9171 An Otto cycle with air as the

working fluid has a compression ratio

of 8.2. Under cold-air-standard
conditions,
the thermal efficiency of this cycle is
(a) 24 percent (b) 43 percent (c) 52
percent
(d) 57 percent (e) 75 percent
9172 For specified limits for the
maximum and minimum
temperatures, the ideal cycle with the
lowest thermal efficiency is
(a) Carnot (b) Stirling (c) Ericsson
(d ) Otto (e) All are the same
9173 A Carnot cycle operates
between the temperature
limits of 300 and 2000 K, and
produces 600 kW of net
power. The rate of entropy change of
the working fluid during the heat
addition process is
(a) 0 (b) 0.300 kW/K (c) 0.353 kW/K
(d ) 0.261 kW/K (e) 2.0 kW/K
9174 Air in an ideal Diesel cycle is
compressed from 3 to 0.15 L, and then
it expands during the constant
pressure heat addition process to 0.30
L. Under cold air standard conditions,
the thermal efficiency of this cycle is
(a) 35 percent (b) 44 percent (c) 65
percent
(d) 70 percent (e) 82 percent
9175 Helium gas in an ideal Otto
cycle is compressed
from 20C and 2.5 to 0.25 L, and its
temperature increases by an
additional 700C during the heat
addition process. The temperature of
helium before the expansion process is
(a) 1790C (b) 2060C (c) 1240C
(d) 620C (e) 820C
9176 In an ideal Otto cycle, air is
compressed from 1.20 kg/m3 and 2.2
to 0.26 L, and the net work output of
the cycle is 440 kJ/kg. The mean
effective pressure (MEP) for this cycle
is
(a) 612 kPa (b) 599 kPa (c) 528 kPa
(d) 416 kPa (e) 367 kPa
9177 In an ideal Brayton cycle, air is
compressed from 95 kPa and 25C to
800 kPa. Under cold-air-standard
conditions, the thermal efficiency of
this cycle is

(a) 46 percent (b) 54 percent (c) 57

percent
(d) 39 percent (e) 61 percent
9178 Consider an ideal Brayton cycle
executed between the pressure limits
of 1200 and 100 kPa and temperature
limits of 20 and 1000C with argon as
the working fluid. The net
work output of the cycle is
(a) 68 kJ/kg (b) 93 kJ/kg (c) 158 kJ/kg
(d) 186 kJ/kg (e) 310 kJ/kg
9179 An ideal Brayton cycle has a
net work output of 150 kJ/kg and a
back work ratio of 0.4. If both the
turbine and the compressor had an
isentropic efficiency of 85 percent, the
net work output of the cycle would be
(a) 74 kJ/kg (b) 95 kJ/kg (c) 109 kJ/kg
(d) 128 kJ/kg (e) 177 kJ/kg
9180 In an ideal Brayton cycle, air is
compressed from
100 kPa and 25C to 1 MPa, and then
heated to 1200C
before entering the turbine. Under
cold-air-standard conditions, the air
temperature at the turbine exit is
(a) 490C (b) 515C (c) 622C
(d) 763C (e) 895C
9181 In an ideal Brayton cycle with
regeneration, argon
gas is compressed from 100 kPa and
25C to 400 kPa, and then heated to
1200C before entering the turbine.
The highest temperature that argon
can be heated in the regenerator is
(a) 246C (b) 846C (c) 689C
(d) 368C (e) 573C
9182 In an ideal Brayton cycle with
regeneration, air is
compressed from 80 kPa and 10C to
400 kPa and 175C, is heated to 450C
in the regenerator, and then further
heated to 1000C before entering the
turbine. Under cold-air-standard
conditions, the effectiveness of the
regenerator is
(a) 33 percent (b) 44 percent (c) 62
percent
(d) 77 percent (e) 89 percent
9183 Consider a gas turbine that has
a pressure ratio of 6 and operates on
the Brayton cycle with regeneration
between the temperature limits of 20
and 900C. If the specific heat ratio of
the working fluid is 1.3, the highest

thermal efficiency this gas turbine can

have is
(a) 38 percent (b) 46 percent (c) 62
percent
(d) 58 percent (e) 97 percent
9184 An ideal gas turbine cycle with
many stages of compression and
expansion and a regenerator of 100
percent effectiveness has an overall
pressure ratio of 10. Air enters every
stage of compressor at 290 K, and
every stage of turbine at 1200 K. The
thermal efficiency of this gas-turbine
cycle is

10114 A steam power plant operates

on the simple ideal Rankine cycle
between the pressure limits of 10 kPa
and 10 MPa, with a turbine inlet
temperature of 600C. The rate of
heat transfer in the boiler is 800 kJ/s.
Disregarding the pump work, the
power output of this plant is
(a) 243 kW (b) 284 kW (c) 508 kW
(d) 335 kW (e) 800 kW

