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The volume common to two cylinders of radii r , ::; r2 with axes intersecting at angle
is found to be r~v ( k ) /s in (3, wher e k = rl /r2 and v(k) may be evaluated (1) as t h e hy pergeometric series
{3
(2) as t he combination of complete elliptic integrals (8/3) [(1 + k 2) E (k ) - (1- k2) K (k) or
(3) as the cumulative integral
8
.C
kE (k )dk.
A table of v( k) to 8 decimals over the ran gc 0 ::; k (0.01 ) ::; 1.00, including 0;' modified second
central d ifferences, is presented. This volum e integral was useful in interpret ing a gammaray albedo exp eri ment involving a collimated s ource and a collimated d et ector, and may also
be applicable to crossed-beam experim ents. Two series useful for k close to unity are provided, one of wh ich involves differencing against t he series
1. Introduction
"
In crossed-b eam experiments [1 ] 1 using the highintensity accel erators now becoming available, th e
"geometrical target," or volume common to the two
colliding beams, is a useful parameter for interpreting
the measured data. An evalu ation of this volume in
terms of an infmite series was recently exhum ed for
possible application to an x-ray free-air ionization
chamb er having a Gylindrical sensitive volume intersected by a pencil of x rays [2]. This evaluation
had b een used in t he analysis of a gamma-ray beam
back-scattering experiment [3] for making a theoretical estimate of the single-scattered component of
the radiation "seen" by a collimated detector.
Evalu ations of the volume common to two circular
cylinders of unequal radii with axes intersecting
at right angles [4, 5, 6], and of equal radii with axes
intersecting at an arbitrary angle [7], have frequ en tly
been offered as calculus textbook exercises. H owever, a combined treatment does not seem to appear
in t he technical literature in a form convenient for
easy application to practical problems. The following r esults provide formulas, a table, and a graph
for such applications.
The series used in [3] is here corrected, expressed
in terms of binomial coeffi cients, and identified as a
hypergeometric series. For nearly equal cylinder
radii, convergence can be accelerated by use of the
difference-seri es technique [8]. An alternative series
for t his region, derived from the right-angle ellipticintegral solu tion [4, 5, 6], is more complicated but
also more rapidly convergent.
2 . Volume Integral
The integr al for the common volume of two
cylinders of r adii 1'1':::; 1'2 with axes intersecting at
angle {3 (see fig. 1) is found as follows. The cross
section parallel to the cylinder axes, at a distance
x from them, is a parallelogram of h eight 2(1'~_ X2) 1 /2
and base 2(1'~- x2)1 /2!sin {3. Hence t h e volume integral is
T
2 ( 1,2 x2 ) 1/2
V(1' 1'2 (3) =
' 2 (1'2_ X2)1 /2 .
1:dx
(1 a)
I"
-71
2
SIn {3
(1b )
(3)
1
139
(~)2
(I
Jo
t-
I / 2 (I
_ t )1/ 2
(1 -~2t )1 /2dt,
(6)-
-4' ~; 2;~)
(~y2FI (
(7)
471"1'~(3 { -34 - L;
'"
V (1'l, 1'2, (3) =-;-SIn
71" n=1 n
(8)
J
1. Three-view sketch of the common volume of cylinders
wtth radii r l and 1'2 axially intersecting at angle {3.
FIGURE
The area of the shaded parallelogram parallel to the plane of the axes in the lower
left view comprises t he integrand in eq (l a) and is integrated over the range
-Tl~x5rl shown in the other two v iews.
where
k =1't/1'2.
3
'"
= _._"'_2 ~
)2(1'1)
10
r; -
(1.) (n-l
1. ) (1'....!.
) 2n
1'2
2
sm (3 n=1 n
...
.r
}
(5)
(10)
2 This integral is part of the "0 factor" used for interpreting gas scattering experiments in which a circular-aperture detector views a gas target transversed
by a cylindrical beam. In this context this elliptic integral solut ion has been
given by E. A. Silverstein, N ucl. Instr. and Meth. 4, 53 (1959) and by D. F .
