant was removed by applying the cleaner. Then to view
Gasetechniks gas mixing unit which is capable of supplying
the defects, developer was applied and allowed to dry.
different mixtures with gases like Ar, He, N2, CO2 and O2. The
Metallographic specimens were prepared as per standard
flow rate of the gas mixture can be controlled by controlling the
procedures. Subsequently, the samples were etched using 2%
pressure at the outlet, which can be varied from 0.5 6 bar.
nital and the macrostructures were taken using a stereo
The gas mixture is passed through MIG welding torch and no
microscope. The bead geometry measurements like depth of
separate plasma/shielding gas was used for the CO2 laser. MIG
penetration, width of the weld, width of HAZ, etc were
welding was used in synergic pulsed mode.
conducted using image analysis software attached to the
2.2
microscope. The butt welds were subjected to transverse
Materials
tensile testing according to ASTM E8. Specimen schematics is
The filler wire was 1.2 mm dia. mild steel Cu coated wire of
shown in Fig. 3.
specification AWS ER 70S-6. The chemical composition of mild

steel and filler wire is given by weight percent (%) in Table 1.
Tensile testing was carried out using servo controlled Instron
Steel specimens of size 220 mm x 110 mm x 12 mm with
5584 machine at a cross head speed of 1 mm/min. All the
varying joint designs were used for laser hybrid butt welding
acceptable butt welds were subjected to root bend testing

according to ASTM E192 using specimens as shown in Fig. 4.
experiments.
2.3
The welds were subjected to only root bend test because it is
Methodology
more critical than the face bend tests. The testing was
Initially, bead-on-plate (BOP) welding experiments were
performed on a hydraulic controlled bend testing machine.
carried out on 12 mm thick mild steel plates to optimize the
Table 1: Chemical composition (wt %)
Grade
Mild Steel
Filler wire AWS ER 70S-6
Mn
Si
Fe
0.15
0.47
0.021
0.017
0.2
Bal.
0.07- 0.15
1.4-1.85
0.035
0.025
0.8-1.15
Bal.
31
Weld
63.5
63.5
R 15.0
12.7
19.0
57.2
Fig. 3 : Dimensions of the tensile test specimen in mm
WELD
38.1
152.0
Fig. 4 : Schematic of bend test specimen, dimensions in mm
3.0
3.1
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
here again. Cross sectional macrograph of typical laser hybrid

bead-on-plate weld is shown in Fig. 5. Nomenclature of
Bead-on-Plate (BOP) Welding
various geometrical features is also shown. It shows a typical
Although some of the results are reported in earlier works [11]
wine-cup shape: wide upper zone (arc zone) and narrow
of the authors, for the sake of better appreciation of the
nether zone (laser zone). This is similar to that reported by
process and completeness, some of the results are explained
other workers.
Fig. 6 shows the effect of torch / shielding gas combination on
weld penetration, due to laser and MIG. MIG penetration
decreased with increasing He content and reducing carbon
dioxide. This probably may be effect of reducing carbon
dioxide, which generally aids in more heat input as it is a
reactive gas. Laser penetration increased with increasing He
and reducing Ar and CO2. This may be attributed to reduced
plasma formation. It is well known that the plasma plume
formed in the weld zone traps the laser energy and causes
reduction in the power density and consequently reduction in
depth of penetration. Overall penetration is high when a
Fig. 5 : Cross sectional macrograph of a typical

laser-MIG hybrid bead on plate
minimum of 50% He is present in the shielding gas.
32
Fig. 7 shows the effect of distance between laser and MIG with
laser power of 3.5 kW, wire feed rate of 6 m/min (current of
172A and voltage of 29.3V) on weld bead geometry. As the
distance varied from 2 8 mm there is no significant change in
penetration. But, weld width increased. The experiments were
repeated at higher wire feed rate 14 m/min. The bead
geometry variations at two wire feed rates are compared in
Fig. 8. In both the cases increase in the distance between
sources resulted in decrease in depth of penetration. But, the
decrease is more significant at wire feed rate of 14 m/min than
(a)
at 6 m/min. At higher wire feed rates, due to increased current,

the arc plasma will be more compared to lower wire feed rates
which, can attenuate the laser beam resulting in loss of laser
energy. Further, beyond 4 mm distance between sources, at
low wire feed rates, the combined effect of the heat sources is
not seen and the penetration is by autogenous laser welding
only. However, at higher wire feed rates the combined effect of
the heat sources was not seen at a distance beyond 6mm. So,
optimum distance between laser and MIG seems to be 2-4 mm.
Fig. 8 also shows the effect of distance between sources on
bead width. There is an increase in bead width with increase in
(b)
distance but not as significant as on depth of penetration.

In laser keyhole welding, for thick section welding the laser is
focused below the surface of the material to obtain increased
depth of penetration. This effect in case of laser hybrid welding
is investigated. Fig. 9 shows the effect of focal plane position
on depth of penetration at different wire feed rates and
distance between sources. Increase in defocus of laser has
increased the penetration at higher wire feed rates and the
effect is more pronounced at distance between sources of 2
mm. However, in case of lower feed rates of 4 m/min, the total
(c)
penetration has decreased at a distance between sources of

