MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

TABLE OF CONTENTS:S. NO.

TOPIC

PAGE No.

1.

OBSERVATIONS OF LAST SEMESTER

2.

FOCAL POINTS FOR THE CURRENT

SEMESTER

3.

SYLLABUS AS PER M.D. UNIVERSITY

4.

STUDY MATERIAL

5.

TEACHING METHODOLOGY

6.

LESSON PLAN

7-8

7.

SEMINAR DETAILS

8.

ASSIGNMENTS(1 7)

10-16

9.

ASSIGNMENT DETAILS

17

10.

ATTENDANCE SHEET

18-20

11.

ASSIGNMENTS GRADING SHEET

21-22

12.

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS

23-27

13.

NOTES BY FACULTY

27 ONWARDS

OBSERVATIONS OF LAST SEMESTER

Page 1 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

1. Due to strictness in marking of grades for assignments

almost every student deposited his/her assignment on time.
2. This strictness will be continued along with the regular oral
test from the assignments as student just tries to copy the
assignment in order to complete it.
3. Representation skills:(i)
Stage fear
(ii)
Lack of communication skills
(iii)
Unable to converse properly
4. To make classes more interesting and knowledgeable
students will be encouraged to participate more in the topic
discussion which will also improve the subject knowledge
and also improve the communication skills where student
lacks. To aim for pass percentage up to 100% to achieve the
top 10 position in the reputed universities.
5. Students are not attending seminars seriously given by
experts. So students will be encouraged to prepare a special
note sheet for the same.
6. Students are lacking behind in the technical skills required
in the placement.
7. Late arrival of few students which disturbs the whole class.
8. Lack of interest of students in lectures.
Submitted by:Er. Umesh Gupta
(HOD ECE Deptt)

Submitted for your kind approval.

(Director Sir)
FOCAL POINTS FOR THE CURRENT SEMESTER
The development of the student as a complete professional should be the
foremost motto of any faculty. The following areas will be worked upon:

Page 2 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

1. Subject Knowledge of the Students:

a) Important topics related to the subject like RADAR TYPES,
APPLICATIONS, CW, MTI and PULSE RADAR will also be discussed.
The topics can also be from other universities.
b) Applications of RADAR and SONAR in navigation will also be
shown through ppt.
c) Introduction to recent development in concerned field will be given to
students.
d) Stress will be given on numerical problem solution.
2. Representation Skills of the Students:
a) Student will deliver seminar in front of the entire class on the topic as
per the subject.
b) Group discussion sessions will be organized to make students
confident.
3. Industrial Exposure:
a) Seminars by the experts will be organized at departmental level.
b) Industrial visits will be organized to make students familiar with the
recent technology and trends.
c) Extra assignments will be given to the weak students.
d) Website links and e books will be provided to the students for updating
knowledge at the subject level.
e) Self study of topics to be delivered by the guest faculty will be done
and students will be encouraged to participate effectively in the
seminars by questioning from the concerned person.

Page 3 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

SYLLABUS AS PER MAHARISHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK

ECE-453-F
LTP
Class Work: 50
31Exam: 100

RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING

Total: 150
Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs.
NOTE: For setting up the question paper, Question No. 1 will be set up from all the
four sections
which will be compulsory and of short answer type. Two questions will be set from
each of the four
sections. The students have to attempt first common question, which is compulsory,
and one question
from each of the four sections. Thus students will have to attempt 5 questions out of
9 questions.
Section-A
INTRODUCTION TO RADAR: Radar Block Diagram & operation, Radar Frequencies,
Radar
development, Application of Radar.
Section-B
RADAR EQUATION: Simple form of Radar Equation, Prediction of Range
performance, Minimum
detectable signal, Receiver noise, Signal to Noise ratio, Transmitter Power, Pulse
repetition frequency &
range ambiguities, System losses, Propagation effects.
CW & FREQUENCY MODULATED RADAR: The Doppler effect, CW Radar,
Frequency-modulated
CW Radar, Multiple Frequency CW Radar.
Section-C
MTI & PULSE DOPPLER RADAR: Introduction, Delay Line Cancellors, Multiple or
staggered, Pulse
repetition frequencies, range-Gated Doppler Filters, Digital Signal Processing, Other
MTI delay line,
Limitation of MTI performance, Noncoherent MTI, Pulse Doppler Radar,
MTI from a moving platform.
TRACKING RADAR: Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobbing, Conical Scan,
Monopulse Tracking
Radar, Tracking in range, Acquisition.
Section-D
Page 4 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

