LTE Radio Network

Planning Introduction
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Agenda
1

LTE RNP Overview

LTE RNP Dimensioning

Coverage Dimensioning
Capacity Dimensioning

Active User Dimensioning

S1&X2 Dimensioning

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Page 2

LTE Network Life Cycle

100
90
80
70
60
50

Optimization after
commercial launch

45

48

30

33

36

39

Number of Sites

42

15

18

21

24

27

12

40
30
20
10
0

Mature Network

RNP is the first and

important step in the LTE
network life cycle.

Launch

Existing Site Resources

LTE Radio Network Planning
Pre-Launch
Radio Optimization

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Huawei RNP Guideline

3C1Q theory
Coverage

Capacity

Seamless coverage gives

operators a competitive
advantage.
Coverage from the
outdoor to the indoor
Wider coverage saves
investment

Cost

Limited radio frequency

resource requires capacity
improvement
Data Service requires much
more resource

Quality

Network quality competition among operators

Higher requirement of network quality from subscribers

1.

2.

3.

4.

RNP aims to find out the best balance among coverage, capacity, quality and cost.
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Huawei LTE RNP Main Steps

1.

Dimensioning
2.

Preplanning

Inputs: Coverage, Capacity & Service

Requirement
Outputs: eNodeB coverage radius
and site numbers based on coverage
and capacity calculation

3.
Inputs: Calculated coverage radius, digital map
and subscriber distribution information

Detailed Planning

Outputs: Preliminary eNodeB numbers

Inputs: Coverage target and site survey result

Outputs: Actual site location and engineering parameters
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Detail LTE RNP Flow

Agreement achieved by
operator and Huawei

Preparation

Coverage area (Dense urban, Urban, Suburban )

Quality objective (QoS criteria)
Capacity requirement (Subscriber, traffic model)
Link budget parameters (Penetration loss, Propagation model)

Huawei delivers
Link budget
Capacity dimensioning
Site numbers/configuration
Cell radius in each morphology
Network development solution

The output of
dimensioning is important
criteria to assess RNP
solution

Background Interference Test (optional)

Propagation model tuning (optional)

Site location/ RF parameters configurations

Search ring specifications
Prediction & Simulation
Cluster definition for project management

Nominal
Planning

Site survey/candidate site search

Neighbor cell configuration
Cell parameters configuration
Algorithm configuration

The operator provides:

Naming conventions
Existing sites information

Detailed Planning

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Network Deployment

Page 6

LTE RNP Output Overview

Input

Output
Site Type

Coverage Requirements
-- Coverage Area

Power/Channel

-- Polygon Definition
-- Cell Edge Throughput
-- Coverage Probability

eNodeB Number

Capacity Requirements

Active Users

-- Frequency Bandwidth
-- Subscriber Forecast
-- Traffic Model

S1&X2 Throughput

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Agenda
1

LTE RNP Overview

LTE RNP Dimensioning

Coverage Dimensioning
Capacity Dimensioning
Active User Dimensioning
S1&X2 Dimensioning

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Huawei Confidential

Page 8

LTE Radio Network Dimensioning Flow

Start

Coverage
Requirement

Link Budget
Cell Radius

Capacity
Requirement

Capacity Dimensioning

Satisfy Capacity
Requirement?

Adjust eNodeB
Number

No

Yes
Active User/S1&X2
Dimensioning
eNodeB
Amount & Configuration
End

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Page 9

Agenda
1

LTE RNP Overview

LTE RNP Dimensioning

Coverage Dimensioning
Capacity Dimensioning
Active User Dimensioning
S1&X2 Dimensioning

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 10

LTE Coverage Dimensioning Flow

Geometrical Calculation

Start
Link Budget
Propagation
Model

Cell Radius
eNodeB Coverage Area

Total Coverage Area/

eNodeB Coverage Area

eNodeB Number
End

Aim of coverage dimensioning

to obtain the cell radius

to estimate eNodeB number for coverage

requirement

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LTE Link Budget Model Uplink