H erring and K . W . Jones, Nuc!. Instr. and M eth. 30, 88 (1964).
140
TABLE
(11)
5 . Numerical Results
In table 1, the dimensionless fac tor
v(lc ) =
sin 13
3- V(r" 1'2, 13),
1'2
= 47r
~ (!)
(1)
n n- l
n= l
(12a)
lc 2n ,
(1 2b )
o!
v(k)
/1
0. 00
0.0000
0000
+ 12
5665
.0 1
, 02
,03
,04
, 05
0.0006
0,0025
0,0056
0,0 100
0,0\57
283 1
13 15
5423
5 109
0305
12
12
J2
J2
12
5656
5627
5580
,06
,07
, 08
, 09
, 10
0,0226
0,0:J07
0,0401
0, 0508
0, 0627
0928
6874
80 19
4222
532 1
12
1.2
J2
J2
12
5325
. 11
. ]2
0,0759
0,0903
0, 1059
0, 1228
0, 1409
1 138
147 1
6 104
4797
7294
12
J2
J2
12
J2
, 16 0, 1603
,17 0. J809
, 18 0,2027
, 19 0,2257
,2O 0,2500
33 1.6
2569
47J5
9478
6441
,2 1
, 22
, 23
,24
,25
0,2755
0, 3022
0,3301.
0, 3592
0, 3896
,26
,27
,28
, 29
,30
o~
v(I;)
0,5 1
,52
,53
,54
,55
I. 5792
1. 6394
1.7005
I. 7627
1. 8257
3625
2033
8043
0439
7969
+9
9
9
9
9
8789
7607
6391
5142
3854
,56
,57
,58
,59
,60
1. 8897
1. 9547
2, 0205
2, 087J
2, 1549
934 6
3247
8308
:J 128
6262
9
9
8
8
8
2530
1167
9766
8323
6837
4302
4065
3807
3530
,6 1
,62
,63
,64
,65
2,2234
2,2928
2,:J630
2, 4340
2,5058
6226
1190
0478
J570
3093
8
8
8
8
7
5308
3734
211 2
0441
8719
12
12
12
12
12
3234
29 17
258 1
22"24
1848
,66
, 67
, 68
,69
, 7O
2.5784
2, 6518
2,12.,9
2,8007
2,8763
3325
0490
2757
8235
4974
7
7
7
7
6943
5113
3222
1272
9258
5248
5502
6786
8660
0667
12
12
12
12
11
1451
1034
0595
0136
9656
,71
, 72
,73
,74
, 75
2, 9526
3.0295
3, 1071
3, 1853
3,2641
0957
4102
2253
3179
4571
6
6
6
6
5
7174
5020
2791
0481
8086
0, 4211
0, 453
0, 4877
0,5228
0,5590
2326
31 :J5
2572
0092
5 129
11
11
11
11
11
9154
8632
8087
7520
6932
,76
, 77
, 78
, 79
,80
3,3435
3, 4234
3, 5039
3,5849
3,6664
4031
9073
71 11
5457
1308
5
5
5
4
4
5600
30 16
0328
7527
4605
,3 1
, 32
, 33
,34
,35
0,596<1
0,6350
0,6747
0, 7 156
0,7577
7093
5373
9:J36
832:J
1654
11
11
11
11
6320
5686
5029
4348
3644
,8 1
,82
,83
,84
.85
3,7483
3,8306
3, 9 133
3, 9963
4,0797
1740
3696
3972
9206
5861
4
3
3
3
2
1550
8350
4992
1456
7725
,36
, 37
, :J8
, 39
, 40
0,8008
0,845 1
0.8906
0.9:J7l
0,9847
8626
8508
0549
3970
7969
II
11
10
291 5
2163
138"
0582
9753
,86
,87
,88
,89
,9O
4, 1634
4,2472
4,33 1.:J
4, 41 55
4, 4999
0199
8265
5853
8469
1288
2
1
1
1
3 774
9574
5089
0276
5075
, 41
, 42
. 43
. 44
. 45
1. 0335
1. 0833
I. J342
1. 1862
1. 2392
17 16
4356
5009
2764
6686
10
10
10
10
10
8899
8017
7108
6171
5207
, 9J
, 92
,93
, 94
,95
4.5842
4, 6686
4,8371
4, 9210
9096
62 13
6390
2665
7158
I
2
3
586
6811
3730
1554
0581
, 46
, 47
, 48
, 49
,50
1. 2933
I. 3484
1. 4046
1. 46 18
1. 5200
5809
9 14 1
5657
4304
3999
1O
10
10
10
+ 9
4213
3191
2J37
1053
9937
,96
, 97
,98
, 99
1. 00
5, 0047
5, 0879
5, 1705
5.2525
5, 3333
0740
2495
8678
0293
3333
4
5
-7
1308
4606
1824
, 13
, 14
, 15
.. .