Fig. 6: Effect of gas composition on
a) penetration due to MIG; b) penetration due to laser;
and c) and combined value as laser-MIG hybrid.
Welding parameters: Laser power-3.5 kW, Focal plane
position 4 mm below surface, MIG wire feed rate6m/min and Welding speed-1m/min
(a)
(b)
4 mm and has shown very marginal increase at a distance

between sources of 2 mm. At lower wire feed rates, the MIG
penetration will be less compared to high wire feed rates.
However, the increase in total penetration is only upto a
(c)
(d)
Fig. 7 : Laser hybrid weld cross-sections with varying distance between laser and MIG
a) 2mm, b) 4mm, c) 6mm and d) 8mm
35
Fig. 8 : Effect of distance between sources on a) Penetration depth and b) Top bead width
(a)
(b)
Fig. 9 : Effect of focal plane position on depth of penetration with different wire feed
rates and distance between sources a) 2mm and b) 4mm
Angle
defocus distance of 5 mm and beyond which again the

penetration decreases as the laser power density with respect
to the actual un-melted surface reduces.
Root Face
Based on the bead-on-plate studies, following parameters are

identified as most suitable to obtain single pass butt weld
Gap between plates
specifically for high depth of penetration:
Fig. 10 : Schematic view of various geometrical

considerations during butt welding
Laser Parameters: Power : 3.5 kW; Spot size : 180 microns;

Focal plane position : 5 mm below surface; and
Root gap was maintained at 0.2mm. As 6 mm laser penetration
MIG Parameters: Wire feed rate : 14 m/min; Shielding gas :
could be consistently obtained, Y-Grooves with 5 mm root face
50%Ar+50%He; Nozzle standoff : 15 mm.
(RF) were started with and groove angles of 8 and 16 were
3.2
chosen based on volume of the molten material. The
Butt welding
macrographs of single pass welds made at different groove
Having identified the welding process parameters, the next
designs with almost similar parameters are shown in Table 2.
requirement is to get a good butt weld with optimal joint design
At 8 groove angle, while the laser penetration is sufficient to
which can take advantage of laser penetration as well as edge
fuse the root, the filling by MIG process was not adequate
bridging and gap filling by MIG. Experiments were conducted
leaving a gap between the MIG part and the laser part. When
with 'Y' groove configuration (Fig. 10) by varying root face
the groove angle is increased to 16, with root face as 5 mm
heights and included angles.
similar gap was observed. Both the situations improved a little
36
Table 2 : Laser hybrid butt welds with different joints designs

Sample
No.
Joint
Design
Focal
Plane
position
from top
surface
(mm)
Welding Parameters
Welding
Speed
(m/min)
Laser
Power
(kW)
WFR
(m/min)
24
5 mm RF
16o angle
-9.0
3.5
14
25
5 mm RF
8o angle
-9.0
3.5
14
26
2.5 mm RF
8o angle
-9.5
3.5
14
27
2.5 mm RF
16o angle
-9.5
3.5
14
28
2.5 mm RF
16o angle
-9.5
0.9
3.5
14
Cross sectional
macrograph of the
laser hybrid welds
bit when focal plane was further lowered. The amount of
specimens failed away from the weld in the base metal. The
molten metal deposited by the MIG also seems to affect the
ductility of the welds as can be seen from the Table 3 was
laser penetration. Acceptable weld without defects could be
lower than the base material. The low ductility observed in the
obtained at a combination of 2.5 mm root face height and 16
welds could be due to overmatching weld metal causing strain
groove angle as seen in cross section of sample 27 in Table 2.
concentration on one side of the weld which started deforming
The tensile testing results are given in Table 3. All the
first. Specimens subjected to bend tests are shown in Fig. 11.

All the welds showed good bend ductility.
37
Table 3 : Tensile properties of base materials and laser hybrid welds
Specimen
UTS (MPa)
Elongation (%)
Location of fracture
Base Material
483.88
55.17
--
Single pass butt weld
486.62
43.21
Base metal
Fig. 11 : Bend tested laser hybrid welds
38
On the basis of parameter optimization to achieve maximum
4.
G. Campana, A. Fortunatao, A. Ascari, G. Tani and
depth of penetration in bead-on-plate studies and selection of
L. Tomesani: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2007, 191, 111-
joint design based on volume of metal to be deposited to fill the
113.
joint, sound butt welds could be obtained with repeatability.
5.
This result could be of great industrial significance as many

structures use sections in this thickness range and with this
6.
process it is possible to weld at higher welding speeds than

more studies need to be undertaken to establish the welding
7.
procedures.
48.
Butt welding of 12mm thick mild steel plates could be

9.
achieved in single pass by laser-MIG hybrid welding at a
Ming Gao, Xiaoyan Zeng, Jun Yan, Qianwu Hu,
laser power of 3.5 kW and a MIG wire feed rate of 14
Microstructure characteristics of laser-MIG hybrid
m/min and welding speed of 1 m/min.
welded mild steel, Applied Surface Science 254 (2008)

5715-5721.
Not only the welding parameters but the joint design is

10.
important in achieving sound joints.
Giovanni Tani et al, The influence of shielding gas in

hybrid LASER-MIG welding, Applied Surface Science 253
The laser hybrid joints showed 100% Joint efficiency and
(2007) 8050-8053.
180 bend ductility.

4.
T. Graf, H. Staufer, Laser-hybrid welding drives VW

improvements, Welding Journal, January 2003, pp. 42-
4.0 CONCLUSIONS
3.
R. S. Huang, L. M. Liu and G. Song: Mater. Sci. Eng. A,

2007, A447, 239-243.
8.
2.
B. Hu and I. M. Richardson: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2007,

A459, 94-100.
conventional processes and with one side access. However,
1.
G. Casalino, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2007, 191,

106-110.
11.
The above result could be of great significance in
B. Shanmugarajan, P. Rajesh, E. Krishanveni and

G. Padmanabham, Process and fusion behavior during
practical applications and more studies in that direction
CO2 laser MIG hybrid welding of thick section mild steel
can be taken up.
plates, Proceedings of the International Welding