Tx
Power

MIMO Gain

UE Ant Gain

Slow fading margin

Gain
Margin
Loss

Interference margin

Power level

Body Loss

Penetration Loss

EIRP
Objective:
Max. Allowed Path Loss

Path Loss
Cable Loss
eNB Ant Gain

Link segments
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Rx
Sensitivity

LTE Link Budget Model Downlink

Tx
Power

MIMO Gain

Gain
Margin
Loss

Slow fading margin

Cable Loss
Interference margin

Power level

eNB Ant Gain

EIRP

Path Loss

Objective:
Max. Allowed Path Loss

Penetration Loss
Body Loss

UE Ant Gain

Link segments
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Rx
Sensitivity

Factors Affecting LTE Link Budget

Scenario

Frequency
Band

Data Rate

RB Number

ICIC

Factors Affecting
LTE Link Budget
Cell Load

MCS

TX Power

Channel Model
MIMO

Some other factors such as antenna height, BPL, TMA, coverage probability
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LTE Link Budget Example

Scenario
FDD/TDD
Morphology
UE Location
Channel Bandwidth (MHz)
Channel Model
DL/UL MIMO Scheme
Cell Edge Rate(kbps)
MCS
Tx
Max Tx Power (dBm)
Required RB
Tx Antenna Gain(dB)
Tx Cable Loss(dB)
Tx Body loss(dB)
EIRP / Subcarrier(dBm)
Rx
SINR (dB)
Rx Noise Figure (dB)
Receiver Sensitivity/subcarrier(dBm)
Rx Antenna Gain(dBi)
Rx Cable Loss(dB)
Rx Body loss(dB)
Target Load
Interference Margin(dB)
Min Signal Reception Strength/subcarrier (dBm)

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PDSCH

PUSCH
FDD
Dense Urban
Indoor
20
ETU 3
22 SFBC
12
1024
256
QPSK 0.25
QPSK 0.31
PDSCH
PUSCH
46
23
18
4
18.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
32.7
6.2
PDSCH
PUSCH
-2.3
-1.6
7
2.5
-127.5
-131.3
0.0
18.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
70%
50%
5.0
1.1
-122.5
-147.7

Huawei Confidential

Path Loss & Cell Radius

Penetration Loss(dB)

PDSCH

PUSCH
20

Std.of Shadow Fading (dB)

11.7

Area Coverage Probability

95%

Shadow Fading Margin(dB)

9.7

Max Allowed Path Loss(dB)

Propagation Model
eNodeB/UE Antenna Height (m)

125.5

124.2

Cost231-Hata(Huawei)
30

Frequency (MHz)

1.5
2600

Cell Radius (km)

0.29

Page 15

0.26

Coverage Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

LTE has better coverage than HSUPA and R99

under the same data rate

Loading increase will have more significant impact

on UMTS coverage especially under high traffic
loading.

About 13% reduction in UMTS cell radius when

loading increases from 50% to 70%

LTE is more robust against loading and cell

radius reduction is only around 2.5% when loading
increases from 50% to 70%

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Page 16

Agenda
1

LTE RNP Overview

LTE RNP Dimensioning

Coverage Dimensioning
Capacity Dimensioning
Active User Dimensioning
S1&X2 Dimensioning

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Page 17

LTE Capacity Dimensioning Flow

Start
Configuration
Analysis

Cell Average
Throughput Calculation

Traffic Model
Analysis

Subscribers Supported
per Cell
eNodeB Number
(initialized by Coverage Dimensioning)

Total Subscribers

Satisfy Capacity
Requirement?

