RIVER NILE

The Nile in Egypt

Name origin: Nile (Arabic: 'nl) comes from the
Greek word Neilos ()

Countries

Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt,

Uganda, Democratic
Republic of the Congo,
Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda,
Burundi

Cities

Jinja, Juba, Khartoum, Cairo

Primary source

White Nile

- elevation

2,700 m (8,858 ft)

021656S 0291953E /
2.28222S 29.33139E
Secondary source Blue Nile
- coordinates

- location

Lake Tana, Ethiopia

120209N 0371553E /
12.03583N 37.26472E
Source confluencenear Khartoum
- coordinates

Mouth
- location

Mediterranean Sea

- elevation

0 m (0 ft)

- coordinates

3010N 03106E /
30.167N 31.1E [1]

Length

6,650 km (4,132 mi)

Width

8 km (5 mi)
3,400,000 km (1,312,747 sq
mi)

Basin
Discharge

- average

2,830 m3/s (99,941 cu ft/s)

Map showing the Nile

[2]

The Nile (Arabic: , An Nl, Ancient Egyptian Iteru or 'p, Coptic !!!!! Piaro or
Phiaro, Amharic: """?; transliterated: Abbai, but pronounced Abbai) is a major northflowing river in North Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world.[3] It is
6,650 km (4,130 miles) long.
The Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile. The latter is the source of most
of the water and fertile soil. The former is the longer. The White Nile rises in the Great Lakes
region of central Africa, with the most distant source being as-yet undetermined, and located in
either Rwanda or Burundi. It flows north through Tanzania, Lake Victoria, Uganda and southern
Sudan. The Blue Nile starts at Lake Tana in Ethiopia at
120209N 0371553E /
12.03583N 37.26472E and flows into Sudan from the southeast. The two rivers meet near the
Sudanese capital of Khartoum.
The northern section of the river flows almost entirely through desert, from Sudan into Egypt, a
country whose civilization has depended on the river since ancient times. Most of the population
and cities of Egypt lie along those parts of the Nile valley north of Aswan, and nearly all the
cultural and historical sites of Ancient Egypt are found along riverbanks. The Nile ends in a large
delta that empties into the Mediterranean Sea.

Etymology

In the ancient Egyptian language, the Nile is called 'p or iteru, meaning "great river",
represented by the hieroglyphs shown on the left (literally itrw, and 'waters' determinative)[4] In
Coptic, the words piaro (Sahidic) or phiaro (Bohairic) meaning "the river" (lit. p(h).iar-o
"the.canal-great") come from the same ancient name.
The English name Nile (Latin: Nlos; Greek: [5]) is thought to be ultimately derived from
the Semitic Nahal meaning "river" from which the Hebrew nachal (Hebrew: )"is derived.
[citation needed]

Tributaries and distributaries

The Nile at Dendera, as seen from the SPOT satellite

Map showing the courses of the White and Blue Nile

The Nile near Beni Suef

Composite satellite image of the White Nile.

The drainage basin of the Nile covers 3,254,555 square kilometres (1,256,591 sq mi), about 10%
of the area of Africa.[6]
The two great tributaries join at Khartoum. The White Nile starts in equatorial East Africa, and
the Blue Nile begins in Ethiopia. Both branches are on the western flanks of the East African
Rift, the southern part of the Great Rift Valley. Below this confluence the only major tributary is
the Atbara River, roughly halfway to the sea, which originates in Ethiopia north of Lake Tana,
and is around 800 kilometres (500 mi) long. The Atbara flows only while there is rain in Ethiopia
and dries very rapidly. During the dry period of January to June, it typically dries up. It joins the
Nile approximately 300 kilometres (200 mi) north of Khartoum.
The course of the Nile in Sudan is distinctive. It flows over six groups of cataracts, from the first
at Aswan to the sixth at Sabaloka (just north of Khartoum) and then turns to flow southward
before again returning to flow north. This is called the "Great Bend of the Nile".
North of Cairo, the Nile splits into two branches (or distributaries) that feed the Mediterranean:
the Rosetta Branch to the west and the Damietta to the east, forming the Nile Delta.

The Nile basin is complex, and because of this, the discharge at any given point along the
mainstem depends on many factors including weather, diversions, evaporation and
evapotranspiration, and groundwater flow.

