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Diet
Termites are generally grouped according to their nesting
and feeding habits. Thus, the commonly used general
groupings are subterranean, soil-dwelling, drywood,
dampwood, and grass-eating. Of these, subterraneans
and drywoods are primarily responsible for damage to
human-made structures.
All termites eat cellulose in its various forms as plant
fibre. Cellulose is a rich energy source (as demonstrated
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systematics
Evolutionary history
Termite
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Reproductives
At maturity, a primary queen has a great capacity to lay
eggs. In some species, the mature queen has a greatly
distended abdomen and may produce 20,000 to 30,000
eggs a day. The two mature ovaries may have some
2000 ovarioles each. The abdomen increases the
queens body length to several times more than before
mating and reduces her ability to move freely, though
attendant workers provide assistance. The queen is
widely believed to be a primary source of pheromones
useful in colony integration, and these are thought to be
spread through shared feeding (trophallaxis).
The king grows only slightly larger after initial mating and
continues to mate with the queen for life (a termite queen
can live for 45 years.
The winged (or alate) caste, also referred to as the
primary reproductive caste, are generally the only
termites with well-developed eyes, although workers of
some harvesting species do have well-developed
compound eyes, and, in other species, soldiers with eyes
occasionally appear. Termites on the path to becoming
alates going through incomplete metamorphosis form a
subcaste in certain species of termites, functioning as
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Termite
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Nests
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Termite
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systematics
Systematics
As of 2013, about 3,106 living and fossil termite species
are recognized, classified in 12 families These are
arranged here in a phylogenetic sequence, from the most
basal to the most advanced:
Porotermitinae
Emerson,
1942
Stolotermitinae
Holmgren,
1910
Clade
Icoisoptera
Engel,
2013
Kalotermitidae Froggatt (22 genera, 419 species)
Clade Neoisoptera Engel, Grimaldi, & Krishna, 2009
Arcehorhinotermitidae Krishna & Grimaldi, 2003
Stylotermitidae
Holmgren,
K
&
N,
1917
Rhinotermitidae
(14
genera,
343
species)
Coptotermitinae
Holmgren
Heterotermitinae
Froggatt
Prorhinoterminae Quennedey & Deligne, 1975
Psammotermitinae
Holmgren
Rhinotermitinae
Froggatt
Termitogetoninae
Holmgren
Serritermitidae
(2
genera
and
species)
Termitidae
(236
genera,
1958
species)
Apicotermitinae Grass & Noirot, 1954 (42 genera, 208
species)
Foraminitermitinae Holmgren, 1912 (2 genera, 9 species)
Macrotermitinae Kemner, 1934 (13 genera, 362 species)
Nasutitermitinae Hare, 1937 (80 genera, 576 species)
Sphaerotermitinae Engel & Krishna, 2004 (1 species)
Syntermitinae Engel & Krishna, 2004 (13 genera, 99
species)
Cubitermitinae
Termitinae Latreille, 1802 (90 genera, 760 species)
The most current classification of termites is summarized
by Engel & Krishna (2004), Engel et al. (2009), and
Krishna et al. (2013)
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