Literature

Triangular Approach

anything that is written

Imitation of a sequence event

(Aristotle)
Understanding literature us
understanding life

Why do we need literature?

1. Information
2. Entertainment
3. Cultural Upliftment
4. Inspiration

interchangeable

reader and writer meet at some

point

writer (sender) -> literary piece

(message) -> reader (receiver)

5. Discovery

Forms of Literature

Standards
Difference of Prose and Poetry
1. Artistry quality that appears to our
sense of beauty
A. by looking at:

Form

Writing

a. Title
b. Length
c. Unfamiliar words
2. Intellectual Value

Prose
Type of

Poetry
Stanza /
Verse

Langua

Paragraph
Formal / Ordinary

Figurative /

ge
Appeal

To the Intellect

Rhythmical
To the

3. Spiritual Value should have moral

Emotions

value

To inform

To Stir the

5. Permanence

To construct

Imaginatio

6. Universal timeless

To convince

4. Suggestiveness know its standpoint

Forms of Literature

Aim

2. Prose
2 Division of Prose

1. Prose

ordinary type of writing

do not adheres with others, but

with grammar

no structure

A. Fiction written stories about people

and events that are not real. Literature
that tells stories which are imagined by
writer.
1. Short Story short written story
usually dealing with few characters. Short
work that is fiction or imaginary.

G. Symbol Abstract Ideas

Elements of Short Story
2. Novel long fictitious story with
A. Setting time and place

complicated plot, and have many chapters

a. Explicit theres a setting

3. Legend historical basis

b. Implicit you need to identify

4. Myths tradition, beliefs and religion

the setting.

5. Parable Stories from bible with moral

B. Character representation of human

values

being in the story

6. Fables characters are animals

a. Protagonist - hero

7. Fairytale prince, princess, kings and

b. Antagonist - villain

queens

c. Round Character dynamic

8. Parody Humor

character
d. Flat Character stereotype

9. Play/Drama should be performed at

stage

character

Comedy fun

C. Conflict struggle or problem

Tragic Comedy

Tragedy serious, dramatic

a. Internal man vs. himself

b. Interpersonal man vs. man
c. External man vs. society /
nature
D. Plot sequence of event in the story
a. Conventional - chronological
order

B. NON FICTION
1. Essay short and expository in nature.
Your point of view or perspective
2. Letter written message of a sender
and receiver
3. Diary daily written record of mans
life that is based on the observation in the
life of the writer
4. Journal for intended readers
5. Biography story of the life of a

b. Unconventional not in order

E. Theme central idea or idea
F. Point of View narrator is one of main
character
a. First Person Point of View Narrator
is one of the main character
b. Third Person Point of View
Narrator is just a observer
c. Omniscient Narrator knows
the feeling of character.

person by other who knows them well. Life

story that is written
6. Autobiography written record of
mans life that is written by himself
7. Eulogy for death
8. Speech generalized word for a
discourse that is delivered to audience
a. Lecture
b. Address planned speech
delivered to large number of audience
c. Oration formal type of speech;
talking about specific topic

concepts
2. POETRY poesis

4. Apostrophe address to someone as if

Expression of feelings and ideas

an abstract idea. As if its alive

Uses figurative speech

5. Metonymy one word which is used for

Observation and imagination

another which is suggested or substitution

Rhythmical expression of beauty

Elements of Poetry

1. Persona speaker of the poem

6. Oxymoron bittersweet
7. Onomatopoeia
8. Hyperbole exaggeration
9. Irony opposite of what is real

2. Address to whom the poem is

dedicated to

Narrative Poetry

3. Sound
a. Rhyme words of same sound
at the END
b. Rhyme Scheme formal
arrangement
abab cdcd efef gg
abab bcbc cdcd ee
c. Rhythm
d. Meter

A. Epic heroic explain with supernatural

powers
B. Ballad tell a story about adventures
and romance
C. Metrical Romance medieval
romance
D. Metrical Tale story or series of
fairytale that is connected to each other

i. Dactylic 1s; 2us

ii. Anapestic 2us; 1s
iii. Iambi 1us; 1s
iv. Trochaic 1s; ius
4. Repitition
a. Alliteration repetition of
similar consonant sound
b. Consonance repetition of
internal consonant sound
c. Assonance similar vowel
sounds
5. Parallelism repetition of grammatical
pattern.
Figures of Speech
1. Simile as, like
2. Metaphor implied comparison of 2
unlike things
3. Personification gives human
attributes to inanimate objects or

Lyrical Poetry
A. Song
B. Elegy death
C. Psalms
D. Sonnet 14 line poem
E. Ode Reflects reality
F. Haiku Japanese poetry 5 7 5 (3
lines)