Symposium (IWS 2k10), 10-12 February, 2010, Mumbai.
5.0 REFERENCES
1.
Xia M., Tian Z., Zhao L. and Zhou Y. N. 2008 Mater. Trans.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
4746
2.
3.
The authors extend their gratitude to Director, ARCI for
W. Walter, Duley: Laser Welding, John Wiley and Sons,
granting permission to publish this work. The authors also
New York, 1999, pp. 25-66.
thank Mr. E. Anbu Rasu for his assistance in experimentation
W. M. Steen: J. Appl. Phys., 1980. 51. 5636-5641.
and characterization.
39
Corrosion Fatigue behavior of Submerged Arc Welded high

strength steel used in Naval Structures
H. Das and T. K. Pal
Welding Technology Centre, Metallurgical & Material Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
d.hrishikesh@yahoo.com; tkpal.ju@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Corrosion prevention is a major concern for naval structures particularly for welded joint of high strength steel.
Although cathodic protection (CP) is still widely used to prevent corrosion of structural steels in marine
environment, effectiveness of CP has not been proven for structural steels with a yield stress above 400 MPa. In
the present investigation, high strength steel plate of DMR 249A was welded by Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
process and the corrosion fatigue tests were performed on weld metal in air and 3.5% NaCl solution at room
temperature with R ratio of 0.1 and a cyclic frequency of 0.01 Hz with and without cathodic potential. Optimum
cathodic potential for weld metal was also evaluated in unstressed condition from the minimum corrosion
coefficient among four potentials (under at -800, -875, -950, -1025) mV based on potentiostatic polarization
curves (Ecorr value) of weld metal. Corrosion fatigue results suggest that optimum cathodic potential data
(-875 mV) determined in unstressed condition could be used to improve the corrosion fatigue life of weld metal
used in naval structure.
Key words: High strength steel, SAW, Fatigue Crack Growth Rate (FCGR), Polarization Curve, corrosion
coefficient, Corrosion Fatigue.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
that paint damage will occur, has led to the use of secondary
systems, such as cathodic protection systems, to provide
Corrosion prevention is a major concern for naval structures.
additional defense against corrosion damage.
The primary methodology for corrosion control on ship hulls is

anti-corrosion epoxy coatings (paints). Anti-corrosion epoxy
Fatigue damage is one of the most important factors to be
coatings are typically multi-layer systems that are based on
considered in designing of large welded structures such as ship
detailed chemical evaluation of the base metal and the
hull. A ship structure has to withstand loads of different types
proposed operating environment. But no matter how good the
such as static loads and cyclic loads. For quasi-static wave
paint or coating system, or how well applied, these systems are
loads, a conventional life span of 108 considered to verify the
subjected to mechanical wear and damage, biological attack,
ship's design, a figure which corresponds approximately to a
improper application and aging with time. The end result is that
life span of 20 to 25 years [1]. The number of cycles can differ
there will be regions of exposed metal that were originally
for other loads (ice impacts, slamming impacts, vibratory
protected by coatings. In addition, there are multiple inlet and
responses etc.) and marine environment. Marine structures
outlet ports for various piping systems as well as other features
exposed to severe marine environment should be protected
of the ship on a ship hull. These features and the knowledge
against corrosion in an appropriate way. Cathodic Protection
40
H Das - Corrosion Fatigue behavior of Submerged Arc Welded high strength steel used in Naval Structures
(CP) is widely used to prevent corrosion of structural steels in
and dirt. The welding parameters are given in Table 3.
marine environment [2]. Most of the accidents occurred
The welds were first examined visually followed by X-ray
recently were associated with the corrosion of welding part and
radiography test. The sound welded joints were used to
hydrogen embitterment of marine structure steel under
prepare samples for metallography, tensile, charpy impact,
cathodic protection [3, 4]. Existing guidance on the design and
fatigue testing (at 0.01Hz) in air and in 3.5% NaCl solution with
construction of marine structure does not define the optimum
and without CP.
level of CP and notes that the effectiveness of CP has not been
2.1 Microstructure of base metal and Weldments
proven for structural steels with a yield stress above 400MPa

[5]. Thus, there is clearly a need to establish the optimum and
The metallography specimens of the weldments were ground
safe working limits of CP in realistic environments, if higher
and polished using standard method. The polished specimens
strength steels are to be more widely employed in marine
were etched with 2% nital. The microstructures were studied
structure.
under optical microscope (Carl Zeiss made: AX10 Imager A1m)
In the present investigation, high strength steel of DMR 249A
and photo micrographs were taken at different magnifications.
grade which is currently being used for ship construction in
2.2 Micro hardness of welded joint
stead of low carbon steel in India, has been welded by
Micro hardness was taken across the weldment using Vickers's
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) process and fatigue crack
hardness testing machine using a load of 100gm.
growth rate (FCGR) has been studied in air and in 3.5% NaCl
2.3 Preparation of Samples for FCGR
solution at cyclic frequency of 0.01 Hz with and without CP.
Single Edge Notch three-point bend sample specimens of 7.2

2.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
mm X 15 mm cross section and 80 mm length as per ASTM

E647 as shown schematically in Fig. 1 are used for Fatigue
The low alloy steel plate of DMR 249 A of size 300mm X 150mm
Crack Growth Rate (FCGR) tests in air and in environment.
X 15mm was used as base metal in this work. Chemical
FCGR tests were carried out on a 100 KN servo-electric
composition and mechanical properties of base metal are given
machine (INSTRON 8862) using software controlled
in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively.
decreasing K envelope with constant R-ratio (0.1) as per
Steel plates were made double V- Groove of 60 included angle
ASTM E647. The crack was monitored using a COD gauge with
and welded by submerged arc welding (SAW) process. Before
the help of da/dN software.
welding the plates were surface ground to remove the oxides