No

Yes
eNodeB Number
End

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Page 18

Adjust eNodeB
Number

Factors Affecting Cell Capacity

Spectrum
Bandwidth
eNodeB Power

MIMO

Users
Distribution

Own Cell Load

Factors Affecting
Capacity
Neighboring
Cell Load

Scheduling

UE Performance

IRC

User Speed

Capacity is controlled not only by hardware resources, but also radio condition
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LTE Cell Average Throughput (FDD)

LTE Cell Average Throughput from Simulation

Bandwidth
5MHz

10MHz

15MHz

20MHz

Scenario

DL 2x2 (Mbps)

UL 1x2 (Mbps)

DL 4x2 (Mbps)

UL 1x4 (Mbps)

Urban

8.2

4.7

9.0

6.4

Suburban

6.3

3.3

6.9

4.5

Urban

16.9

9.8

18.6

13.2

Suburban

13.0

6.9

14.3

9.3

Urban

25.5

14.7

28.1

19.9

Suburban

19.6

10.4

21.5

14.1

Urban

34.3

19.8

37.8

26.7

Suburban

26.3

14.0

29.0

19.0

LTE Cell Average Throughput from Field Test

Commercial

Downlink Cell Average Throughput

Uplink Cell Average Throughput

Remark

VDF Phase3

16.8Mbps / 1.68 bps/Hz (High Load)

10MHz system, 100% Load, OL-MIMO

N4M

31.1Mbps / 1.55 bps/Hz

22 Mbps / 1.1 bps/Hz

20MHz system, after optimization

TeliaSonera
Norway

35Mbps / 1.75 bps/Hz

20MHz system, after optimization

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LTE Cell Average Throughput (TDD)

LTE Cell Average Throughput from Simulation

DL 2x2

Bandwidth

10MHz
20MHz

UL 1x2

DL 4x2

UL 1x4

Scenario

Throughput
(Mbps)

Efficiency
(bps/Hz)

Throughput
(Mbps)

Efficiency
(bps/Hz)

Throughput
(Mbps)

Efficiency
(bps/Hz)

Throughput
(Mbps)

Efficiency
(bps/Hz)

DU/U

8.2

1.46

3.5

0.80

9.3

1.65

4.6

1.04

SU/RU

6.8

1.22

2.5

0.57

8.0

1.43

3.3

0.74

DU/U

16.6

1.49

7.4

0.84

18.9

1.69

9.6

1.09

SU/RU

14.0

1.25

5.3

0.60

16.1

1.44

6.9

0.78

DL:UL=2:2; DwPTS:GP:UpPTS=10:2:2
DL 2x2
Bandwidth

10MHz
20MHz

UL 1x2

DL 4x2

UL 1x4

Scenario

Throughput
(Mbps)

Efficiency
(bps/Hz)

Throughput
(Mbps)

Efficiency
(bps/Hz)

Throughput
(Mbps)

Efficiency
(bps/Hz)

Throughput
(Mbps)

Efficiency
(bps/Hz)

DU/U

11.2

1.46

1.9

0.80

12.6

1.65

2.4

1.04

SU/RU

9.3

1.22

1.3

0.57

10.9

1.43

1.7

0.74

DU/U

22.8

1.49

4.0

0.84

25.8

1.69

5.1

1.09

SU/RU

19.1

1.25

2.8

0.60

22.0

1.44

3.7

0.78

DL:UL=3:1; DwPTS:GP:UpPTS=10:2:2
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Page 21

Capacity Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE

UL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps)
19.80

20.00
9.76
10.00

3.00

2.30

2.10

4.72

0.00
HSUPA 10ms

HSUPA 2ms

HSUPA 16QAM

LTE 5 MHz

LTE 10MHz

LTE 20MHz

DL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps)

LTE 20MHz,
34.34

40.00
30.00
20.00

LTE 10MHz,
16.92
HSPA(16QAM),
6.00

HSPA+(MIMO),
6.98

10.00

0.00

HSPA+(64QAM),
6.41

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HSPA+(DC+16QAM),
6.43

HSPA+(MIMO+64QAM),
7.12

LTE 5MHz,
8.17

HSPA+(DC+64QAM),
6.89

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Page 22

Traffic Model Analysis (Sample)

UL
Traffic Parameters

DL

Bearer Rate
(Kbps)

PPP Session
Time(s)

PPP Session
Duty Ratio

BLER

Bearer Rate
(Kbps)

PPP Session
Time(s)

