Wood

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- traditional building
material
- durable, beautiful, rust
and corrosion free

wood

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symbols for dressed lumber

Physical properties - 6

- fibrous
- viscoelastic
- anistropic
- hygroscopic
- easily worked with
- durable and beautiful

S1S - smooth 1
side, dressed 1
side
S2S - smooth 2
sides, dressed 2
sides
S4S - smooth 4
sides, dressed 4
sides

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wood structure - 3

- sapwood
- heartwood
- core

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sapwood

- outer portion of
a tree
- softer, younger
layer
- more
permeable, less
durable

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heartwood

- older, harder
inner portion
- darker in color,
denser and less
permeable

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core

- inactive cells
-mechanical
support of the
tree

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defects of wood - 6

- decay
- checks
- shakes
- knots
- pitch pockets
- warping

- fungi caused
- usually if with moisture

decay

- lengthwise cracks across the annual

growth rings of the tree
- caused by irregular shrinkage
during drying

checks

- cracks parallel to the annual growth

rings
- cracks formed while the tree is living

shakes

irregular growths in the body of a tree

which interrupt the smooth curve of
the grain

knots

well defined openings or pockets

between the annual rings and
contains solid or liquid pitch

pitchpockets

variations with the plane surface of

the wood caused by uneven shrinkage
of the board

warping

wood physical property:

fibrous

- fibers run parallel to its

length
- allows to have large flexual
strength
- good for tension

wood physical property:

viscoelastic

vibrates and dissipates

sound (good as an acoustic
material)

wood physical property:

anistropic

properties perpendicular to
the fibers are different

wood physical property:

hygroscopic

- will absorb moisture

- will keep moisture equal to
ambient air
- has to be seasoned and
dried

classification of trees - 2

hardwood and softwood

deciduous trees with broad

leaves (fibers are more
dense)

hardwood

conifer trees that have

needles

softwood

types of wood according to

use - 3

- yard lumber
- structural lumber
- shop/factory lumber

used in general building

purposes (found in shops)

yard lumber

min size of 2x2x0.5 in

structural lumber

- lumber that is remanufactured

- for furniture and cabinets

shop/factory lumber

types of wood according to

manufacture - 3

- rough lumber
- dressed lumber
- smooth lumber

- cut plainly
- smoother than rough
lumber

dressed lumber

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kinds of warping - 4

crook, bow, cup,

twist

warping: edge is convex or concave

longitudinal

crook

warping: face is convex or concave

longitudinal

bow

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warping: face is convex or concave

cup

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one corner is raised

twist

- term used for wood used in

construction
- size/dimensions in inches

lumber

four classifications of lumber

- strips
- board lumber
- dimension
lumber
- timber

lumber: less than 2" thick and less

than 8" wide

strips

lumber: less than 2" thick and at

least 8" wide

board lumber

lumber: more than 2" thick and less

than 5" in any dimension

dimension lumber

lumber: 5" more on the smallest

dimension

timber

size of lumber right after it was cut

from the log

nominal size
(actual size is 1/2"
shorter)

measurement of lumber (used in

price/estimate)

board foot =
[thickness(in) x
W(in) x L(ft)] / 12

lumber is sold in length from...

6'-20' (increments
of 2') [longer
lumber, more
expensive]

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seasoning of lumber - 2

- air drying
- kiln drying

- lumber is strip piled at a slope on a

solid foundation
- allows air to circulate around every
piece while sloping allows water to
run off quickly

air drying

- more expensive than kiln drying

- minimal movement
- used for furniture
- lumber is dried artificially to the
correct moisture content in a dry
kiln

kiln drying

lumber that was subjected to

pressure and injected with
chemicals or salts to insure that it
will not rot

pressure treated
lumber

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kinds or pressured treated lumber - 4

- wolmanized
- permanized
- tanalized
- boliden

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treatment of lumber - 2

- resistance to
decay
(creosote
solutions)
- fire retardant
treated

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manufactured wood - 7

- plywood
- hardboard
- chipboard
- HDF or
MDF
- Gypsum
board
- fibercement
boards
- millwork

- manufactured using several thin sheets

or plies of wood peeled from log
(generally odd no. of plies)
- grain direction is alternate

plywood

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size and thickness of plywood

size: 4' x 8'

thickness:
1/8", 1/4",
1/2", 3/4", 1"

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types of plywood - 3

- marine
plywood
- ordinary
plywood
- fancy
plywood

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fancywood - 4

- Narra
bookmatched
- Tanguile
ribbon
grained
- Kalantas
rotary cut
- Rosewood

- made from processed wood chips

- chips of controlled size are subjected to
high pressure steam in pressure vessels
to form uniform grains

hardboard

types of hardboard - 3

- standard
hardboard
- panel
hardboard
- tempered
hardboard

hardboard: interior use only, no

moisture allowed

standard
hardboard

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hardboard: denser than the standard but not as dense as tempered

panel hardboard

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hardboard: densest, made by impregnated standard board with a tempering compound

tempered hardboard

- rigid board with a smooth surface

- wood chips are bound together, then subjected to heat and pressure

chipboard

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board made of fiber pressed into sheets and bound by glue

HDF or MDF

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High Density Fiber - used in flooring

HDF

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Medium Density Fiber - used in cabinets, fire retardant than other woods

MDF

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wall made of plywood and structural lumber (hardiflex, gypsum board)

dry walls

- board with a gypsum core sandwiched between tough, smooth paper

- insulation and acoustic
- prone to moisture attack
- easy to finish
- combustible

gypsum board

used to cover for aesthetic purposes

veneer

- commercial name is hardiflex or hardisenepa

- made of mineralized cellulose fibers and calcium carbonate bound by cement(72%)
- can be wet, used above bathroom

fibercement boards

- processed in lumber mill

- doors, windows, moldings, trimmings

millwork

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