Table 1: Chemical composition of base metal
Material
Si
Mn
Cu
Ni
Cr
Mo
Nb
Al
Ti
Fe
DMR
0.10
0.24
1.6
0.018
0.02
0.312
0.688
0.21
0.02
0.015
0.02
0.016
Bal.
249
Table 2: Mechanical Properties of base metal
Base Metal
Plate thickness
Y.S (MPa)
UTS (MPa)
% El.
DMR 249A
15 mm
464
607
33
Table 3: Welding Parameters used in SAW process
Welding
process
Welding
position
Inter pass
temp.
Dia. of
filler wire
Welding
current (A)
Welding
voltage (V)
Welding
speed cm/min
Heat input
kj/mm
SAW
Downhand
150oC
3.2
600
32
30
3.84
41
shown in Fig. 2b along with Teflon sheet chamber of size 360

mm X 266 mm X 150 mm containing about 8 liters of 3.5% NaCl
solution were used. The inside of this container was lacquered
15.0000
and the rollers of the bend fixture were Teflon wrapped so that
3.750
10
40
40
undesirable chemical reaction is prevented. The pH of the bulk
7.5000
solution was monitored at regular intervals and was

maintained within 6-7 throughout the test. The corrosion
80
fatigue test was carried out at room temperature with R ratio of

0.1 and a cyclic frequency of 0.01 Hz.
60
Fatigue Crack Growth Rate (FCGR) tests were carried out on a

18.8599
30
1.5
90
100 KN servo-electric machine (INSTRON 8862) using

software controlled decreasing K envelope with constant R-
60
0.433
0.75
Fig. 1: Schematic diagram of 3 point bend sample
2.4
Potentiostatic Polarization
The potentiostatic polarization curves for base metal, weld

metal and HAZ were determined in 3.5% NaCl solution using
AUTOLAB PGSTAT 302 Potentiostatic machine at a scan rate of
0.5mv/s using Ag/AgCl electrode as reference and platinum as
counter electrode. Tafel's slopes were derived from the
polarization curve.
Fig. 2(a)
2.5 Cathodic protection without stress

Based on the Ecorr values of base metal, weld metal and HAZ
derived from polarization curves, four potentials for each zone
(base metal, weld metal and HAZ) were selected to study
cathodic protection .The cathodic protection curves for base
metal under (at -650, -725, -800, -875) mV, weld metal under
(at -800, -875, -950, -1025) mV and HAZ under (at-875, -950,
-1025, -1100) mV are evaluated. Corrosion coefficient for each
potential in each zone of weldment was evaluated and only
minimum corrosion coefficient for base metal, HAZ and weld
metal achieved for a given potential are found out. The
polarization potential, which attributed minimum corrosion
coefficient, were considered as an adequate cathodic
protection in corrosion fatigue test.
2.6 Corrosion Fatigue of Weld Metal
Fig. 2(b)
For corrosion fatigue tests, a specially fabricated inverted
Fig. 2: (a) Experimental set up and (b) Schematic diagram

of 3 point bend fixture fitted with corrosion chamber
three-point bend fixture shown in Fig.2a and schematically
42
Fig. 3: Microstructure of (a)Base Metal (b) Weld Metal and (c) HAZ in SAW process, X500
between 750 oC and 650 oC [7] and grows from grain boundary
ratio (0.1) as per ASTM E647. Crack lengths were measured

using a 10 mm gauge length crack opening displacement
ferritic as long needles which protrudes into the austenite
(COD) gauge fixed on integral knife edges machined samples
grains [6].
across the crack mouth.
Acicular ferrite starts to nucleate intragranulary at inclusions in

the transformation temperature range between 630 oC to 450
2.7 Fracture Surface Study
C simultaneously with or immediate after the formation of side
The Fracture surface of welded samples after FCGR tests in air
plate ferrite.
and corrosion medium at R =0.1 and cyclic frequency of 0.01

Hz was observed under SEM.
Acicular ferrite are promoted with (i) increased in prior

austenite grain size [6], (ii) with increasing element like C, Mn,
Mo and possibly Si & Ni [7, 10] by shifting the austenite
3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
decomposition transformation to large delay times [8, 9] and
3.1 Microstructure of base metal and Weldments
(iii) with favorable size, volume fraction and composition of non
Microstructures of base metal, weld metal and HAZ are shown
metallic inclusion [ 8, 11]. As a result of ferrite formation during
in Fig.3. Microstructure of base metal shows ferrite and
cooling in weld metal, carbon is continuously enriched with the
pearlite. Pearlite appears as banded structure. On the other
remaining austenite depending on cooing rate and weld metal
hand, weld metal consists of acicular ferrite, grain boundary
chemical composition. This carbon rich austenite may
ferrite, ferrite with aligned second phase along with veins of
transform to ferrite with aligned second phase or upper bainite
ferrite. The microstructure of HAZ reveals mostly grain
[6] which forms at temperature below 500 oC [7].
boundary ferrite with aligned second phase within prior
The final microstructure in weld metal depends on complex
austenite grain boundary.
interactions between several important variables such as
The microstructure depends primarily on the chemical
chemical composition (hardenability element), type, volume
composition and cooling rate. In weld metal, in addition to
fraction, size of inclusions, and cooling rate.
chemical composition and cooling rate, the presence of
3.2 Micro hardness of welded joint
inclusion plays an important role in influencing microstructure.

On cooling below AC3 temperature, ferrite will start nucleating
The micro hardness data across DMR 249 A welded joints are
initially at austenite grain corner and boundaries. Since these
shown in Fig.4. Weld metal shows higher hardness than base
sites generally provide lowest energy barrier to nucleation [6],
metal. The hardness of HAZ is in-between.
grain boundary ferrite (GBF) occurs over the temperature
3.3 Potentiostatic polarization
range 1000 oC to 650 oC [7].
Potentiostatic polarization study has been done for base metal,
With increasing degree of under cooling, further growth of
weld metal and HAZ shown in Fig. 5. From the potentiostatic
ferrite can take place by lateral movement of ledges along low
polarization curves corrosion rate and Ecorr have been
energy surface which is characteristics of widmanstatten side
evaluated and are given in Table 4.
plate ferrite structure [6]. Side plate ferrite (SPF) forms
47
Fig.4: Microhardness of welded DMR 249 A sample
Fig. 5 : Polarisation curve for

