Digital electronics

NUMBER SYSTEM:

Binary numberoctal numbersdecimal numbershexadecimal

numbers
Bcd(binary coded decimal), excess-3, bco(binary coded octal),
bch(binary coded hexadecimal), fixed point and floating point
representaion, integer range, 1s compliment, 2s complement,
weighted codes.

BOOLEAN ALGEBRA & K-MAPS:

Boolean postulates-and, or, not functions

Boolean properties- and, or
Cumulative law, associative law, distributive law, absorption law,
demorgans law, literal.
Solving logic circuit using- Boolean properties, k-maps, tabulation
method
Duality principle, minterm, maxterm, canonical form(sop or pos
form)

LOGIC GATES:

Basic gates- AND, OR, NOT

Universal gates- NAND, NOR
Specific gates- XOR, XNOR
Positive level logic system, negative level logic system
Constuction of all logic gates with NAND and NOR gates
Bubble system

LOGIC GATES FAMILIES:

Different logic gate families

RTL(resitor transmiter logic )
DTL(diode transistor logic)
TTL(transistor transistor logic)
Diff versions- 74/54L(low
power)/Hl/LS/S(schotty)/AS(advanced S)/ALSL
Voltage- 74series- 5v +- 0.25v, 54series- 5v +- 0.5v.
ECL(emitter coupled logic)voltage -5v+- 10%(10000series)
IIL(integrated injection logic)
MOS(metal oxide semiconducter)
CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor)-4000series
DCTL(direct coupled transister logic)
RCTL(resistor coupled transistor logic)

HTL(high thrishold logic)

Fan out, fan in, propagation delay, power dissipation, noise margin,
figure of merit, logic swing, saturation logic, unsaturation logic,
voltage parameters of digital ICS.
Passive pull-up , active pull-up, tri-state logic.
Comparision of different logic gate families

COMBINATIONAL DIGITAL CIRCUITS

Combinational logic circuits are HALF ADDER, FULL ADDER, HALF

SUBTRACTER, FULL SUBTRACTER, DECODER, MULTIPLEXER,
DEMULTIPLEXER, ENCODER, RIPPLE CARRY ADDER, ROM.

SEQUENTIAL DIGITAL CIRCUITS

Latches, flip-flops( S-R flip flop, J-K flip flop, D-flip-flop, T-flip flop),
setup time, hold time
Registers and shift registers(SI-PO, SI-SO, PI-SO, PI-PO), universal
shift registers, applications of shift registers(S to P conversions, P-S,
sequence generator, M and D, RC and TRC, DDL),
Counterssynchronous and asynchronous

SEMICONDUCTER MEMORIES

Primary memory or main memoryROM, RAM(static and dynamic)(semiconductor memories(ICs) ).

Secondary or auxiliary memoryhard disk, floppy disk, magnetic
tape.
Memory device parameters and characteristics
Access time
Access rate
Access model
Random access
Sequential access
Alterability
Volatile memory and non-volatile memory

A/D AND D/A CONVERTERS

d/a convertersbinary weighted registers and R-to-R ladder type(a

linearity and d/a resolution).
Setting time of DAC, monotonicity, ADC resolution.