OPINION ABOUT THE REAL REASON WHY THE AVENUE AND ASSOCIATED GREEN SPACES

ARE AT A HIGH LEVEL OF DESTRUCTION AND USURPATION

Picture 1 Real map of town - parcel boundaries - there is a real problem, from digital map of parcel
boundaries, Public Enterprise "Directorate - Planning", 2003

Urban plans define the purpose of parcels in any populated area. Between the blocks of housing, which
consist small and large parcels of different purposes, there are street parcels and their boundaries are in
most cases unchangeable.
Content of street parcel is determined on the basis of urban norms. Depending on the width of the profile,
purpose of block parcels and so on, streets rank, its content-type, the infrastructure, whether it will have a
green bar or not are determined.
The main project determines and defines the specific content. The usual practice is that the profile of the
street, linearly divides on bases of content, on:

sidewalk
Green area - strip = avenue
road
Green area - strip = avenue
sidewalk

Sidewalks and roads have clearly defined and unchanging width in the main project and can be considered
as "constants". However green space strip, must be cut into smaller pieces for parking, vehicular access
to the building and others. It then, in all cases, has a route of underground infrastructure, in many cases a

route of overhead infrastructure, includes billboards, advertisements, constructed manholes, transformer

stations and so on.
After the construction of streets, project implementation, green areas is further reduced by placing the
garden cafe, newsagent and many other facilities. A further reduction is going towards increase of the
number of parking spaces, or the construction of new parking lots, with or without the consent of the
authorities, without licensing development projects. On the other hand, the sidewalk and roads are
inviolable facilities of parcel - street, they can not reduce width, can only increase, purpose and ranking
may change, but these changes are mostly related to quality improvement and regulation of flows and
movements of the user space . Each reconstruction includes a new project, which is regularly reducing
green space.
All this means that green space - strips is : unprotected, unstable, not "constant", is not optional, it may not
exist = excess free space, with the content which would be desirable to be green space, but whose priority
is to contain underground and aboveground infrastructure. Thus, its purpose is subordinate to the main
purpose - road with green areas and sidewalks for the pedestrians. And for providing functionality of parcel
blocks, it must contain the route of the underground infrastructure that is easier to install and maintain if
they are in the soil, and not under the sidewalks or roads.
Parcel street, by itself, is not re-parceled on tape of new parcels by its purpose: pavement, roads, green
space - strips. And that is the main reason why green space - a ribbon, is not protected from change of use
and even from the termination of its existence.
Green area remains in a given issue until the next reconstruction project, which is made when there is the
need. Often a new project does not have greening project. More often absent bio-ecological base of the
location as pre-project documentation. The reason is - saving money (very small saving, since the preproject documentation and the main project of greening are not expensive compared to the price, of making
the complex project of reconstruction of the street).
When it is moved on realization of the project of reconstruction, a decrease in areas under lawns happens.
The reason is as follows - green area = tape in the picture is just part of the street parcel and thus her
intention may change for the sake of the higher interests of the city / settlement / users of space. These
interests are (again): wider streets, wider sidewalks and more parking, new facilities, infrastructure.
The Green Line was defined in urban plans as a line. Everyone understood as such, in the literal sense. 1
mm on the paper in the scale of 1: 1000 is 1 m in nature. If re-parceled happened on base of the main
Project, into two parcels for sidewalk, one parcel of roads and parcel grounds green space (0, 1, 2 parcels,
depending on the width of the profile), parcel green space - a strip, would be protected. This is probably for
most who read written as completely absurd proposal. Parceling of streets, crumbling of space on the basic
contents, which are still defined in the main project, stemming from the Urbanistic plans of various levels.
Why then re-parceling? Because, the standards for greenery are not well-founded and defined in details.
Because green areas are more viewed as a timber, grasslands are unnecessary, temptation for all except for
biologists, ecologists and those engaged in maintenance. Because green space - strips of greenery is not
viewed as part of a large system for the flow of clean, moist air and as the provision of air flow through the
city with the reduction of sunshine and glare. Unfortunately wood, especially lawn, are still a nuisance, not
a necessity and an integral part of the environment, called a inhabited settlement.
As stronger and normal care, does not exist, the Law on the green areas has not been adopted, as the green
is considered more as a popular political topic, since the landscape architecture is minorized reparcellation is the only way to immediately and permanently protect this small piece of parcel on the street,
which is called green area = green stripe = avenue. The priorities of the city are known and they must be
fulfilled, but cant be met as how ewer someone pleases, but can be met with clearly and accurately defined
changes in the green spaces.

