ASCE 7-10 Snow Load Provision

ASCE Webinar
July 19 , 2012

Michael ORourke PE , Ph.D.

E-mail: orourm@rpi.edu
1

Objectives
IIntroduce
t d
changes
h
iin th
the ASCE 7-10
7 10
Snow Load provisions
Present
P
t reasoning
i
b
behind
hi d changes
h
Illustrate with design examples as
needed
d d

Outline

Minimum
Mi
i
Roof
R f Snow
S
Load
L d
Thermal Factor
Unbalanced Load
Drift Load on Adjacent Roof
Parapet Wall & RTU Drift
Sliding Load on Adjacent Roof
Ponding
3

Minimum Snow LoadLow Slope

Cl
Clarification
ifi ti
Scenario- roof
l d right
load
i ht after
ft
heavy snow w/o
wind
No time for
thermal no wind
thermal,
Roof load Pr= Pg
4

Minimum Snow Load-Low Slope

Pm = Is Pg

Pg < 20 psff

Pm = 20 Is

Pg > 20 psf

The 20 psf value is our estimate of the

maximum size of a single
g heavy
y
snow storm
5

Minimum Snow Load-Low Slope

After the
Aft
th single
i l heavy
h
snow storm
t
eventually the wind blows , thermal
effects have time to act
act, and we then
get Ps on the roof.
This minimum roof load is a separate
uniform load case. It need not be
used in determining or in combination
with drift, sliding, unbalanced or
partial loads
loads
6

Outline

Minimum
Mi
i
Roof
R f Snow
S
Load
L d
Thermal Factor
Unbalanced Load
Drift Load on Adjacent Roof
Parapet Wall & RTU Drift
Sliding Load on Adjacent Roof
Ponding
7

Thermal Factor
Usually
U
ll th
the rooff snow lload
d w/o
/ drifting
d ifti
is less than the ground snow load ,
but with special circumstances pr>pg

Thermal Factor
I the
In
th SEAW report,
t biggest
bi
t differences
diff
were for Freezer buildings going
from hot to cold

Roof Heated BldgBldg hot air below

Ground- warm earth below
Roof Open Air Bldg- ambient air below
Roof Freezer Bldg- cold air below
9

Thermal Factor
IIn ASCE 7-10
7 10 we now have
h
a new Ct
factor
Unheated
U h t d and
d open air
i Ct = 1.2
12
Structures intentionally kept below
f
freezing
i
Ct = 1.3
13
As a result , for freezer w/ Is=1.0 and
Ce = 1.2 , flat roof load > pg
10

Outline

Minimum
Mi
i
Roof
R f Snow
S
Load
L d
Thermal Factor
Unbalanced Load
Drift Load on Adjacent Roof
Parapet Wall & RTU drift
Sliding Load on Adjacent Roof
Ponding
11

Unbalanced Loads-Gable Roof

Upper
U
Limit
Li it Roof
R f Slope
Sl
Lower Limit Roof Slope
Small Eave to Ridge Distance

12

Unbalanced- Upper Limit Slope

IIn 7-05
7 05 upper
limit slope based
on Cs chart
Unbalance load
for roof slope up
to 70
Angle of repose
for drift same as
fresh fallen snow?
13

Unbalanced-Upper Limit Slope

Ob
Observations
ti
by
b
TTEA- unbalance
for 6 on 12 & less
Consistent with
max slope of roof
step drifts 1V:2H
Seems drifted
snow has smaller
angle of repose
14

Unbalanced-Upper Limit Slope

I ASCE 7-10
In
7 10 we were a bit conservative
ti
For hip and gable roofs with slope
exceeding 7 on 12 (30.2)unbalanced
snow loads
l d are not required
i d to be
b
applied

15

Unbalanced Loads-Gable Roof

U
Upper Limit
Li it Roof
R f Slope
Sl
Lower Limit Roof Slope
Small eave to Ridge Distance

16

Unbalanced-Lower Limit Slope

IIn 7-05
7 05 llower li
limit
it was complicated
li t d slopes less than larger of 70/W +0.5
and 1/2 on 12
Based upon observed occurrence

17

Unbalanced-Lower Limit Slope

Vertical
V ti l line
li
- on 12 limit
li it
Horizontal line - roof too small to care?
Transition
curve fit ?

18

Unbalanced-Lower Limit Slope

on 12 seems to
t
be a physical limit
Venturi
V t i tube
t b has
h
angle<4 avoids
separation
on 12 has angle
> 4 separation ,
wind shadow &
drift
19

Unbalanced-Lower Limit Slope

I ASCE 7-10
In
7 10 llower limit
li it relation
l ti
simplified
For hip and gable roofs with a slope
l
less
than
h
2
2.38
38 (1/2 on 12)
unbalanced snow loads are not
required to be applied

20

Unbalanced Loads-Gable Roof

U
Upper Limit
Li it Roof
R f Slope
Sl
Lower Limit Roof Slope
Small Eave to Ridge Distance

21

Unbalanced-Small Width
Fi
Fig 7-9
7 9 originally
i i ll
for roof steps
lu restriction
t i ti
nott a
issue for steps
Fig
Fi 7-9
7 9 now also
l
used for gables
lu=25 ft seemed
arbitrary
22

Unbalanced-Small Width
Th
The question
ti
off whether
h th the
th lu=25
25 ft
should apply to gable roof drifts is
complicated by the following issues
Theoretical issue- Fig 7-9 is empirical
relation based on case histories with
a mean value of lu=172 ft
Practical issue-relation
issue relation gives negative
values for low Pg and small W=lu
hence some limit needed
23

