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I. INTRODUCTION
Over the past two decades, many wireless systems have
been developed and widely used around the world. The most
important examples are cellular mobile radio and Wi-Fi
systems. Just like radio and television broadcasting systems,
they radiate electromagnetic waves/energy into the air but a
large amount of the energy is actually wasted, thus how to
harvest and recycle the ambient wireless electromagnetic
energy has become an increasingly interesting topic.
One of the most promising methods to harvest the wireless
energy is to use a rectenna which is a combination of a
rectifier and an antenna. A typical block diagram is shown in
Fig. 1. The wireless energy can be collected by the antenna
attached to rectifying diodes through filters and matching
circuit. The rectifying diodes convert the received wireless
energy into DC power. The low-pass filter will match the load
with the rectifier and block the high order harmonics
generated by the diode in order to achieve high energy
conversion efficiency which is the most important parameter
of such a device.
(a)
(b)
Fig. 3 (a) Simulated range of optimal source impedance for schottky
diode from 1 to 16 GHz and with a input power from -30 dBm to 10
dBm (b) Simulated input impedance for spiral antenna [20]
Pout
V 2 out , DC
Rload
(5)
V out .DC 1
Rload PdAeff
(4)
REFERENCES
[1]
D. Rectenna efficiency.
The efficiency of the rectenna system is basically
equivalent to its transfer function. The general definition of
any efficiency () used hereafter is the ratio of the output
power Pout over the input power Pin ,
Pout / Pin .
(1)
The conversion efficiency ( ) of the whole system is the
DC power at the receiver end over the AC input power
captured by the system (antenna). This efficiency is strongly
dependent on the power density ( Pd ) distributed across the
receiver aperture. The maximum incident power density can
be expressed as
PtGt
Pd
4R 2
2Gr
4
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
(2)
Aeff
[2]
(3)
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]