Picture 2 Street Karaoreva, segments S1 i S2, from Cadastre of green surfaces, PUC Green 2014

Any changes on the parcel "roads" would not have to include the parcel "green area". None of new
infrastructure would not be able to pass without the project, which would be under the supervision of the
appropriate designer - landscape architect, designated by the competent institution that deals with the
maintenance of green areas - tape. In the event that there is no room for new infrastructure (underground
and / or aboveground) - it would not be able to pass through green area, so another solution must be found.
Besides, the absence of a new plan of greening as the main substantive part of the project of reconstruction,
can cause conflict between the old and the new situation of the project.

Picture 3 Street Karaoreva, segments S3 i S4, from Cadastre of green surfaces, PUC Green 2014

Picture 4 Green area strip = avenue it is only part of street parcel

Figure 1 presents zones of the city in which is the parcel Karaoreva street. Every parcel of street in the
city is located between and straight to clearly defined parcel in blocks and its borders can not be changed.
In Figures 2 and 3 show the plan of the street after the development of the cadastre of green areas, with the
situation that was created after the reconstruction of part of the road.
The project of reconstruction of roads and pavements had no greening plan, although it is better to write,
greening plan and / or reconstruction of green areas, was not presented to the PUC "Green". Even worse,
the project of reconstruction of the street had no Bioecologic basis. If it was done, it was done in order to
see which trees can be removed to provide space for parking.
Therefore in the third part of the street S3, which is in Figure 3, is completely abolished more than 150 m
of green areas: the avenue, on both sides of the road. Parking is done without leaving at least one opening
in the parking lot, in order to plant the new tree, even in the larger distances. The very green tape is tight
around 5 m, which is enough space to eliminate every 4th parking lot and turn it into a piece of green space
in which could be planted a tree. If it was done as such interruption in the line of trees would not occurred.
The conflict arose after the trees are removed, and the positions that were defined in the old project are
eliminated completely. Thus it is impossible to determine the actual area of green belt. New greening plan
does not exist, and the old plan is not repealed, as was previously the practice. In preparing the Cadastre
was impossible to answer the question - what to do with these old planting place? Whether to require and
insist on breaking the asphalt and planting a new tree, because there's room? Whether to abolish the
position completely? How to repeal when you do not have the legal competence?
Cadastre works expert team of engineers set by the PUC "green" company formed by the City and the City
Administration as the sole responsible for the maintenance of green areas. Needs of maintenance of green
areas are made on the basis of Project Planning, thereof. Changes, the project arise and changes in the
needs of maintenance. Completely abolishing the position of wood, responsible PUC "Green" was placed
in a confusing situation - how to maintain object assigned? In order to maintain a system that's been given
to to management and maintenance? Legally, we would have every right to plant a new tree, because we
have not seen the new greening plan, it was not provided for review nor approval is required for new
solution. The real confusion.
The most important consequence is complete break in the alley. Avenues are the most important element of
any system of greenery. Why? Because connect the major green spaces in the city, among themselves and
with the green areas outside the city. Without the avenue - there is no city, and more green spaces would
constantly be threatened by urbanization and adverse environmental conditions.
The population is less threatened by the lack of large green areas, although they are much more important
lungs of the city / settlement. It is much more threatened by the lack of avenues, especially those small
narrow green strips between the street and sidewalk. Grasslands are "only" help to reduce insolation to
reduce transpiration of water directly from the soil into the air, a slight increase in humidity, especially in
the early morning hours. Water transpiration through plants, thereby at least partially retains the morning
dew and returns at least a little, back in the land. "Miniature cycle of water circulation," no matter how
insignificant for the real needs - but it is very much important during the dry season, and certainly better
than bare soil or concrete.
Lawn is background, the basis for planting groups of plants, which are also an important element of any
green vegetation surface. Hedge protects the surface of the collision of vehicles - there is no parking as it
will scratch the car, tire drill. But more importantly, it protects all passers-by from smog and exhaust fumes
from vehicles, and residents from the street noise. Therefore health of residents, and passers-by is directly
dependent on the existence of this green strip.
No green areas = increasing respiratory diseases, increased anxiety, increased stress, overheating of the
body, increasing allergy and many other health problems. Protect and from the stench that spreads than the
garbage cans, vehicles, various activities that cause odors, which can affect the increased occurrence of