Base Metal,Weld Metal and HAZ
Table 4 : Electrochemical data derived from the

polarisation curve
Specimen
Ecorr (V)
Corrosion Rate
(mm/year)
Fig. 6: Cathodic protection curve for Base Metal

(at -500, -550, -600, 650) mV, Weld Metal
(at -550, -650, -750, -850) mV and HAZ
(at -650, -750, -850, -950) mV
Base Metal
-0.498
0.25
Weld Metal
-0.516
0.3
HAZ
-0.570
2.34
It is clearly observed from Table 4 that corrosion rate is
coefficient for base metal, HAZ and weld metal achieved for a
maximum in HAZ followed by weld metal and base metal in that
given potential. The polarization potential, which attributed
order. Although the base metal and HAZ posses similar
minimum corrosion coefficient, were considered as an
composition, higher corrosion rate in HAZ is likely due to
adequate cathodic protection in corrosion fatigue test.
alteration of microstructure and residual stress developed
3.5
during welding. Again, the improvement of corrosion resistant
In the present investigation, fatigue test in air and environment
in weld metal compared to HAZ is probably due to higher
was performed only in weld metal considering this part
amount of copper. On the other hand, inferior corrosion
associated with more accident under corrosion. A comparison
resistant in weld metal compared to base metal is probably due
of fatigue crack growth behaviour of weld metal in air and
to segregation effect which is encountered during welding.

3.4
Corrosion Fatigue of Weld Metal
3.5% NaCl solution, both unprotected and at the cathodic
Cathodic protection without stress
potential based on minimum corrosion coefficient, for R=0.1
Based on the Ecorr values of base metal, weld metal and HAZ,
and cyclic frequency at 0.01Hz is shown in Fig.7.
four potentials for each zone of weldment were selected to
Corresponding cathodic protection curve (at -875 mV) of DMR
study cathodic protection. The cathodic protection curves for
(249A) Weld metal under fatigue loading is shown in Fig. 8.
base metal under (at -650, -725, -800, -875) mV, weld metal
The results as shown in Fig.7 indicate that the crack growth
(at -800, -875, -950, -1025) mV and HAZ (at -875, -950,
resistance of weld metal is inferior in 3.5% NaCl solution to that
-1025, -1100) mV shown in Fig. 6.
of in air. The fatigue crack growth behavior of weld metal in
In each zone of weldment, corrosion coefficient for each
3.5% NaCl solution further show significant improvement of
potential was evaluated and only minimum corrosion
crack growth resistance under CP over free corrosion.
48
Fig. 8: Cathodic protection (at -875 mV) of DMR (249A)

Weld metal under fatigue loading
Fig.7: FCGR behavior of Weld Metal in Air, Free Corrosion

Medium and with Cathodic Potential
The fatigue life enhancements from CP has been attributed by
opening part of each stress cycle [19, 20 and 21]. The entry of
some authors to calcareous deposits (mainly CaCO3 and Mg
the hydrogen promoted into the metal which transported
(OH)2) within the nascent crack. This calcareous deposit was
under the driving force of the stress gradient to the region of
considered to form wedge at the crack tip, reducing the
higher dilation ahead of the crack leading to hydrogen
effective stress range, thus the early stages of crack growth are
embrittlement. The above arguments on susceptibility to HIC
significantly delayed [12, 13]. However, similar behavior has
under cathodic polarization, however, fails to explain the
been observed on plain tensile specimen tested in 3.5% NaCl
decrease in corrosion FCG rate for applied cathodic potential of
where calcareous deposits do not occur [14]. It appears that
-875 mV in the present study. Recent observation on the effect
the benefits of CP on fatigue crack growth rate, probably
of cathodic polarization indicated that crack growth rate
arising, from suppression of the metal dissolution process
accelerates when Kmax exceeded certain critical values

corresponding to conditions when sufficient hydrogen has
[14, 15].
occurred at a certain characteristic distance [22, 23] ahead of
In aqueous environments, anodic dissolution of metal at the
the crack.
crack tip and the entrance of hydrogen derived from the

environment [16] into the crack-tip plastic zone occur
This will attain the critical combination of stress state and
simultaneously during corrosion fatigue crack propagation.
hydrogen concentration [24]. In line with the above findings, it
Depending on mechanical (stress level, mode of loading, cyclic
is reasonable to believe that Kmax in the present study does
frequency, stress ratio, wave form), metallurgical (chemical
not cross the critical value. Fujii and Smith [25] found that the
composition, microstructure, grain boundary composition /
fatigue crack growth rate acceleration occurred at a stress
orientation) and environmental (composition and concen-
intensity range K exceeded 30-40 MPam at R=0.1 for the
tration of solution, pH, potential, dissolved oxygen,
high strength HY 130 steel in 0.6 M NaCl solution. The result
temperature, flow rate) variables, one of the two mechanisms
obtained in this study conceive a possibility for similar
play a dominant role in crack propagation. It should also be
mechanism in decelerating effect of cathodic polarization on
noted that the intensity of anodic and or cathodic reactions in
crack growth rate up to K of 32-35 and R = 0.1. Furthermore,
the vicinity of the crack tip, the hydrogen dependant properties
the dominant mechanism in corrosion fatigue crack
of material and the hydrogen content in the crack tip zone also
propagation was supported by fractographic observations.
determine the controlling corrosion FCG mechanisms.
Transgranular fracture mode and some evidence of inelastic
An increased generation of hydrogen under cathodic
incremental crack advance occurring along the grain
polarization enters into metal on the external surface of the
boundaries revealed in weld metal as shown in Fig.9 also
specimen [16] and within the growing crack [17, 18]. FCG
suggest that the critical combination of stress state and
provides local breakdown of the passive film at the crack tip
hydrogen concentrations has not been achieved ahead of the
surface and produce a bare (film free) metal surface during the
growing crack.
49
Fig. 9: Fatigue Fracture surfaces of Weld Metal
It has also been reported that sufficient or critical protection
6.0 REFERENCES:
potential was closely related to the tensile strength of steels
1.
and the sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement increased
Cyclic Fatigue of Steel Ship welded joints by Bureau

