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Indian System of Administration

Indian democracy is Parliamentary form of democracy where executive is
responsible to the Parliament. The Parliament has two houses Loksabha and
Rajyasabha. Also the type of governance is Federal, ie there is separate executive
and legislature at Center and States. We also have self governance at local
government levels. All these systems owe their legacy to the British
administration.Let us see the historical background of Indian Constitution and its
development through years.

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Laws made before Charter Act of 1833 were calledRegulationsand those made
afterare calledActs.
Lord Warren Hastings created the office of District Collector in 1772, but judicial
powers were separated from District collector later by Cornwalis.
From the powerful authorities of unchecked executives, the Indian administration
developed into a responsible government answerable to the legislature and people.
The development of portfolio system and budget points to the separation of
power.
Lord Mayos resolution on financial decentralization visualized the development of
local self-government institutions in India (1870).
1882: Lord Ripons resolution was hailed as the Magna Carta of local self
government. He is regarded as the Father of local self-government in India.

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I t was in 1934 that the idea of a Constituent Assembly for India was put
forward for the first time by M. N. Roy, a pioneer of communist movement
in India .In 1935, the Indian National Congress (INC), for the first time,
officially demanded a Constituent Assembly to frame the Constitution of
India. In 1938, Jawaharlal Nehru, on behalf the INC declared that the
Constitution of free India must be framed, without outside interference,
by a Constituent Assembly elected on the basis of adult franchise. The
demand was finally accepted in principle by the British Government in
what is known as the August Offer of 1940. In 1942, Sir Stafford Cripps, a
member of the cabinet, came to India with a draft proposal on the framing
of an independent Constitution to be adopted after the World War II.

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