Professional Documents
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Part 2:1995
BRITISH STANDARD
Loading for
buildings
Part 2. Code of practice for wind loads
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BS6399:Part2:
1995
23651 X
Amendments
Amd. No.
Text affected
Date
BS6299:Part2:
Contents
Fage
Inside front cover
Committees responsible
iv
Foreword
Section
1. General
1
1.1
Scope
1.2
Informative
references
1.3
Definitions
1.4
Main symbols
1.5
1.6
Dyrramic claasiiication
1.7
Site exposure
1.8
Choice of method
Section 2. Standard
method
9
2.1
2.2
Standad
2.3
12
wind speeds
20
2.4
20
2.5
25
2.6
39
2.7
Pressure coefficients
41
Section
3. Directional
for roofs
for elements
method
3.1
44
3.2
46
3.3
3.4
72
51
Annexes
A
(normative)
B
C
(irrfOmative)
(informative)
(nonnative)
E
F
(informative)
(informative)
height
73
73
75
77
79
81
lhbles
1
17
4
L
20
21
25
25
8
9
31
10
31
11
12
26
32
35
Dcr
0.s33 : -
z : 1330
Page
13
36
14
Net pre~um
37
15
37
16
39
17
40
opmings
HI
Internal
40
19
40
20
41
21
42
22
Factom .SCind $
48
23
A@stment
49
24
50
25
51
26
52
27
.52
28
54
29
30
59
31
60
adjacent tO
nOn-vefiical
55
32
60
33
61
34
63
35
66
36
70
37
72
78
Figures
ii
Basic deftitions
Size
of building dimensions
8
11
12
13
14
15
lbpogmphic
16
10
f@ographic
17
11
19
12
21
13
22
Page
14
23
15
24
16
26
17
27
18
28
19
29
30
21
33
22
34
22
35
24
38
25
41
26
42
27
43
26
43
29
44
26
46
31
52
32
54
23
56
24
57
35
58
26
59
37
62
28
64
39
65
40
67
41
69
42
71
E. 1 Effective
F. 1
heights br towns
L&t of references
so
82
Inside back cover
In
Foreword
This Part of this British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/525/1,
Actions (loadings) and basis of design, and supersedes CP3 : Chapter V : Part 2:
1972.
Rds part of BS 6399 is a technical revision of CP3 : Chapter V : Part 2 and
incorporates the considerable advances made and experience gained in wind
engineering since that time. CP3 : Chapter V : M
2 will not be withdrawn
immediately so as to allow an overlap period with this Part of BS 6399.
The b=ic wind speed in thk British Standard is given as an hourly mean value;
this differs from CP3 : Chapter V : Part 2 in which it was based on a 3 s gust
value. However, the hourly mean basic wind speed is subsequently converted
into a gust wind speed for use in design (by a gust peak factor wh]ch takes
account of gust duration time, height of structure above ground and the size of
the structure). The adoption of the hourly mean value for the basic wind speed is
for technical reasons. Primarily it allows a more accumte treatment of
topography, but it alao provides the starting pohrt for serviceability calculations
involving fatigue or dynamic response of the stmcture. Its use is akw a move
towards harmonization as mean values (sometimes 10 min means) are often the
basis for wind loading calculations in European and international standards.
Structure factors are used to check whether the response of the structure can be
considered to be static, in which caae the use of the calculation methods in thk
standard is appropriate. If the response is found to be mildly dynamic the
methods can still be used but the resulting loads will need to be augmented.
Structures which are dynamic will alsu be identified but their assessment is
outside the scope of the standard.
TWO alternative methods are given:
a) a standard method, which uses a simplified procedure;
b) a directional method, from which the simplified method was derived.
The standard method gives a conservative result within its range of applicability.
Calibration haa shown that loads on typicaf buildings obtained by the standard
method are around 14 % larger than obtained from the directional method. The
degee of conservatism can be much larger close to the ground and in towns, but
decreaaes to zero around 100 m above the gruund.
In addition to reduced conservatism, the directional method assesses the loadhg
in more detail, but with the penalty of increaaed complexity and compukitional
effort. Because of this it is anticipated that the standard method will be used for
most hand-baaed calculations and that the directional method wifl be
implemented principally by computer
Procedures are alao given to enable the standard effective wind speed to be used
with the directional pressure coefficients and for the directional effective wind
speeds to be used with the standard pressure coefficients.
CP3 : Chapter V : Part 2 allowed for the effect of ground roughness, building
size and height above gound by a single factor. This required the calculation of
separate wind speeds for every combination of reference height above gruund
and the size of the loaded area. However, a simp~] cation has been introduced in
the standard method which involves the calculation of only a single wind speed
for each reference height. The effect of size is allowed for by a separate
factor, Cc
BS 6399: Part 2 also gives values for external pressure coefficients for a greater
mnge of building configurations than did CP3 : Chapter V : Part 2.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itseff confer immunity
legaf obligations.
iv
from
BS6399:Part
2:1995
Section 1. General
1.1 Scope
lidsRut of BS 6399 gives methods for determining
the gust peak wind loads on buildings and
components thereof that should be taken into
account in design using equivalent static
procedures.
CP3
1.2 Informative
1.3 Defiitionx
For the purposes of this British Standard the
following definitions apply.
references
wind speed
1.3.2 Pressure
1.3.2.1 dynamic
pressure
pressrrre
pressure
BS63Y9:Part2:lYY5
Section
1.3.5 Distance
1.3.3 Height
1.3.5.1 fetch
1.3.3.1 altitude
a) when topography is not si@lcant:
the height
above mean sea level of the ground level of the
site;
b) when topography is significant: the height
above mean sea level of the base of the
topographic feature,
Area
c.
Cp
c
c:
c,
1.3.3.3 reference
height
height
height
(2. 1.3.1)
(2. 1.3.2)
9t
He
Effective
H,
Ho
1.3.4 Length
breadth
Kb
LD
L,
Lu
P,
shaWs,
height (1.7.3)
or circle
Section 1
BSS399:Part
Pi
Dynamic pressure
9.
9i
9s
s,
s~
s=
s~
Dnction
s~
lbpogmphic
SP
factor (2.2.2.3)
increment (3.2.3.4)
s,
st
lbpographic
T,
Tt
v~
v,
v,
w
w
NIC
Effective
comer
AS
AT
angle
of walls (3.3.1.2)
2:1995
Wstww:rartz:lxm
CSSULIU1l 1
Stage
factor
1: Dynamic
C, (1 .6.1)
augmentation
Stage
No
m (1.6.2)
(2.2.1)
I
Stage
S~, seaaonal
(2.2.2)
factor
factor
S,
Stage 5: Terrain
effective
height
categories,
H. (1.7.3)
9
Stage
6: Choica of method
Directional
(1 .8)
and topographic
G
9
------------=
------:-----E=
Stage 7: Standard
effective
wind
Directional
effective
wind speed
Directional
pressure
coefficients
Directional
--
Stage
Figure L Flowchart
illustrating
outline procedure