White Nile
The source of the Nile is sometimes considered to be Lake Victoria, but the lake has feeder rivers
of considerable size. The Kagera River, which flows into Lake Victoria near the Tanzanian town
of Bukoba, is the longest feeder, although sources do not agree on which is the longest tributary
of the Kagera and hence the most distant source of the Nile itself.[7] It is either the Ruvyironza,
which emerges in Bururi Province, Burundi,[8] or the Nyabarongo, which flows from Nyungwe
Forest in Rwanda.[9] The two feeder rivers meet near Rusumo Falls on the Rwanda-Tanzania
border.
The Nile leaves Lake Victoria at Ripon Falls near Jinja, Uganda, as the Victoria Nile. It flows for
approximately 500 kilometres (300 mi) farther, through Lake Kyoga, until it reaches Lake
Albert. After leaving Lake Albert, the river is known as the Albert Nile. It then flows into Sudan,
where it is known as the Bahr al Jabal ("River of the Mountain"). The Bahr al Ghazal, itself
716 kilometres (445 mi) long, joins the Bahr al Jabal at a small lagoon called Lake No, after
which the Nile becomes known as the Bahr al Abyad, or the White Nile, from the whitish clay
suspended in its waters. When the Nile flooded it left a rich silty deposit which fertilized the soil.
The Nile no longer floods annually since the completion of the Aswan Dam in 1970. From Lake
No, the river flows to Khartoum. An anabranch river, the Bahr el Zeraf, flows out of the Nile's
Bahr al Jabal section and rejoins the White Nile.
The term "White Nile" is used in both a general sense, referring to the entire river above
Khartoum, and in a limited sense, describing the section between Lake No and Khartoum.
The flow rate of the Bahr al Jebal at Mongalla, Sudan is almost constant throughout the year and
averages 1,048 m3/s (37,000 cu ft/s). After Mongalla, the Bahr Al Jabal enters the enormous
swamps of the Sudd region of Sudan. More than half of the Nile's water is lost in this swamp to
evaporation and transpiration. The average flow rate of the White Nile at the tails of the swamps
is about 510 m3/s (18,000 cu ft/s). From here it soon meets with the Sobat River at Malakal. On
an annual basis the White Nile upstream of Malakal contributes about 15% of the total outflow
of the Nile River.[10]
The Bahr al Jebal and the Sobat River are the two most important tributaries of the White Nile in
terms of discharge. The Bahr al Ghazal's drainage basin is the largest of any of the Nile's subbasins, measuring 520,000 square kilometres (200,000 sq mi) in size, but it contributes a
relatively small amount of water, about 2 m3/s (71 cu ft/s) annually, due to tremendous volumes
of water being lost in the Sudd wetlands. The Sobat River, which joins the Nile a short distance
below Lake No, drains about half as much land, 225,000 km2 (86,900 sq mi), but contributes
412 cubic metres per second (14,500 cu ft/s) annually to the Nile.[11] When in flood the Sobat
carries a large amount of sediment, adding greatly to the White Nile's color.[12]
The average flow of the White Nile at Malakal, just below the Sobat River, is 924 m3/s (32,600
cu ft/s); the peak flow is approximately 1,218 m3/s (43,000 cu ft/s) in October and minimum

flow is about 609 m3/s (21,500 cu ft/s) in April. This fluctuation is due the substantial variation
in the flow of the Sobat, which has a minimum flow of about 99 m3/s (3,500 cu ft/s) in March
and a peak flow of over 680 m3/s (24,000 cu ft/s) in October.[13] During the dry season (January
to June) the White Nile contributes between 70% and 90% of the total discharge from the Nile.

Blue Nile
Main article: Blue Nile

The Blue Nile Falls fed by Lake Tana near the city of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Nile Delta from space

The Blue Nile (Ge'ez """ """ iqr bby (Black Abay) to Ethiopians; Arabic:
;transliterated: an-Nl al-Azraq) springs from Lake Tana in the Ethiopian Highlands. The
Blue Nile flows about 1,400 kilometers to Khartoum, where the Blue Nile and White Nile join to
form the Nile. 90% of the water and 96% of the transported sediment carried by the Nile[14]
originates in Ethiopia, with 59% of the water from the Blue Nile (the rest being from the Tekez,
Atbarah, Sobat, and small tributaries). The erosion and transportation of silt only occurs during
the Ethiopian rainy season in the summer, however, when rainfall is especially high on the
Ethiopian Plateau; the rest of the year, the great rivers draining Ethiopia into the Nile (Sobat,
Blue Nile, Tekez, and Atbarah) have a weaker flow.
The Blue Nile contributes approximately 80-90% of the Nile River discharge. The flow of the
Blue Nile varies considerably over its yearly cycle and is the main contribution to the large
natural variation of the Nile flow. During the wet season the peak flow of the Blue Nile will
often exceed 5,663 m3/s (200,000 cu ft/s) in late August (a difference of a factor of 50). During
the dry season the natural discharge of the Blue Nile can be as low as 113 m3/s (4,000 cu ft/s),
although upstream dams regulate the flow of the river.

Before the placement of dams on the river the yearly discharge varied by a factor of 15 at Aswan.
Peak flows of over 8,212 m3/s (290,000 cu ft/s) would occur during late August and early
September and minimum flows of about 552 m3/s (19,500 cu ft/s) would occur during late April
and early May.

Yellow Nile
The Yellow Nile is a former tributary that connected the Ouadda Highlands of eastern Chad to
the Nile River Valley c. 8000 to c. 1000 BCE.[15] Its remains are known as the Wadi Howar. The
wadi passes through Gharb Darfur near the northern border with Chad and meets up with the
Nile near the southern point of the Great Bend.

