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Abstract
An integrated bypassed oil identification methodology
was developed and successfully applied to identify and
quantify the presence of bypassed oil opportunities in
mature water-drive reservoirs in an offshore field in
Malaysia.
A 3D reservoir static model was first built as part of
the geological review. Reservoir performance review
was carried out in conjunction with material balance and
average fluid contact movement calculations to
understand the drive mechanism and to estimate the
current fluid contacts. Performance matching was
carried out with an analytical 1D 2-phase BuckleyLeverett model to assess the potential scope of recovery
with additional development. Together with dynamic
production data animation on 2D maps, a good view of
the production-drainagewater influx pattern progression
with time was obtained enabling a first pass identification
of bypassed oil opportunities. Well performance data
were then used to estimate the likely local fluid contacts
in the area or sand layers of the completions. The
inferred fluid contacts defining the identified bypassed oil
were further calibrated with fluid contacts seen in recent
wells and crosschecked with 3D seismic features where
possible. Bypassed oil-in-place volumes were calculated
using the saturation-initialized 3D static model.
The methodology had been successfully applied in
reviewing 14 highly matured water-drive oil reservoirs
with small to large initial gas caps. The emphasis of this
paper is to describe how it can be applied to locate
bypassed oil. Although the field concerned had
undergone 8 previous phases of development
campaigns, application of the approach had led to
identification of a substantial number of potential
recovery opportunities for further development
consideration.
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Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Petroliam National Berhad and
Sarawak Shell Berhad for permission to publish this
paper. Appreciation is given to Robert Deutman, Oscar
Chona and Stuart Arnott of Shell EPA-T-DMC and
Abdullah Embong and Mohd Nazlee Rasol of Petronas
Carigali Sdn Bhd for their encouragement and input; and
members of the Full Field Review study team, Christiane
Schell, Lubor Borkovec, Akam Somadina, Ken Goring,
Liu Jian Chun and Tom Maher who have made
contribution to the bypassed oil study.
Nomenclature
AVO = amplitude vertical offset
Bopd = barrel oil per day
Cumoil = cumulative oil production
Cumwater = cumulative water production
Cumoilwater = cumulative oil and water production
Cumgasboe = cumulative gas production in barrel oil
equivalent
COWC = current oil water contact
CGOC = current gas oil contact
LRUT =logged low resistivity up-to depth (water invaded)
ODT = oil down to
OWC = oil water contact
POWC = possible oil water contact
OIIP = Oil initially in place
MMstb = million stock tank barrel
Mstb = thousand stock tank barrel
GOR = gas oil ratio, scf/stb
WC = fw = fractional water-cut
RF = recovery efficiency, fraction of OIIP
SE = volumetric sweep efficiency
Hw = water invaded net formation thickness
Ht = total net formation thickness
Kw = end point water relative permeability
Ko = end point oil relative permeability
Qw = water production rate, stb/d
Qo = water production rate, stb/d
Bo = oil formation volume facto, rb/stb
Bw = water formation volume factor, rb/stb
Po = reservoir oil viscosity, cp
Pw = reservoir water viscosity, cp
References
1. N. Pauzi, F.N. Low, A. Abas, A.R. Juwaini, H.
Maksari, PETRONA Carigali Sdn. Bhd: Revitalizing
The West Lutong Field, SPE 57266, presented at
SPE 109077
37
3755
AAxxis
is 11
30
3000
AAxxis
is 22
22
2255
12
1250
5000
ccvv. .gor
c ff/b
bl l ))
gor (( M
Mc
/bb
PDG
PDGAASS (( M
Mccff/d
/d ))
10
1000
0000
75
7500
00
15
1500
50
5000
00
75
75
25
2500
00
00
19
7 2 7733 74
5
1971
7172
7 4 75
75 76
76 77
77 7788 7799 80
80 81
81 82
82 8833 8844 85
85 86
86 87
87 88
88 89
89 9900 9911 92
92 93
93 94
94 9955 9966 97
97 98
98 99
9922000
0000011 02
02 03
03 04
04 005
00
Dat
Datee
1.
1.00
cv
terrcu
t
c v.wa
.w ate
c ut
0.
0.88
0.
0.66
0.
0.44
0.
0.22
0.
0.00
19
7 2 7733 74
5
1971
7172
7 4 75
75 76
76 77
77 7788 7799 80
80 81
81 82
82 8833 8844 85
85 86
86 87
87 88
88 89
89 9900 9911 92
92 93
93 94
94 9955 9966 97
97 98
98 99
9922000
0000011 02
02 03
03 04
04 005
Dat
Datee
30
3000
00
AAxxisis 11
24
2400
00
18
1800
00
AAxxisis 22
50
5000
00
PPDLIQ
DLIQUID
UID (( bbl/d
bbl/d ))
PPDO
DOILIL (( bb
bbl/d
l/d ))
40
4000
00
30
3000
00
ccvv.c.cum
oil (( M
bbl
umoil
Mb
bl ))
12
1200
00
20
2000
00
60
6000
10
1000
00
00
19
7 2 7733 74
5
1971
7172
7 4 75
75 76
76 77
77 7788 7799 80
80 81
81 82
82 8833 8844 85
85 86
86 87
87 88
88 89
89 9900 9911 92
92 93
93 94
94 9955 9966 97
97 98
98 99
9922000
0000011 02
02 03
03 04
04 005
Dat
Datee
00
SPE 109077
Well 27S1
SW crest; 1993
Well 7S1
Well 8S1
Well 11S1
10
SPE 109077
WL8S1
Average Contacts Calculation:
CGOC : Gas-cap produced
COWC: around 5120-5140 ftss
Est.COWC 2005
Well 14 5137
Central: 11S1
11S1 (1999)
LRUT 5151
8S1
SW: 12S1
12S1 (1999)
POWC 5188
Est.COWC 2005
16S1 5173
North: 8S1
12S1 (1999)
ODT 5189
SPE 109077
11
12/2000
-5225
-5124
16S
6
11
8S
10
14
15
9S
16S
8S
35
14
13S
13S
21
cv.cumoil ( Mbbl )
cv.cumwater ( Mbbl )
cv.cumgasboe ( Mcf )
cv.owgboe ( bbl )
3089008
cv.cumoil ( Mbbl )
1471.89
-5225
735.94
-5124
cv.cumoilwater
2839868.23
12/2005
1419934.12
-5124
16S
6
0.00
11
8S
10
14
15
9S
35
-5225
16S
0.00
8S
14
13S
21
12
SPE 109077
SPE 109077
13
x+
16S1
x+
8S1
7S1
10
ab
Bypass-oil polygon
+
9S2
15
27S1
13S1
21
Fig. 12: Reservoir contour map with 3D RMS amplitude map and
original contacts.
15
+
11
ab