9185 Air enters a turbojet engine at

260 m/s at a rate of 30 kg/s, and exits
at 800 m/s relative to the aircraft. The
thrust developed by the engine is

10115 Consider a combined gassteam power plant. Water for the

steam cycle is heated in a wellinsulated heat exchanger by the
exhaust gases that enter at 800 K at a
rate of 60 kg/s and leave at 400 K.
Water enters the heat exchanger at
200C and 8 MPa and leaves at 350C
and 8 MPa. If the exhaust gases are
treated as air with constant specific
heats at room temperature, the mass
flow rate of water through the heat
exchanger becomes

(a) 8 kN (b) 16 kN (c) 24 kN

(d) 20 kN (e) 32 kN

(a) 11 kg/s (b) 24 kg/s (c) 46 kg/s

(d) 53 kg/s (e) 60 kg/s

10111 Consider a steady-flow Carnot

cycle with water as the working fluid
executed under the saturation dome
between the pressure limits of 8 MPa
and 20 kPa. Water
changes from saturated liquid to
saturated vapor during the heat
addition process. The net work output
of this cycle is

10116 An ideal reheat Rankine cycle

operates between the pressure limits
of 10 kPa and 8 MPa, with reheat
occurring at 4 MPa. The temperature
of steam at the inlets of both turbines
is 500C, and the enthalpy of steam is
3185 kJ/kg at the exit of the highpressure turbine, and 2247 kJ/kg at
the exit of the low-pressure turbine.
Disregarding the pump work, the cycle
efficiency is

(a) 36 percent (b) 40 percent (c) 52

percent
(d) 64 percent (e) 76 percent

(a) 494 kJ/kg (b) 975 kJ/kg (c) 596

kJ/kg
(d) 845 kJ/kg (e) 1148 kJ/kg
10112 A simple ideal Rankine cycle
operates between the pressure limits
of 10 kPa and 3 MPa, with a turbine
inlet temperature of 600C.
Disregarding the pump work, the cycle
efficiency is
(a) 24 percent (b) 37 percent (c) 52
percent
(d) 63 percent (e) 71 percent
10113 A simple ideal Rankine cycle
operates between the pressure limits
of 10 kPa and 5 MPa, with a turbine
inlet temperature of 600C. The mass
fraction of steam that condenses at
the turbine exit is
(a) 6 percent (b) 9 percent (c) 12
percent
(d) 15 percent (e) 18 percent

(a) 29 percent (b) 32 percent (c) 36

percent
(d) 41 percent (e) 49 percent
10117 Pressurized feedwater in a
steam power plant is to be heated in
an ideal open feedwater heater that
operates at a pressure of 0.5 MPa with
steam extracted from the turbine. If
the enthalpy of feedwater is 252 kJ/kg
and the enthalpy of extracted steam is
2665 kJ/kg, the mass fraction of steam
extracted from the turbine is
(a) 4 percent (b) 10 percent (c) 16
percent
(d) 27 percent (e) 12 percent
10118 Consider a steam power plant
that operates on the regenerative
Rankine cycle with one open
feedwater heater. The enthalpy of the
steam is 3374 kJ/kg at the turbine
inlet, 2797 kJ/kg at the location of
bleeding, and 2346 kJ/kg at the
turbine exit. The net power output of

the plant is 120 MW, and the fraction

of steam bled off the turbine for
regeneration is 0.172. If the pump
work is negligible, the mass flow rate
of steam at the turbine inlet is
(a) 117 kg/s (b) 126 kg/s (c) 219 kg/s
(d) 268 kg/s (e) 679 kg/s
10119 Consider a simple ideal
Rankine cycle. If the condenser
pressure is lowered while keeping
turbine inlet state the same,
(a) the turbine work output will
decrease.
(b) the amount of heat rejected will
decrease.
(c) the cycle efficiency will decrease.
(d) the moisture content at turbine
exit will decrease.
(e) the pump work input will decrease.
10120 Consider a simple ideal
Rankine cycle with fixed boiler and
condenser pressures. If the steam is
superheated to a higher temperature,
(a) the turbine work output will
decrease.
(b) the amount of heat rejected will
decrease.
(c) the cycle efficiency will decrease.
(d) the moisture content at turbine
exit will decrease.
(e) the amount of heat input will
decrease.
10121 Consider a simple ideal
Rankine cycle with fixed boiler and
condenser pressures. If the cycle is
modified with reheating,
(a) the turbine work output will
decrease.
(b) the amount of heat rejected will
decrease.
(c) the pump work input will decrease.
(d) the moisture content at turbine
exit will decrease.
(e) the amount of heat input will
decrease.
10122 Consider a simple ideal
Rankine cycle with fixed boiler and
condenser pressures. If the cycle is
modified with regeneration that
involves one open feedwater heater
(select the correct statement per unit
mass of steam flowing through the
boiler),
(a) the turbine work output will
decrease.
(b) the amount of heat rejected will
increase.