11
II
11
55 t4
5429
5203
506 1
4900
4720
4520
4.7529
----
- ---
(12c)
= 8. r lcE (lc)dlc,
(12d)
(l2e)
Vh,
1'~
(13)
141
"' (1.)2
__ ~
7T
n-1
n=1
)2 (
)2
1)2 ( 1
1. 3
= 1+ ( 2" + 2.4 + 2.4.6 + ...
(17)
to form
4 + _=~"2
4
_
00
(
371" 71"
n=1
n-1
(18)
(19)
the result is
16
", (
1. ) (l~!.)
371"=~ n~l
= 1 -3 + -131
- + _ 1 .311
_2 2 24 24 246
13 3113
+2,4.6'2,4.6.8
0. 2
0 .4
0. 6
0.8
+ 1,35
3 . 1 ' 1 . 3 5 +
2,4,6 . 8 ' 2 4 6 . 8 ' 10 ".,
1. 0
(20)
k=r,/ r 2
FIGURE
6 . Appendix.
(15)
from which
5(246
1.3)2
-
-8
...
7 , References
(16)
[8] L. F. Epstein and N. E. French, Improving the convergence of series: Application to some elliptic integrals,
Am. Math. Monthly 63, 698 (1956); also L. F. Epstein
and J. H. Hubbell, Evaluation of a generalized elliptictype integral, J. R es. NBS 67B, 1 (1963).
[9] See, for example, H. B. Dwight, Tables of Integrals and
Other Mathematical Data, 3d ed. p. 2, eq (5.3).
(MacMillan, New York, 1957).
[10] W. Magnus and F. ObCl'hettinger, Formulas a nn
Theorems for the Special Functions of Mathematical
Physics, p. 8 (Chelsca Pub I. Co., New York, 1949).
[11] A. F letcher, A table of completc elliptic intcg rals, Phil.
Mag. (7) 30, 516 (1940), in which K(k) and E(k) a re
conveniently tabulated for 0 5k(0.01) S 1.00 to ten
decimals.
[12] P. F . Byrd and M. D. Friedman, Handbook of E lliptic
I ntegrals for Engineers and Physicists (SpringerVerlag, Berlin, 1954).
[13] A. Erdelyi, W. Magnus, F. Oberhettinger and F . G.
Tricomi, H igher T r anscendental Functions Vo l. 1,
p. 110, eq (12). (Bateman Manuscript P r oject).
[14] H. T. Davis, Tables of the Higher Mathematical Functions, Vol. 1, pp. 126-127 (Principia Press, Bloomington, Indiana, 1933)
[15] Nautical Almanac Office, I nterpolation and Allied Tables,
pp.44-53 (H.M . Stationery Office, London , 1956) .
[16] M. Abramowitz and 1. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of
M athematical Functions, NBS Applied Math. Series
55, pp. 880, 901-3 (J une, 1964).
[17] See, for example, L. W. B. Jolley, Summation of Series
(Dover, New York, revised 2d edition, 1961). Note
that eq (409), p . 76 of this reference is identical with
(274) p. 50 if the limiting sum is changed from (11 /".) - 4
to t he correct value of (16/".) - 4.
[1 ] T . J . Bromwich, Introduction to the Theory of I nfinite
Series, p. 190 (MacM illa n Co., London , 1926).
143