By

Taha Farooq

RIGGING PROCEDURES

What rigging is ?
Rigging equipment
Rigging Techniques
Load Chart , Rigging Cards and Calculations
Cranes
Work Permits
Safety Precautions

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Rigger: Duties & Responsibilities

Determining weight of load
Selection of proper ropes, slings
Procedures for blocking, binding, jacking
and leveling of loads
Knowledge of tying down load for
transportation
Repair and maintenance and proper storage
of equipment

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Rigging Terms :
Total Rated Load:

The maximum permissible load to be lifted is defined as the

total rated load.
It is dependant on the following factors
boom length
working radius

The larger the working radius the smaller the total rated load.

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Rigging Terms :
Working Radius :
The horizontal distance from the center of the crane to the
center of hook of that crane.
The maximum value is the maximum radii at which the crane is
operable to lift a certain load.
Lifting Height:
The vertical distance between the ground and the hook

RIGGING PROCEDURES

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Boom Length :
Axial distance between the fulcrum pin of the boom bottom
and the lower sheave pin at the bottom head
Elevation Angle / Boom Angle:
Angle between the boom centerline and the horizontal line.

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Jib:
An extended arm of the crane , that is attached to the boom to
increase the boom length.
Lufing Jib:
The jib that is operable to a certain degree of rotation is known
as the lufing jib
e.g. In TADANO 120 T crane the jib is operable to 45
Fly Jib:
The jib operable only to a restricted direction is called the fly
jib.

RIGGING PROCEDURES

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Rigging Equipment
Slings :
Chains
Wire Ropes
Non Metallic Ropes
Connectors :
Hooks
Shackles
Eye Bolts
Links / Rings

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Slings
Chains :
They are made of various grades of steel and on which their
lifting capacities depend.
For most common uses Alloy Steel grade 60 or mild steel with
0.5% carbon are used.
Alloy steel grade 80 chains are high tensile chains
Before making a lift, the chain should be checked for kinks,
knots or twists. Chain slings must be load tested manually.

Chain Hoists:
Chain Blocks
Come Along

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Come-Alongs:

Slings

It is a slang word for one half to about six ton

chain hoists having a lever action pulling
arrangement. They have short, about 5 to 10 feet
hoist travel only.
There are a numerous uses for Come-Alongs :
To level the face of load
To guide heavy loads in into position while lifted by a
bigger crane.
To provide 3rd and 4th leg to a two leg sling.
Come-Alongs can be used in any direction compared to
chain blocks which can be best used vertically

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Slings
Chain Blocks / Chain Hoists:
Designed with a spur gear transmission system comprising :
A hand chain . Hand wheel with friction clutch and a ratchet
stop,chain sprocket, a load chain and a swivel hook at the top.
FORCE REQUIRED ON HAND CHAIN FOR PULLING MAX LOAD
Capacity in tons
Pull on Hand Chains in Pounds

1/2
43

1
46

2
72

3
76

5
82.5

10
88

20
95

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Wire Ropes:
A wire rope is composed of wire strands formed helically
around a central axis. Six to Eight strand ropes are the
most popular and the axial member is known as the core.

Strand :
Strands are made of various combination of individual wires
formed helically around the center.
There are four types of cores:
*Fiber or Sisal Core
*IWRC or steel core
*Strand Core
*Special Core

Slings

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Slings
Selection of Wire Ropes :
The factors for selection of a wire rope are :
Flexibility
Load bearing capacity / Strength
Corrosion
Accessibility for Inspection
Calculation of Safe Working Load ( SWL )
SWL = Rope Dia x Rope Dia x 8
Example
1. 1/2 inch dia rope

SWL = 1\2 x 1\2 x 8 = 2 T

2. 5/8 inch dia rope

SWL = 5/8 x 5/8 x 8 = 3.125 T

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Slings
Non-Metallic Ropes :
1- Natural Fibre Rope :
Manila Fibre

Strength, Durability, Withstand Severe

usage & Weather Resistant

Sisal Fibre

Less demanding requirements, Low Cost

2- Synthetic Fibre Rope ;

Nylon
Terylene
Dacron
Polypropylene

Approx twice the strength of Manila, Good

resistance to weathering & Abrasion Resist.