(c) the cycle thermal efficiency will

decrease.
(d) the quality of steam at turbine exit
will decrease.
(e) the amount of heat input will
increase.
10123 Consider a cogeneration
power plant modified with
regeneration. Steam enters the
turbine at 6 MPa and 450C at a rate
of 20 kg/s and expands to a pressure
of 0.4 MPa. At this pressure, 60
percent of the steam is extracted from
the turbine, and the remainder
expands to a pressure of 10 kPa. Part
of the extracted steam is used to heat
feedwater in an open feedwater
heater. The rest of the extracted
steam is used for process heating and
leaves the process heater as a
saturated liquid at 0.4 MPa. It is
subsequently mixed with the
feedwater leaving the feedwater
heater, and the mixture is pumped to
the boiler pressure. The steam in the
condenser is cooled and condensed by
the cooling water from a nearby river,
which enters the adiabatic condenser
at a rate of 463 kg/s
.
1. The total power output of the
turbine is
(a) 17.0 MW (b) 8.4 MW (c) 12.2 MW
(d) 20.0 MW (e) 3.4 MW
2. The temperature rise of the cooling
water from the river in
the condenser is
(a) 8.0C (b) 5.2C (c) 9.6C
(d) 12.9C (e) 16.2C
3. The mass flow rate of steam
through the process heater is
(a) 1.6 kg/s (b) 3.8 kg/s (c) 5.2 kg/s
(d) 7.6 kg/s (e) 10.4 kg/s
4. The rate of heat supply from the
process heater per unit
mass of steam passing through it is
(a) 246 kJ/kg (b) 893 kJ/kg (c) 1344
kJ/kg
(d) 1891 kJ/kg (e) 2060 kJ/kg
5. The rate of heat transfer to the
steam in the boiler is
(a) 26.0 MJ/s (b) 53.8 MJ/s (c) 39.5 MJ/s
(d) 62.8 MJ/s (e) 125.4 MJ/s
11110 Consider a heat pump that
operates on the reversed Carnot cycle
with R-134a as the working fluid
executed under the saturation dome
between the pressure limits of 140
and 800 kPa. R-134a changes from
saturated vapor to saturated liquid
during the heat rejection process. The
net work input for this cycle is

(a) 28 kJ/kg (b) 34 kJ/kg (c) 49 kJ/kg

(d) 144 kJ/kg (e) 275 kJ/kg
11111 A refrigerator removes heat
from a refrigerated
space at _5C at a rate of 0.35 kJ/s and
rejects it to an environment at 20C.
The minimum required power input is
(a) 30 W (b) 33 W (c) 56 W
(d) 124 W (e) 350 W
11112 A refrigerator operates on the
ideal vapor compression refrigeration
cycle with R-134a as the working fluid
between the pressure limits of 120
and 800 kPa. If the rate of heat
removal from the refrigerated space is
32 kJ/s, the mass flow rate of the
refrigerant is
(a) 0.19 kg/s (b) 0.15 kg/s (c) 0.23 kg/s
(d) 0.28 kg/s (e) 0.81 kg/s
11113 A heat pump operates on the
ideal vapor compression refrigeration
cycle with R-134a as the working fluid
between the pressure limits of 0.32
and 1.2 MPa. If the mass flow rate of
the refrigerant is 0.193 kg/s, the rate
of heat supply by the heat pump to
the heated space is
(a) 3.3 kW (b) 23 kW (c) 26 kW
(d) 31 kW (e) 45 kW
11114 An
ideal vapor

134a as the working fluid between the

pressure limits of 0.32 and
1.2 MPa. The coefficient of
performance of this heat pump is
(a) 0.17 (b) 1.2 (c) 3.1
(d) 4.9 (e) 5.9
11116 An ideal gas refrigeration
cycle using air as the
working fluid operates between the
pressure limits of 80 and 280 kPa. Air
is cooled to 35C before entering the
turbine. The lowest temperature of
this cycle is
(a) _58C (b) _26C (c) 5C
(d) 11C (e) 24C
11117 Consider an ideal gas
refrigeration cycle using
helium as the working fluid. Helium
enters the compressor at 100 kPa and
_10C and compressed to 250 kPa.
Helium isthen cooled to 20C before it
enters the turbine. For a mass flow
rate of 0.2 kg/s, the net power input
required is
(a) 9.3 kW (b) 27.6 kW (c) 48.8 kW
(d) 93.5 kW (e) 119 kW
11118 An absorption air-conditioning
system is to remove heat from the
conditioned space at 20C at a rate of
150 kJ/s while operating in an
environment at 35C. Heat is to be
supplied from a geothermal source at
140C. The minimum rate of heat
supply is
(a) 86 kJ/s (b) 21 kJ/s (c) 30 kJ/s
(d) 61 kJ/s (e) 150 kJ/s

