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Fonte de excitao
ons
h
h
1 cm
~ 1020 molculas/cm3
1 cm
~ 1015 tomos/cm2
AES
XPS
Sodium
Lecithin
Serine
Within a placenta cell
Imagem
rea
Molculas
por pixel *
tomos por
pixel
10 m x 10 m
10-6 cm2
4 x 108
2.5 x 109
1 m x 1 m
10-8 cm2
4 x 106
2.5 x 107
500 nm x 500 nm
1 x 106
6.25 x 106
100 nm x 100 nm
1 x 10-10 cm2
40 000
2.5 x 105
200 x 200
4 x 10-12 cm2
1600
10 000
Ee = 3-30 keV
The figure shows the most useful Auger peaks in the KLL, LMM, and MNN parts of the spectrum as well as higher
transitions for elements above cesium. The red dots indicate the strongest and most characteristic peaks and the
green bands indicate the rough structure of less intense peaks.
The probability of an auger electron or a photon emitted is determined by quantum mechanical selection rules.
ELECTRON BACKSCATTERING
Backscattered electrons contribute to the total Auger current. Since the
number of Auger electrons is proportional to the total Auger current one
obtains:
rM: backscattering factor
Instrumentao em AES
Introduo da amostra
e cmara de preparao
Elctrons
XPS
AES
UPS
ISS
Amostra
LEED
Cmara de Anlise
e-gun
ion-gun
R-X
Helium lamp
ELECTRON SOURCES
M2,3VV
Ni (111)
MODES OF ACQUISITION
There are four modes of operation in Auger electron spectroscopy:
1. Point analysis
2. Line scan
3. Mapping
4. Profiling
Point analysis
Point analysis
Line scan
Mapping
DETECTION LIMITS
Quantitative Analysis
Profiling
XPS
UPS
NEXAFS
AES
ISS
Feixe de Raios-X
Profundidade de
penetrao dos
Raios-X
Eltrons so
excitados em todo
esse volume ~1-10
m
Os eltrons so
extrados de um
pequeno ngulo
slido
F 1s
O 1s
60.0k
CPS
F KLL
40.0k
N 1s
20.0k
Condicoes exp.
Amostra: PU1185A10, (01/08/2005) Area 3
Iris 20, PA = 200, IA=17.5
IE=16, IF=2.4, Anode 1.
-9
Pressao durante os espectros: 1.3 x 10 mbar
-10
Pressao base: 6 x 10 mbar
8 scans
Si 2s Si 2p
0.0
800
E:/daniel/SPECS/PU-Cecilia/Analises de dados/PU.opj
Fig: PU-SF6-3
600
400
200
Princpios fsicos
The EB of an emitted photoelectron is simply the energy difference between
the (n 1)-electron final state and the n-electron initial state
Deslocamento Qumico
Constante de Madelung
20,0k
15,0k
CPS
C-C/C-H
C-O
10,0k
FWHM ~ 1,2 eV
CF3
5,0k
OC=O
294
292
290
288
286
284
282
280
Metais
Pt
Pt 4f7/2 e 4f5/2
PtO
PtO2
557,4 eV
E ~25 eV
Smoothing
E ~24,4 eV
309,37 eV
E ~26 eV
129,5 eV (?)
240,0
CPS
160,0
C1
C4
C7
80,0
300,0
C2
C5
320
C3
C6
300
280
C2 e C5: C=C
C5 e C1: C-C
C3: C-O, C-N (?)
C6: O-C-O, C=O
C4: C=O, COO
C7: R-COO
250,0
200,0
150,0
100,0
325 320 315 310 305 300 295 290 285 280 275 270
Fig: PQ4-6-C1s
...LNLS/UFRGS-SGM-2007/SGM_Novembro_2007.opj
Quantification
Angle-resolved XPS
Si-O
~103 eV
Si-Si
~ 99 eV
90o
IS/IB (a.u.)
10o
S
B
Instrumentao em XPS
Uso de monocromadores
Utiliza radiao
UV de vcuo
(10-45 eV) para
analisar os niveis
de valncia.
Energtica do processo de
fotoemisso
Espectro
UPS
Banda de
valncia
Estado inicial
da amostra
Clean surface
6 L of O2
100 L of O2
1000 L of O2
Poy(3-hexythiophene
Grupos alifticos
Polyvinyl alcohol
1,3 eV
LNLS, Campinas, SP
TGM: ~10-350 eV
PGM (ondulator): ~100-1500 eV
This is a technique utilizing the inelastic scattering of low energy electrons in order to measure
vibrational spectra of surface species : superficially, it can be considered as the electron-analogue of
Raman spectroscopy
Espalhamento inelstico: interao culombiana dos eltrons rpidos incidentes com o com os
eltrons que circundam ao ncleo
Processos envolvidos:
Instrumentao em EELS
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/surfaces/scc/sccindex.htm