Veritas: IIW/IIS DOC XIII 1169-85.
markedly with their strength [26, 27]. Previous work reported

2.
that the potential required to achieve full protection of carbon
C. Batt and M. J. Robinson: British Corrosion Journal,

2002, Vol 37, No.1, pp. 31-36.
manganese steels in aerated seawater is widely considered to

be 800 mV (Ag/AgCl) and this value is supported by DnV [28]
3.
and NACE [29]. However, recommended potentials range
N. Rothwell and M. E. D. Turner : Mater. Performance,

1990, p.58
between 750 and 830 mV (Ag/AgCl) [30]. The present steel
4.
of DMR249A being higher strength than carbon manganese
K. A. Lucas and M. J. Robinson: Corrosion Science, 1986,

vol.26, no.9, pp 705-717.
steel, applied potential of -875mV could be considered as an

5.
appropriate in protecting the weld metal.
C. Lindley and W. J. Rudd: Marine Structures, 2002,

vol.14, pp. 397-416.
4.0
CONCLUSION
6.
O. Grong and D. Matlock, Micro structural development

in mild and low alloy steel weldmetal, International Metal
1. The crack growth resistance of weld metal is inferior in
Review, 1986, Vol 31, No 1, pp. 27-48.
3.5% NaCl solution to that of in air.

7.
2. Optimum cathodic potential in unstressed condition was
D. J. Abson and R. J. Pargeter, Factors influencing the as

deposited strength, microstructure and toughness of
evaluated from the minimum corrosion coefficient among
manual metal arc welds suitable for C-Mn steel
four potentials based on Ecorr value.
fabrication, International metals Review, 1986, Vol.31,
3. Preliminary results from the corrosion fatigue tests on weld
No 4, pp-141-194.
metal in 3.5% NaCl solution at R=0.1 and cyclic frequency
8.
of 0.01 Hz suggest that optimum cathodic potential data
J. Jang and J. E Indacochca, Inclusion effects on

submerged arc weld micro structure, Journal of Material
(-875mV) determined in unstressed condition could be
Science , 1987, Vol 22, pp 687-700.
used to improve the corrosion fatigue life of weld metal in

naval structure.
9.
S. Liu, D. L. olon, S. Ibarra and O. Runnerstam, oxygen as

a welding parameter the role of light-metallography ASW
International 1993, vol.20, pp-31-44.
5.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
10. L. E Svensson and B. Gretoft, Micro structural and Impact
The authors would like to thank Naval Research Board for

financial support of the work and Mr. Suvasis Mukherjee for his
toughness of C-Mn weldmetal, welding journal, 1990, Vol
help in corrosion fatigue test experiment.
12, Dec , pp.454-461.
50
11. S. Liu and D. L. oho, The role of inclusion in controlling
fatigue crack propagation rate. ISI. Int. 31, 1991, pp. 870-
HSLA steel weld microstructures, Welding Journal, 1986,
874.
Vol 66, June , pp. 139s i49s.
22. P. Doig, and G. T. Jones, A model for the initiation of
12. O Vosikovsky , WR. Tyson Effects of cathodic protection
hydrogen embrittlement cracking at notches in gaseous
on fatigue life of steel welded joints in seawater.
hydrogen environments. Metall.Trans.8A, 1977,pp.1993-
Proceedings of the CANMET Workshop, Halifax, Nova
1998
Scotia, September 1986. pp. 1-43.
23. K Akhurst,. A criterion for hydrogen induced fracture. In:
13. UKORSP 11, Summary Report.
Advances in Fracture ResearchFracture 81, Vol.4 (Edited

by D. Francois, et.al.) Pergamon Press, oxford, (1982)
14. H. Hu Fatigue and corrosion fatigue crack growth
pp.1899-1907.
resistance of RQT 501 steel. PhD thesis, Department of

Mechanical Engineering, University of Shefield, August
24. A. R Troiano The role of hydrogen and other interstitials in
1997.
the mechanical behavior of metals. Trans. ASM52, (1960),

pp.54-80
15. YZ Wang, RA Akid, KJ. Miller The effect of cathodic

polarization on corrosion fatigue of a high strength steel in
25. C. T Fujii,. and J. A Smith,.) Environmental influences on
salt water. Fatigue Fract. Engg. Mater. Struct. 1995;
the aqueous fatigue crack growth rates of HY-130 steel.
pp.18(3):293,303.
In: corrosion Fatigue. Mechanics Metallurgy, Electrochemistry and Engineering, ASTM STP 801.American
16. T. G Owe Berg,. (1960) kinetics of absorption by metals of
society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1983,
hydrogen from water and aqueous solutions, Corrosion
pp.390-402.
16, pp.198t-200t.
26. H H Lee, H H Uhlig: Corrosion fatigue of type 4140 high
17. A. Turnbull, and M. Saenz de Santa Maria, predicting the
strength steel, Metal Trans., 1972; 3, p.2949 57.
kinetics of hydrogen generation at the tips of corrosion

fatigue cracks in structural steel cathodically protected in
27. Vasilenko II; Kapinos VI: the role of adsorption,
sea water.corros.Sci.26,1988, pp. 601-628
dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement processes during

the fatigue failure of steels in aggressive environment
18. T. Zakroczymski, Entry of hydrogen into iron alloys from