PPP Session
Duty Ratio

BLER

Video Conference

62.53

1800

1%

62.53

1800

1%

IMS Signalling

15.63

0.2

1%

15.63

0.2

1%

Web Browsing

62.53

1800

0.05

1%

250.11

1800

0.05

1%

File Transfer

140.69

600

1%

750.34

600

1%

P2P file sharing

250.11

1200

1%

750.34

1200

1%

Traffic Penetration
Ratio

BHSA

Video Conference

0.00%

IMS Signalling

User Behavior

Busy Hour Throughput Per User (bps)

UL

DL

0.2

6316

6316

0.00%

31

31

Web Browsing

100.00%

0.4

632

2526

File Transfer

20.00%

0.2

4737

25264

P2P file sharing

20.00%

0.4

33685

101055

8355

27853

Total

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Traffic Model varies from different

operators which is mainly used to
calculate Busy Hour Average
Throughput per User.

Page 23

Agenda
1

LTE RNP Overview

LTE RNP Dimensioning

Coverage Dimensioning
Capacity Dimensioning
Active User Dimensioning
S1&X2 Dimensioning

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Page 24

Active User Dimensioning

Active User Definition

Active users is also called RRC-Connected Users which refer to the users having a RRC connection with the
network
Directly influences eNodeB quotation and controlled by software license

PPP
Session
Data call (session) WWW

Data call (session) WWW

time

PPP Time: Duration of PPP Session

RRC_Connected
(Active User)

RRC

RRC1

RRC2

RRC3
RRC_Idle

Packets

BHSA: Busy Hour Session Attempt

time

Ratio of RRC to PPP: Percentage of RRC during

one PPP session
Number of User: Number of users using service i

Packet2
Packet1

Packet3

time

Number _ ActiveUser _ i BHSA * PPP _ Session _ Time * RatRrcToPP P * Number _ User / 3600
Total _ Number _ ActiveUser Number _ ActiveUser _ i * Percentage _ Service _ i
i

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Active User Dimensioning Case Study

Traffic Volume based Dimensioning
Step 1

Cell Capacity

Step 2

Monthly traffic volume per user

Step 3

Daily traffic

Step 4

BH throughput (Mbps)

Step 5

Subscribers supported in a cell

Step 6

Subscribers supported in a site

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a
b
c

10MHz*1.5bps/Hz/cell
10GByte package per user

Assumptions:
S111
10MHz
10GB package

= b / 30 days
= c x 8x 10%/3600s x 0.8 x 1000

d
e
f

(BH carries 10% of daily traffic assumed, DL:UL=4:1)

=a/d

= e x 3 = 760 subscribers

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Page 26

Agenda
1

LTE RNP Overview

LTE RNP Dimensioning

Coverage Dimensioning
Capacity Dimensioning
Active User Dimensioning
S1&X2 Dimensioning

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Page 27

S1&X2 Interface of LTE

2G/3G: Legacy Architecture

LTE: Flat Architecture

MME / S-GW

MSC/SGSN/GGSN

MME / S-GW

S1

S1

RNC

S1

S1

BSC

X2

E-UTRAN
eNB

eNB

X2

X2
eNB

BTS

BTS

NodeB

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NodeB

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Page 28

S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (1)

Assumptions:
1. Uplink and downlink busy hour data traffic volume
per subscriber is 25kbps
2. Traffic data ratio for uplink and downlink is 1:4
3. Peak to average traffic ratio is 1.2

4. Number of subscribers per eNodeB is 1000

5. Assuming IPV4 and IPsec with tunnel mode is used
for IP over Ethernet transmission
6. Assuming the ER is 1.37 (for packet size 300 bytes)

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S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (2)

Control Plane

T _ control plane T _ Total _ user _ Plane / Site * 2% 41.1* 2% 0.82Mbps

S1 Bandwidth

T _ S1 / Site T _ control _ Plane / Site T _ Total _ user _ plane / Site 0.82 41.1 41.92Mbps
X2 Bandwidth

T _ X 2 / Site T _ S1 / Site * 3% 41.92 * 3% 1.26Mbps

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Thank you
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