RECEIVERS, DISPLAYS & DUPLEXERS: Radar Receivers, Noise Figure, Mixer, Lownoise Front
ends, Displays, Duplexer, Receiver protectors.
INTRODUCTION TO SONAR.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Fundamentals of radar, sonar & Navigation engineering: K.K. Sharma
REFERANCE BOOK:
1. Introduction to Radar Systems: Merrill I. Skolnik, ; MGH

STUDY MATERIAL
1. SUGGESTED BOOKS FOR THE SUBJECT: Availability in the library
S.
No.
01

02
03
04
05
06

Title of the Book

Author/ Publisher

Fundamentals of radar,
sonar & Navigation
engineering
Introduction to Radar
Systems

K.K. Sharma

MICROWAVE AND RADAR

Microwave and radar
RADAR ENGINEERING
Fundamental of radar signal
processing

M. KULKARNI
V.S BAGAD
G.S.N RAJU
Mark Richard's

Merrill I. Skolnik, ; MGH

2. E-BOOKS:
Appendix-A

http://ebooksfreedownload.org/2011/02/introduction-to-radar-systems-3-edition.html

http://vinaych.webs.com/radar_systems_notes.pdf

http://books.google.co.in/books?
id=B6jIxVqT130C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepag
e&q&f=false

http://easilybooksdownload.blogspot.in/2013/07/ebook-radar-handbook-by-merrillskolnik.html
Page 5 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

3. RESEARCH PAPERS:

Appendix-B
Implications of radar rainfall estimates uncertainty on distributed hydrological
model predictions by K Schrter, X Llort, C Velasco-Forero.

Sparse learning via iterative minimization with application to MIMO radar

imaging by X Tan, W Roberts

Real-time remote sensing driven river basin modeling using radar altimetry
by SJ Pereira-Cardenal, ND Riegels

3. FACULTY NOTES:
Appendix-C

TEACHING METHODOLOGY
Session - 2013-14
Semester: 7th
Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh Gupta
Subject & Code: Digital and Analog Communication (EE-217 -F)
COURSE OBJECTIVEThe Course aims at developing core knowledge of RADAR AND SONAR engineering
among students. The most important area i.e. different types of RADAR and their
working will be explained. After the completion of the course student will be able to
have in depth knowledge of all said technologies which will be utilized in later part
of engineering education.
TEACHING METHODOLOGY:
The teaching pedagogy will be the composition of the following constituents:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Lectures, Presentations, Tutorials

Submission of the Assignments and class work
Seminar by Students as per schedule
Seminar by Invited Guest and Industrial Visits

Achievement:
1. Student will achieve basic knowledge about RADAR systems.
2. The applications of RADAR and SONAR etc. will be detailed.
Page 6 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

EVALUATIONBesides the semester end examination, the students will be continuously assessed
during the course on the following basis
i.
ii.
iii

Mid Term Examinations

:
30 Marks
Internal Assessment
:
20 Marks ( 10 for Assignments + 10 for
Attendance )
End Semester Examination : 100 Marks
Total

150 Marks

Session - 2013-14
Semester: 7th
Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh Gupta
Subject & Code: Digital and Analog Communication (EE-217 -F)
LESSON PLAN
Detailed Course Contents

References

Contact
Hours

INTRODUCTION TO RADAR: Radar Block

Diagram & operation, Radar Frequencies, Radar
development, Application of Radar.

Introduction to
Radar Systems
(Merrill I.
Skolnik)

Date of Assignment: 29-08-2013

Date of Submission: 06-09-2013
Date of Discussion: 10-09-2013

Fundamentals
of RADAR &
SONAR
engineering by
K.K. SHARMA

Section 1

Page 7 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

2
3

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

Section 2
RADAR EQUATION: Simple form of Radar
Equation, Prediction of Range performance,
Minimum
detectable signal, Receiver noise, Signal to Noise
ratio, Transmitter Power, Pulse repetition
frequency &
range ambiguities, System losses, Propagation
effects.
CW & FREQUENCY MODULATED RADAR: The
Doppler effect, CW Radar, Frequency-modulated
CW Radar, Multiple Frequency CW Radar.
Date of Assignment: 21-09-2013
Date of Submission: 1-10-2013
Date of Discussion: 3-10-2013

Introduction to
Radar Systems
(Merrill I.
Skolnik)
Fundamentals
of RADAR &
SONAR
engineering by
K.K. SHARMA

Section 3

MTI & PULSE DOPPLER RADAR: Introduction,

Delay Line Cancellors, Multiple or staggered, Pulse
repetition frequencies, range-Gated Doppler
Filters, Digital Signal Processing, Other MTI delay
line,
Limitation of MTI performance, Noncoherent MTI,
Pulse Doppler Radar,
MTI from a moving platform.
TRACKING RADAR: Tracking with Radar,
Sequential Lobbing, Conical Scan, Monopulse
Tracking
Radar, Tracking in range, Acquisition.