Unbalanced-Small Width
F
For bldgs
bld with
ith small
ll W , JC/MOR method
th d
was used to simulate max annual drifts
for a # of locations & winters
Big differences between upper Midwest &
Pacific NW
However results suggest that For W
less than 20 ft,
ft use 20 ft in Fig 7-9
7 9

24

Outline

Minimum
Mi
i
Roof
R f Snow
S
Load
L d
Thermal Factor
Unbalanced Load
Drift Load on Adjacent Roof
Parapet Wall & RTU Drift
Sliding Load on Adjacent Roof
Ponding
25

Drift Load on Adjacent Roof

IIn ASCE 7-05
7 05 a
truncated drift
required if lower
adjacent roof
within 20 ft
ft. of
higher level roof
In ASCE 7-05
roofs A,B & C all
get drifts
26

Drfit Load on Adjacent Roof

IIn reality
lit d
drift
ift
only if lower roof
in wind shadow of
upper roof
In ASCE 7-10
7 10 we
assume a 1(V) to
6(H) wind shadow
after Tablers work
on snow fences
27

Drift Load on Adjacent Roof

L
Leeward
d drift
d ift if
s < 20 & s < 6h
(in wind shadow)
Drift height
smaller of hd and
(6h-s)/6
Drift length
smaller of 6hd
and (6h-s)
(6h s)
28

Drift Load on Adjacent Roof

Wi
Windward
d
d drift
d ift if
s < 20
Truncated
T
t dd
drift
ift
hd windward
d if height
drift
h i h
based on fetch
for lower roof

29

Drift Load on Adjacent Roof

Example:
E
l determine
d t
i
th
the lleeward
d drift
d ift
on adjacent roof (Elev. 90), upper
roof (Elev.
(Elev 100)
100 ) length=120
length=120 ,
separation distance 8, Pg = 40 psf

30

Drift Load on Adjacent Roof

Solution:
S
l ti
S=8<20(close) & S=8< 6(10) (in
shadow)
h d ) hence
h
drift
d ift required
i d
hd=.43(120).33 (40+10).25 -1.5=4.13
Drift height smaller of hd = 4.13 ft and
((6h-s)/6
) = ((6x10 8)/6
) = 8.66ft
Drift length smaller of 6hd=24.8 ft or
6h-s = 6x10-8 = 52 ft
31

Outline

Minimum
Mi
i
Roof
R f Snow
S
Load
L d
Thermal Factor
Unbalanced Load
Drift Load on Adjacent Roof
Parapet Wall & RTU Drift
Sliding Load on Adjacent Roof
Ponding
32

Parapet Wall & RTU Drift

IIn ASCE 7-05
7 05
upwind fetch for
parapet wall
clear
In ASCE 7-05
7 05
upwind fetch for
RTU unclear

33

Parapet Wall & RTU Drift

I reality
In
lit ffor North
N th wind
i d Drift
D ift North
N th off
RTU is windward drift w/ fetch = LN
Drift South of RTU is leeward drift w/
effective fetch < LN

34

Parapet Wall & RTU Drift

ASCE 7-10
7 10 clarifies
l ifi and
d simplifies
i
lifi the
th
RTU case by specifying windward drift
for both sides
For roof projections ,lu shall be taken
equal to the greater of the length of
the roof upwind or downwind of the
projection
projection

35

Outline

Minimum
Mi
i
Roof
R f Snow
S
Load
L d
Thermal Factor
Unbalanced Load
Drift Load on Adjacent Roof
Parapet Wall & RTU Drift
Sliding Load on Adjacent Roof
Ponding
36

Sliding Load on Adjacent Roof

Slidi
Sliding lload
d on
lower roof in 7-05
Surcharge
S
h
taken
t k
as 0.4pfW
Applies
A li to slopes
l
greater than
on 12(slippery) or
2 on 12(non-slip)
37

Sliding Load on Adjacent Roof

N
New provision
i i
Sliding load on
adjacent
dj
t if s<15
15
and h>s (45
sliding shadow)
Load pro-rated
0 4pfW(15-s)/15
0.4p
W(15 s)/15

38

Sliding Load on Adjacent Roof

Example
E
l determine
d t
i
the
th sliding
lidi
lload
d
on the adjacent lower roof , W=30 ft,
h=12 ft
ft, s=8ft , upper non-slippery
non slippery
slope = 3 on 12 , pf = 25 psf

39

Sliding Load on Adjacent Roof

Solution
S
l ti
3 on 12 > 2 on 12 sliding
lidi
occurs
s=8<15 & h=12>s=8 close & in shadow
Horizontal extent=15-s=15-8=7
Load /ft = 0.4(30)(25)(15-8)/15=140plf

40

Outline

Minimum
Mi
i
Roof
R f Snow
S
Load
L d
Thermal Factor
Unbalanced Load
Drift Load on Adjacent Roof
Parapet Wall & RTU Drift
Sliding Load on Adjacent Roof
Ponding
41

Ponding
IIn ASCE 7-05
7 05 a
ponding analysis
was required
only for roof
slopes less than
on 12
Envisions a free
draining eave
42

Ponding
N
New provision
i i
iin
7-10 account for
impounded water
in susceptible
bays w/ any
slope
Problems arise
w/o SE/ME/Arch
interaction
43

ASCE 7-10 Snow Load Provision

Additi
Additional
l questions
ti
either
ith
Contact M. OR at orourm@rpi.edu
Buy Snow Loads A Guide to the
Snow Load Provisions of ASCE 710
ASCE Press
44

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