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Slings
Important Points :
Do not drag over the ground and over the sharp edges
In a straight pull a rope will give 100 % , tie a knot and rope
is weaken to 50 %
Prevent rope from coming in contact with acid
Care to be taken in cleaning and drying of the rope
Safe Working Load (SWL)
Manila Rope:
Change Rope Dia in to 8th of an inch
Square the numerator and multiply by 20
Example :
1/2 inch dia = 4/8 inch

SWL = 4 x 4 x 20 = 320 lbs

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Slings
Knots :
Stopper Knot

: Keep rope end from slipping through hole

Figure of 8

: makes a bulge in the rope

Binding Knot

: Ties object Snugly

Loop Knot

: holds an object with security

Reef Knot

: Easy to open and a tight grip.

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Connectors
Hooks :
These are formed by drop forging and heat treating carbon
steel.
Hooks are categorized on suspension system used ;
Eye Type

Chain slings

Clevis Type

Ease to install / Remove

Swivel Type

Free load rotation , no wire twist

Clevis-Swivel

Come-Alongs

Snatch Block

Crane, Multi Pass chain blocks

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Precautions :

Connectors

All hooks should have safety latches

More links or sling eyes tend to pull the hook or develop a crack
in the middle.
There should be no side pulling or improper loading of the hook
during rigging.
The throat should not be open more than 0.5 %.

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Connectors
Shackles:
There are two types of shackles
a) Chain ( D Type ) Shackle

For chains only

b) Anchor ( Bow Type ) Shackle

For all rope/wire e.t.c.

Shackles are sized by the dia of the steel in bow section rather than
the pin size.
A bolt must not be used as replacement for a pin.
The pin of a shackle should go in the eye of a hook and the sling ends
on the bow side.

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Connectors

Links and Rings :

The links are used on top of slings and at the lower end of
the chain slings and wire ropes
Missing Link .
These are made in two parts and is snapped shut together to
make an oval ring.
It is used to join two pieces of chain or attaching a chain or
an eye of sling to a lifting link.
Average Safe Load For Forged Steel Links
Dia in inch
Safe Loads ( lbs )

5/16"
2500

3/8"
3800

1/2"
6500

5/8"
9300

3/4"
14000

7/ 8"
12000

1
15200

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Connectors
Eye Bolts :
They are extensively used for rigging work where drilled or
threaded holes exist in machinery and equipment.
Common Causes of Failure:
It should be one piece drop forged and not a ring welded on a stud.
Consult chart for lifting capacities of an eye bolt
Check dia , TPI and thread matches of the eye bolt with the tapped
hole.

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Load Chart , Rigging Cards and Calculations

A data sheet through which rigging requirements are
calculated is called as a Load Chart
A Rigging Card is filled, so that a proper check is ensured
for lifting of weights.
They help us to assess whether any particular job is safely
planned or not.
It is a guideline to a crane operator to work with.

RIGGING PROCEDURES

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Cranes:
The cranes being used at ENGRO are as Follows:
TADANO 120 T
BUCYRUS 40 T
TADANO 16 T
TADANO 10 T
HYDRA LIFT

RIGGING PROCEDURES

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Work Permits Required :

As per procedures any job that is executed is followed by a work permit
system.
The permits governing any rigging activity are as follows

Cold Work Permit

Lifting Over Process Equipment

Vehicle Entry Permit

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Safety Precautions :
During hoisting operation all personnel must stay clear of loads
and no one should be beneath the boom.
Hoist and Rigging equipment, chain , cables and shackles must be
checked to be in good condition before every individual job.
Slings , Ropes , Cables, and chain must be protected from sharp
edges.
Chain blocks must be installed using wire ropes or shackles and
not fibrous ropes.
All rigging equipment e.g. chain blocks, crane hooks ; should have
safety latches.
Use of tag line to be implemented.
No one should work under suspended load.

RIGGING PROCEDURES

Safety Precautions :
Hand Signals:
The standard hand signals are employed.
In case, when the crane operator cannot see the load being
moved , the following is to be practised.
More than one signal man
2-way radios
Sound powered Megaphone