Introduction to
Radar Systems
(Merrill I.
Skolnik)

Fundamentals
of RADAR &
SONAR
engineering by
K.K. SHARMA

Date of Assignment: 18-10-2013

Date of Submission: 25-10-2013
Date of Discussion: 29-10-2013
Section 4

RECEIVERS, DISPLAYS & DUPLEXERS: Radar

Receivers, Noise Figure, Mixer, Low-noise Front
ends, Displays, Duplexer, Receiver protectors.

Introduction to
Radar Systems
(Merrill I.
Skolnik)

INTRODUCTION TO SONAR.
Date of Assignment: 7-11-2013
Date of Submission: 15-11-2013
Date of Discussion: 19-11-2013

Fundamentals
of RADAR &
SONAR
engineering by
K.K. SHARMA

Page 8 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

5
2

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)
Total Number of Lectures

45+05=50

Session - 2013-14
Semester: 7th
Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh Gupta
Subject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)
SEMINAR DETAILS

SEMINAR TOPIC

GROUP (ROLL
NO. WISE)

BASICS OF Radar system

ROLL NO. 01 to 03

27-08-2013

Radar equation and

different parameters

ROLL NO. 04 to 07

07-09-2013

CW-FMCW RADAR

ROLL NO. 07 to 11

17-09-2013

MTI RADAR & PULSE

DOPPLER RADAR

ROLL NO. 12 to 15

S. NO.

5.

TRACKING RADAR

DATE OF SEMINAR

ROLL NO. 16 to
19

Page 9 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

30-09-2013

10-10-2013

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

6.

RECEIVER, DISPLAYS &

DUPLEXERS

ROLL NO. 20 to 23

20-10-2013

7.

Sonar system

ROLL NO. 24 up to
last

31-10-2013

Session - 2013-14
Semester: 7th
Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh Gupta
Subject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)
Date of Assignment: 29-08-2013
Date of Submission: 06-09-2013
Date of Discussion: 10-09-2013
ASSIGNMENT-1
1. Define RADAR. Explain the basic principle of RADAR.
2. How the position of RADAR is indicated? What is the difference between azimuth
and elevation?
3. What is the maximum unambiguous range? How is it related with pulse repetition
rate?
4. What are the applications of RADAR?
5. Draw the block diagram of RADAR and explain each part.
6. What are the limitations of RADAR?
7. What are the functions of RADAR?
8. What is the difference between pulse interval and PRF?

Page 10 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

9. Define the following:- pulse width, pulse repetition time, duty cycle, range
resolution, radar frequencies.
10. Determine the maximum unambiguous range and range resolution of a RADAR
having pulse width is 5 micro seconds at a PRF of 100hz.

Session - 2013-14
Semester: 7th
Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh Gupta
Subject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)
Date of Assignment: 03-09-2013
Date of Submission: 13-09-2013
Date of Discussion: 15-09-2013
ASSIGNMENT 2.
1. Derive the simple form of RADAR range equation.
2. What are the factors affecting the RADAR range?
3. How noise affects the detection process of RADAR?
4. What are the different types of system losses?
5. Derive the basic RADAR range equations as governed by the minimum receivable
echo power Pmin?
6. A transmission line with loss L is connected to the input of a receiver whose noise
figure is Fr. What is the overall noise figure of the combination?
7. What is the effect of receiver bandwidth on the maximum range of a well
designed radar, assuming the average power remains constant?
8. `How to calculate dwell time?
Page 11 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

9. Calculate the maximum radar range in terms of signal to noise ratio.

10. Define the following:- propagation effect, Antenna loss, Plumbing loss, ducting
effect.

Session - 2013-14
Semester: 7th
Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh Gupta
Subject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)
Date of Assignment: 21-09-2013
Date of Submission: 30-09-2013
Date of Discussion: 1-10-2013
ASSIGNMENT 3
1. What do you understand by Doppler Effect?
2. Explain the construction and working of FMCW radar.
3. What do you understand by Multiple Frequency CW radar?
4. What is the difference between pulse radar and CW radar?
5. Why CW radar cannot measure range?
6. How target velocity can be obtained by CW radar?
7. What are the applications of CW radar?
8. What are the drawbacks of CW radar?
9. What are the advantages of Doppler Effect?