the liquid phase. In: Hydrogen Degradation of Ferrous
28. Det Norske Veritas, Cathodic Protection Design, Veritas
Alloys,(Edited by R. A.Oriani, J. P. Hirth and M.
recommended practice RPB 401,March 1986.
Smialowski), Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, 1985,
29. National Association of Corrosion Engineers, control of
pp.215-250
corrosion of offshore steel pipelines, NACE publication RP-
19. D. A. Jones, An unified mechanism of stress corrosion
06-75 (Houstan, Texas), 1975.
fatigue cracking. Metall.Trans.16A, 1985, pp.1133-1141.
30. J. N. Wanklyn, Input data for modeling Marine Cathodic
20. H Masuda,. and S. Nishijima, Application of scratching
protection ,cathodic protection theory and practice, Eds V.
electrode method for corrosion fatigue. Trans. Nat. Res.
Ashworth & C. J. L. Booker, Publ Ellis Horwood, 1986,
Inst Met.29, 1987, pp.44-50.
pp. 68-77.
21. M Shimojo, Y Higo. and S Nunomura. Relation between

the amount of fresh bare surface at the crack tip and the
51
In-situ repair of multiple cracks present in the RTJ groove of

high pressure hydrogen bearing DHDS reactor by welding
Swapan Kumar Bagchi, Chief Inspection Manager, Haldia Refinery, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd,
Kaushik Boral, Inspection Manager, Haldia Refinery, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd,
Amit Kumar Mishra, Inspection Engineer, Haldia Refinery, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd,
ABSTRACT
This article describes a detailed repair procedure with necessary heat treatment involving the repair of multiple
cracks in the Ring type joint (RTJ) groove of top man-way flange observed during the first internal inspection of
the Reactor (25-R-01). Detailed site inspection and laboratory investigations, including visual inspection,
thickness measurements, metallographic analysis, hardness testing of RTJ groove and RTJ gasket, Dye
Penetrant testing, cladding disbonding testing by ultrasonic method, ferrite number measurement etc., were
performed to identify the cause and mechanism of damage. Various factors like Stress corrosion cracking,
Hydrogen induced cracking, sigma phase formation, have been involved with respect to the operating
conditions of the equipment. In view of the above observations and ascertaining the severity of the overall
damage of the Reactor, the in-situ repair methodology by welding was developed & repair jobs were
successfully undertaken.
Keywords: Disbonding testing, Cladding, Dye penetrant testing, ferrite number
1.0
INTRODUCTION
2.0
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Diesel Hydro De-Sulphurisation (DHDS) unit in Haldia Refinery
The technical specifications of 1st reactor (25-R-01) are as
removes the Sulphur from the sour diesel feed coming from the
follow:
atmospheric distillation units (Crude distillation units). In

DHDS unit, two numbers of reactors (25-R-01 and 25-R-02) are
present. During the first internal inspection of the Reactor (25R-01) at the time of Maintenance and Inspection (M&I) shut-
Manufacturer
M/S Larsen & Toubro Ltd.
Design Temperature oC
440/177
down of DHDS, since the commissioning (after 10 yr) the
(Internal/External)
multiple cracks with Circumferential and transverse branches

were observed in the RTJ groove of top man-way flange
Operating Temperature oC
410 Max
locations. Detailed internal inspection, including thorough
Design Pressure, Kg/Cm2g
52 / Full vacuum at 177 OC
visual inspection, thickness measurements, metallographic

analysis, hardness testing of RTJ groove and RTJ gasket, Dye
Operating Pressure Kg/
Penetrant testing (DP testing), cladding disbonding testing by
Cm2g
44
Corrosion allowances
NIL (3 mm cladding)
In view of the above observations and ascertaining the severity
Linings
SS-347 Cladding (3 mm)
of the overall damage of the reactor, repair methodology by
Shell
ultrasonic method, ferrite number measurement etc., were

carried out to identify the cause and mechanism of damage.
welding was developed for suitable in-situ repair of observed
SA 264(SA 387 Gr. 11 CL.2

+ SA 240 TP 347)
multiple cracks in the RTJ groove.
52
TECHNICAL REPORT
3.0
OBSERVATIONS
The reactor was offered for inspection after unloading of

catalyst and completion of passivation. Apart from thorough
visual inspection, the Non Destructive Testing (NDT) like D.P.
testing and hardness measurements of RTJ groove, gaskets,
Ultrasonic Examination of welds and cladding disbonding
testing by ultrasonic method, In-situ metallography were
carried out. During the dye penetrant testing (DP test) of RTJ
groove after opening of man way flange and RTJ gasket,
multiple cracks with circumferential and transverse branches in
the RTJ groove location were observed (Fig. 1).
As the presence of multiple cracks of such dimension cannot be
allowed to operate at the high pressure hydrogen bearing
reactor with respect to the operating conditions, the multiple
cracks at the RTJ groove were repaired by in-situ welding and
machining in urgent basis to minimize the shutdown time of
unit.
4.0 PREPARATION FOR WELDING PROCEDURE
The developed repair procedure was qualified, before applying
in reactor was tested with a test coupon, as per the recognized
code such as ASME sec IX, using an experienced welder. The
records of procedure qualification as well as performance
qualification were duly maintained. The procedure qualification test coupon was made using the same P-Number base
Fig.1: The cracks at RTJ groove in the
schematic drawing of Reactor
metal, cladding, and welding process, and filler metal

combination, as per ASME Sec-IX. The dye penetrant test (DP
test) was carried out under the supervision of ASNT level-II
certified inspector with the acceptance criteria of Appendix 8 of
5.0 REPAIR OF REACTOR AS PER APPROVED
ASME Sec. VIII Div 1.
PROCEDURE
In view of the above observations and ascertaining the severity
l
Dressing
of affected locations by grinding of above
of the overall damage of the Reactor with the help of some
mentioned damaged locations was carried out to facilitate
expert's views, welding procedure was finalized and qualified
further operations. However, necessary precautions were
for repair of defects.
Fig. 2 : Multiple cracks observed at RTJ groove of the top manway flange (A) Outer side of RTJ manway flangecircumferential cracks with transverse cracks (B) Inner side of RTJ manway flangecircumferential cracks
with transverse cracks (C) Outer side of RTJ manway flangecircumferential cracks
53
ensued for not to reduce weld overlay thickness any

further during the dressing.
l
Then
D. P. testing was carried out to assess the nature of
defect.
l
Progressive
machining (maximum 0.5 mm metal removal
in one cut) was carried out and subsequent DP test was

carried out, after every 0.5 mm of machining, for removal
of defects (Fig. 3).
l
Progressive
machining (maximum 0.5 mm metal removal
in one cut) was carried out until DP test was clear.

