Location

and time
Iztapalapa
and
Miguel
Hidalgo,
Mexico
city,
1999

Finland,
1980

Design

Variables

Results

Measurement

Instrument

References

Cross
sectiona
l

DV: obesity
Covariate:
1. Hours
of
television
programs and
other
video
viewing
2. Physical
activity
3. Energy intake
4. Percentage of
energy
from
fat,
5. Town
of
location
of
school,
6. age,
7. gender and
8. Perception of
mother's
weight status
DV: obesity
Controlled
variables: Age

Physical activity and

television viewing, but
not VCR=videogames
use, were related to
obesity
prevalence in Mexican
children 9 16 y old.

1. Children

1. portable

1. Rockett H, Breitenbach

Cohort
(10
years
followup plan)

2.

Regular
physical
activity prevents body
mass gain and physical
activity is a risk factor
for
obesity
among
adults.

Cross
sectiona
l

DV: obesity
Cofounding:
1. social
factor
and
health
behaviour such
as
physical
activity,
2. alcohol
consumption,
3. diet,
4. weight control

Social factors remained

significant predictors of
BMI after controlling for
all health behaviours.
Neither social factors
alone,
nor
health
behaviours
alone,
adequately
explained
the variance in BMI.
Gender-specific
interactions were found
between social factors
and individual health
behaviours

2.
3.
4.

stadiometer
for
height
measurement
O-Haus
digital
portable
scale
for
weight measurement
Lange calipers is used
for measurement of
Tricep skinfold
Moderate and vigorous
physical activity levels
were assessed using a
15-item questionnaire
adapted from the Youth
Activity Questionnaire
(Field A, Colditz GA, Fox
MK, Bosch RJ, Peterson
KF, unpublished data)

1. Measurement of 1. SECA 872 weighing

2.

Australia,
2002

completed a selfadministered
questionnaire to
assess
time
spent in physical
activity
and
television
viewing,
and
diet.
Height
weight
and
triceps
skinfolds
were
measured

1.
2.

3.

average
body
mass
change
during 10 year
follow-up
was
conducted.
Self-administered
questionnaires
for determining
leisure time and
physical activity
BMI calculated to
nearest 0.1 cm
and 0.1 kg.
Physical activity
is measured by
asking
certain
form of exrcise
such as runing
for previous 2
weeks and score
ranges
calculated
as
vigorous,
moderate
low
and sedentary.
Dietary
intake
measured
by
food
frequency

scale

2. Questionnaires

questionnaire

2.

M, Frazier A, Witschi J,
Wolf AM, Field AE,
Colditz GA. Validation of
a
youth=adolescent
food
frequency
questionnaire. Prev Med
1997; 26: 808 816.
Hernadez-Prado,
B.,
Colditz,
G.
A.,
&
Peterson, K. E. (1999).
Association of obesity
with physical activity,
television programs and
other forms of video
viewing among children
in
Mexico
City.
International Journal of
Obesity
(1999)
23,
845854.
Haapanen N, Miilunpalo
S, Pasanen M, Oja P,
and Vuori I. Association
between leisure time
physical activity and
10-yr
body
mass
change among workingaged men and women.
Int J Obes Relat Metab
Disord
21:288296,
1997.

Ball k, Mishra G D, Crawford

D.
Social factors and
obesity: an investigation of
the role of health behavior.
International
Journal
of
Obesity