Page 12 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

10. A CW transit frequency of 10GHz and Doppler frequency is 1000 Hz.

Calculate the radial velocity of the target.

Session - 2013-14
Semester: 7th
Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh Gupta
Subject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)
Date of Assignment: 27-09-2013
Date of Submission: 05-10-2013
Date of Discussion: 07-10-2013

ASSIGNMENT 4
1. What is the highest frequency that a radar can be operated at if it is
required to have a maximum unambiguous range of 200nmi and no blind
speech less than 600Kt.
2. What do you understand by term MTI?
3. Differentiate between MTI and pulse Doppler radar.
4. What are the limitations of MTI radar?
5. Describe Coherent MTI radar along with the diagram.
6. What is the necessity of delay line canceller?
7. Describe the various aspects of MTI from a moving platform.
8. What is sub clutter visibility?

Page 13 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

9. What is non- coherent MTI?

10. What are the advantages of digital MTI over analog MTI?

Session - 2013-14
Semester: 7th
Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh Gupta
Subject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)
Date of Assignment: 18-10-2013
Date of Submission: 25-10-2013
Date of Discussion: 29-10-2013
ASSIGNMENT 5
1. What do you understand by term Tracking Radar?
2. What is meant by beam splitting?
3. What is chief advantage of automatic detection and tracking?
4. Under what conditions does the Kalman filter perform like the
tracking filter?
5. What might be the upper bound of the resonant frequency of the servo
when the tracking antenna is 30ft in a diameter?
6. What is sequential lobbing?
7. Explain the working of monopulse tracking radar.
8. What do you understand by acquisition of target and explain the various
method of antenna scanning?
9. How is conical scanning an improvement over lobe switching?
10. Define tracking in range.
Page 14 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

Session - 2013-14
Semester: 7th
Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh Gupta
Subject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)
Date of Assignment: 23-10-2013
Date of Submission: 30-10-2013
Date of Discussion: 2-11-2013
ASSIGNMENT 6

1. Explain different types of radar receivers?

2. What is the effect of receiver bandwidth over the performance of radar?
3. Explain the balanced duplexer along with diagram.
4. Define the following: - AFC, Balanced mixer, noise temperature, ferrite duplexer.
5. Explain the working of a image recovery mixer and give its limitations.
6. What are the factors influencing the BW of a radar receiver?
7. What do you understand by radar display?
8. Define the A scope.
9. What effect does the local oscillator have on the receivers dynamic range?
10. What is beta scan and plasma display?

Page 15 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

Session - 2013-14
Semester: 7th
Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh Gupta
Subject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)
Date of Assignment: 7-11-2013
Date of Submission: 15-11-2013
Date of Discussion: 19-11-2013
ASSIGNMENT 7

1. Define SONAR.
2. Explain the working of SONAR.
3. What are the applications of SONAR?
4. What is the use of SONAR in navigation?
5. Explain the propagation mode of SONAR.
6. What is the basic principle of SONAR?
7. What are the limitations of SONAR?
8. What is hydrophone array?
9. What are the different types of SONAR?
10. What are the different types of noise produced in SONAR?

Page 16 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

Session
Semester: 7th
Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh Gupta
Subject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)

2013-14

ASSIGNMENT DETAILS
S. NO.

ASSIGNMEN
TS

ASSIGNME
NT ISSUE
DATE

ASSIGNMENT
SUBMISSION
DATE

ASSIGNMENT
CHECK/DISCUSSION
DATE

Assignment 1

29-08-2013

06-09-2013

10-09-2013

Assignment 2

03-09-2013

13-09-2013

15-09-2013

Assignment 3

21-09-2013

30-09-2013

1-10-2013

Assignment 4

27-09-2013

05-10-2013

5.

Assignment 5

18-10-2013

25-10-2013

29-10-2013

6.

Assignment 6

23-10-2013

30-10-2013

02-11-2013

7.

Assignment 7

7-11-2013

15-11-2013

Page 17 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

07-10-2013

19-11-2013

FACULTY

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

Page 18 of 18
INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

FACULTY