compression refrigeration cycle with R134a as the working fluid operates

between the pressure limits of 120 kPa
and 1000 kPa. The mass fraction of
the refrigerant that is in the liquid
phase at the inlet of the evaporator is
(a) 0.65 (b) 0.60 (c) 0.40
(d) 0.55 (e) 0.35
11115 Consider a heat pump that
operates on the ideal vapor
compression refrigeration cycle with R-

11119 Consider a refrigerator that

operates on the vapor compression
refrigeration cycle with R-134a as the
working fluid. The refrigerant enters
the compressor as saturated vapor at
160 kPa, and exits at 800 kPa and
50C, and leaves the condenser as
saturated liquid at 800 kPa. The
coefficient of performance of this
refrigerator is
(a) 2.6 (b) 1.0 (c) 4.2
(d) 3.2 (e) 4.4
8145 Heat is lost through a plane
wall steadily at a rate of 800 W. If the
inner and outer surface temperatures
of the wall are 20C and 5C,
respectively, and the environment
temperature is 0C, the rate of exergy
destruction within the wall is
(a) 40 W (b) 17,500 W (c) 765 W

(d) 32,800 W (e) 0 W

8146 Liquid water enters an
adiabatic piping system at 15C at a
rate of 5 kg/s. It is observed that the
water temperature rises by 0.5C in
the pipe due to friction. If the
environment temperature is also 15C,
the rate of exergy destruction in the
pipe is
(a) 8.36 kW (b) 10.4 kW (c) 197 kW
(d) 265 kW (e) 2410 kW
8147 A heat engine receives heat
from a source at 1500 K at a rate of
600 kJ/s and rejects the waste heat to
a sink at 300 K. If the power output of
the engine is 400 kW, the second-law
efficiency of this heat engine is
(a) 42% (b) 53% (c) 83%
(d) 67% (e) 80%
8148 A water reservoir contains 100
tons of water at an average elevation
of 60 m. The maximum amount of
electric power that can be generated
from this water is
(a) 8 kWh (b) 16 kWh (c) 1630 kWh
(d) 16,300 kWh (e) 58,800 kWh
8149 A house is maintained at 25C
in winter by electric resistance
heaters. If the outdoor temperature is
2C, the second-law efficiency of the
resistance heaters is
(a) 0% (b) 7.7% (c) 8.7%
(d) 13% (e) 100%
8150 A 12-kg solid whose specific
heat is 2.8 kJ/kg C is at a uniform
temperature of _10C. For an
environment temperature of 20C, the
exergy content of this solid is
(a) Less than zero (b) 0 kJ (c) 4.6 kJ
(d) 55 kJ (e) 1008 kJ

8151 Keeping the limitations

imposed by the second law of
thermodynamics in mind, choose the
wrong statement below:
(a) A heat engine cannot have a
thermal efficiency of 100%.
(b) For all reversible processes, the
second-law efficiency is
100%.
(c) The second-law efficiency of a heat
engine cannot be
greater than its thermal efficiency.
(d) The second-law efficiency of a
process is 100% if no
entropy is generated during that
process.
(e) The coefficient of performance of a
refrigerator can be
greater than 1.
8152 A furnace can supply heat
steadily at a 1600 K at a rate of 800
kJ/s. The maximum amount of power
that can be produced by using the
heat supplied by this furnace in an
environment at 300 K is
(a) 150 kW (b) 210 kW (c) 325 kW
(d) 650 kW (e) 984 kW
8153 Air is throttled from 50C and
800 kPa to a pressure of 200 kPa at a
rate of 0.5 kg/s in an environment at
25C. The change in kinetic energy is
negligible, and no heat transfer occurs
during the process. The power
potential wasted during this process is
(a) 0 (b) 0.20 kW (c) 47 kW
(d) 59 kW (e) 119 kW
8154 Steam enters a turbine steadily
at 4 MPa and 400C and exits at 0.2
MPa and 150C in an environment at
25C. The decrease in the exergy of
the steam as it flows through the
turbine is
(a) 58 kJ/kg (b) 445 kJ/kg (c) 458 kJ/kg
(d) 518 kJ/kg (e) 597 kJ/kg