l
Checking
Fig. 3: In-situ machining at RTJ groove

of man-way flange to remove cracks
with CuSO4 solution testing was carried out to
confirm the material (stainless steel weld overlay or low

alloy steel) at the depth of cutting and measure accurate
dimensions of balance groove at the grinding locations.
l
Preheating was
done at 125 oC using gas burners and hold
for minimum one hour (1 hr) before start of welding.

Temperature was monitored using temperature crayons.
l
Subsequent
layer of weld overlay was carried out using E
347 electrode (3.2 mm dia) by SMAW process to achieve

required finished groove dimensions and also welded
extra thickness to take care of machining allowance.
Welding parameter used : current: 80-120 A, Voltage: 22-
Fig. 4 : Final polishing with lapping
28 V and interpass temperature of 175 oC .

l
Post
weld heating was carried out at 300 - 350 oC for 2 hrs
before cooling below preheating temperature.

l
DP test
was carried out before start of machining as per
acceptance criteria: Appendix 8 of ASME Sec VIII Div 1.

l
After
weld build-up and completion of DP test, in-situ
machining as per measurement was carried out.

l
Post heating was carried out at 300-350
l
After
C for 2 hrs.
repaired by welding followed by grinding, final
polishing with lapping was carried out (Fig. 4). At last,

Fig. 5 : Final D.P. testing after lapping to identify
significant indications, if any
final D. P. testing was carried out to identify significant

indications, if any (Fig. 5).
6.0
CONCLUSION
No crack was observed (Fig. 5). After commissioning of the
The complete in-situ repair job was carried out as per the
reactor, no leakage was observed from repaired RTJ flange. By
developed and qualified welding procedure. After completion
employing this in-situ repair methodology, the repair could be
of repair, final polishing with lapping was carried out followed
successfully accomplished within the scheduled shutdown
by final dye penetrant test for presence of crack in RTJ groove .
period of the unit.
54

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Indian Welding Journal

Dr. Shaju Albert

Representing American Welding Society

Dr. Stan David, Corporate Fellow and Group leader (Rtd.)

Professor W. Fricke, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany.

INDIAN WELDING JOURNAL Volume 45 No.2 April 2012

DON BOSCO MARITIME ACADEMY(D.B.M.A.)

Hands On Workshop Skills Training Courses

Major Welding Processes Training in All Positions

WE DO TRAIN MANPOWER AT YOUR SITES (INDIA & ABROAD)

We now also have started a Training &

GLOBAL STANDARD TRAINING AT INDIAN COSTS

INDIAN WELDING JOURNAL Volume 45 No.2 April 2012

HONY. SECRETARY GENERAL'S DESK

proposed by Shri Ajay Bedi, Hony. Sec. (IIW-BB) & DGM

BHILAI BRANCH ACTIVITY REPORT

Shri S. K. Bansal, AGM (Project) & Hony. Treasurer (IIW-

Workshop on Stainless Steel Welding held at

BB); Shri R. K. Bisare, AGM (Plate Mill) and Shri M. R. K.

Shariff, AGM (SGP) contributed effectively to make the

A one day workshop on Stainless Steel Welding was

jointly organized by Bhilai Steel Plant and the Indian

CHENNAI BRANCH ACTIVITY REPORT

The workshop was inaugurated by Shri C. S. Sharma, GM

1st January to 29 th February, 2012

(Safety & Fire Services) BSP and presided over by

Shri Debasish Thakur, GM (Utilities) BSP & Vice President

IIW-India, Chennai Branch organised one evening

technical lecture on 04.01.2012 at MDL Seminar

At the outset Shri Thakur welcomed the dignitaries &

Hall, IGCAR Kalpakkam on the topic. Welding of

delegates and apprised them with the aim & objective of

Stainless Steels by Prof. Dr. S. Sundaresan,

Formerly L&T Welding Chair, MS University Baroda

While delivering his opening speech, the chief guest Shri

attended the lecture and many young engineers &

C. S. Sharma lauded the efforts put in by the organizers

scientists were benefited by the lecture.

to organise the workshop. Speaking on the subject he

II . Evening Technical Programme

emphasised that Stainless Steels are becoming the

An evening technical programme on Shielding

resistance is a necessity. Its cutting and welding

gases for light and heavy Welding applications

processes are equally important in terms of quality, cost,

involving high alloy steels: Optimization of Cost and

durability and safety. He urged all the participants to

Productivity was held at the Hotel Radha Regent,

make full use of the knowledge & experience being

Arumbakkam, Chennai. The event was held on the

shared during the workshop by the distinguished faculty.

hours to 20.30 hrs. Around 75 delegates parti-

The faculty, a renowned expert on the subject from

cipated from industries & academic institutes.

Delhi College of Engineering, Dr. C. K. Datta covered

Eminent speaker Sri. Chritsoph Matz, EWE, from

various aspects of Stainless Steel Welding including

Linde AG delivered the technical lecture.

types of stainless steel, various welding methods used in

Sri. J. Joseph Amalraj, Sr. Deputy General Manager

SS welding, Ni & Cr equivalent, sheffelar diagram,

& Head QM, Hydrocarbon & Power, Engineering &

plasma arc cutting and safety during welding etc.

Construction Division, Larsen & Toubro Limited,