headache and nausea. It is similar with other types of groups of plants, but their surface area are less than
hedges. However, they can achieve greater heights, so it's important green background. Cvetnjaci with its
decorativeness reduce anxiety, thereby reducing the stressare held stronger, so that they can contribute
more to the environment of humidity from the lawn.
This importance comes most to the fore right in avenues where vehicles pass on small distances from
pedestrians, where pollution can be a extremely high, especially in busy streets, and even at the moment
when the car passes next to a mother who sets the baby in the stroller. Then began the poisoning,
immediate and direct exposure to the negative impacts. And then we wonder why children in the city are
increasingly suffering from all kinds of diseases. So we did not done good job, we did not protect them as
they sit in, stroller, and we walk them down the street, next to so many cars passing there and which
exhausts gases are sent right in the nose, directly into the lungs of children.
Trees can hardly be jeopardized if they lower bay, or if the lawn is not fed. Therefore, the real reason why
we even have a problem with green stripe is that it is not clearly defined in the zoning plans. It only
represents the normative content and not an obligation, and thus is almost irrelevant. It was placed in the
third-rate position and formed a new conflict.
After the reconstruction of most of the residents want the tree, because it is still too hot, the sun slew them,
fried their the car, no air, yet everyone wants hedges below the window because they can not live because
of vehicles rumbling. They whine, they have small children, but they must not open the window because of
the dust and the smell from the car. Pray that anything is planted, they will irrigate and nurture, anything
just to make atonement for nicer and better. Alone plant the best they can without any order, often creating
new problems. And then it lose of the meaning of existence Green stripe. Everybody can not be satisfied.
The necessity of existence is not questionable - there will be a tree, the only plant that can give shade. but
what if it does? Then the grass is indispensable. A cheaper to maintain. If the mixture is good, it may reach
stage when they stepped, when those 5 species are reduces with presence, and are replaced with new
species usually treated as a weed. These weed species, which had sprung up "out of nowhere", they should
be objective in forming the city's lawn. Where the land is better - they will survive with or without
supplemental feeding and watering. Where it is not - new species will come or lawn will disappear. Each
spray of street - means a lot. Each swath, animal droppings - mean even more. This results in a "low cast"
lawn, which is actually sustainable, miserable, though often with satisfactory coverage, if the parked
vehicles and excavation do not destroy it entirely. The real lawns, which shine how much they are green,
are suitable for parks, a representative surfaces, in front of important buildings and companies.
Personally, I do not see why it is so difficult to apply channeling underground infrastructure. Almost all are
placed at different depths, depending on the type of underground installations. Those that require less
frequent maintenance, and whose replacement is facilitated by creating specific channels, can be on one
level in Range of sidewalks. The sidewalk should then be tiled, not paved or concreted. Special panel to
indicate a place of passage channeled infrastructure. The infrastructure, which must be underground for
security reasons, can go along the edge of the green areas but closer to objects. That would prevent the
spread of the roots to the facilities, which otherwise can cause damage to the foundation and shooting
facilities. New infrastructure can pass only in that zone, and nowhere else. Protection of installation exists
and can be used not only as protection from damage, but also as signaling while digging. Channels would
thus expand on name of the width required for the installation setup and breadth needed for excavation and
access to workers. In the case of a street with very narrow profiles all the infrastructure can concentrate on
only one side, and if there is any room for green area - strip. it will not be compromised and exposed to
constant destruction.
Then, they could apply many techniques of greening, known and unknown, that may be more expensive
than standard. Personally, I claim that the narrowest street can turn green, but with the use of carefully
selected plant species, produced, nurtured and trained exactly according to certain requirements, planted in

an exact way. And for the production, cultivation and education of such plants time is needed. Therefore,
green space - strips must be secure.
If the law is delayed, if there are no concrete norms and standards that directly define the system of
greenery, tree line and network construction and structure of each surface, if other profession, involved in
interior cities, are unaware or unmindful of the existence, significance and professionalism landscape
architect, then re-parcelization is the only remaining logical solution to the problem. Many experts in all
professions, This probably considered absurd. But if you keep an open mind, if you would check each
major project and compare with each reconstruction project - immediately would be clear that the
reconstruction of roads still covered the area that belongs to that little green bar, not just a road, as it was
specified in the project.
So, there should always be a project for the reconstruction of the street as a whole, and part of that street is
green space - strip - avenue. The project of reconstruction of green areas thus must not be absent, and if it
would be done, must be done with the existing situation analysis. It must not be allowed to drastically
abolition of trees and a drastic reduction of green areas for the sake of increasing the number of parking
spaces. Lets build a garage (underground, overground, transiently, permanent). People already lack of
physical activity. 1 hour of walking can be replaced 30 minutes into the gym, it costs nothing, may be a
pleasant , and would save trees that are planned for removal and termination for those few parking-places.