Lost headwaters
Further information: List of rivers by length
Formerly Lake Tanganyika drained northwards along the African Rift Valley into the Albert Nile,
making the Nile about 900 miles (1,400 km) longer, until blocked in Miocene times by the bulk
of the Virunga Volcanoes.

History

Reconstruction of the Oikoumene (inhabited world), an ancient map based on Herodotus'

description of the world, circa 450 BCE.

Historic map of the River Nile by Piri Reis

Further information: Climate history of the Sahara
The Nile (iteru in Ancient Egyptian) has been the lifeline of civilization in Egypt since the Stone
Age, with most of the population and all of the cities of Egypt resting along those parts of the
Nile valley lying north of Aswan. Climate change at the end of the most recent ice age led to the
formation of the Sahara desert, possibly as long ago as 3400 BC.

The Eonile
The present Nile is at least the fifth river that has flowed north from the Ethiopian Highlands.
Satellite imagery was used to identify dry watercourses in the desert to the west of the Nile. An
Eonile canyon, now filled by surface drift, represents an ancestral Nile called the Eonile that
flowed during the later Miocene (235.3 million years before present). The Eonile transported
clastic sediments to the Mediterranean; several natural gas fields have been discovered within
these sediments.
During the late-Miocene Messinian salinity crisis, when the Mediterranean Sea was a closed
basin and evaporated to the point of being empty or nearly so, the Nile cut its course down to the
new base level until it was several hundred feet below world ocean level at Aswan and 8,000 feet
(2,400 m) below Cairo.[16] This created a very long and deep canyon which was filled with
sediment when the Mediterranean was recreated. At some point the sediments raised the riverbed
sufficiently for the river to overflow westward into a depression to create Lake Moeris.
Lake Tanganyika drained northwards into the Nile until the Virunga Volcanoes blocked its course
in Rwanda. The Nile was much longer at that time, with its furthest headwaters in northern
Zambia.

The integrated Nile

There are two theories about the age of the integrated Nile. One is that the integrated drainage of
the Nile is of young age, and that the Nile basin was formerly broken into series of separate
basins, only the most northerly of which fed a river following the present course of the Nile in
Egypt and Sudan. Said postulated that Egypt itself supplied most of the waters of the Nile during
the early part of its history.[17]
The other theory is that the drainage from Ethiopia via rivers equivalent to the Blue Nile and the
Atbara and Takazze flowed to the Mediterranean via the Egyptian Nile since well back into
Tertiary times.[18]
Salama suggested that during the Tertiary (65 million to 2.588 million years ago) a series of
separate closed continental basins each occupied one of the major parts of the Sudanese Rift
System: Mellut rift, White Nile rift, Blue Nile rift, Atbara rift and Sag El Naam rift.[19] The
Mellut Rift Basin is nearly 12 kilometers (7 mi) deep at its central part. This rift is possibly still
active, with reported tectonic activity in its northern and southern boundaries. The Sudd swamps
which form the central part of the basin may still be subsiding. The White Nile Rift System,
although shallower than the Bahr el Arab rift, is about 9 kilometers (6 mi) deep. Geophysical
exploration of the Blue Nile Rift System estimated the depth of the sediments to be 59
kilometres (3.15.6 mi). These basins were not interconnected until their subsidence ceased, and
the rate of sediment deposition was enough to fill and connect them. The Egyptian Nile
connected to the Sudanese Nile, which captures the Ethiopian and Equatorial headwaters during
the current stages of tectonic activity in the Eastern, Central and Sudanese Rift Systems.[20] The
connection of the different Niles occurred during cyclic wet periods. The River Atbara
overflowed its closed basin during the wet periods that occurred about 100,000 to 120,000 years
ago. The Blue Nile connected to the main Nile during the 70,00080,000 years B.P. wet period.
The White Nile system in Bahr El Arab and White Nile Rifts remained a closed lake until the
connection of the Victoria Nile to the main system some 12,500 years ago.

Role in the founding of Egyptian civilization

The Greek historian Herodotus wrote that "Egypt was the gift of the Nile". An unending source
of sustenance, it provided a crucial role in the development of Egyptian civilization. Silt deposits
from the Nile made the surrounding land fertile because the river overflowed its banks annually.
The Ancient Egyptians cultivated and traded wheat, flax and other crops around the Nile. Wheat
was a crucial crop in the famine-plagued Middle East. This trading system secured Egypt's
diplomatic relationships with other countries, and contributed to economic stability. Far-reaching
trade has been carried on along the Nile since ancient times. The Ishango bone is probably an
early tally stick. It has been suggested that this shows prime numbers and multiplication, but this
is disputed. In the book How Mathematics Happened: The First 50,000 Years, Peter Rudman
argues that the development of the concept of prime numbers could only have come about after
the concept of division, which he dates to after 10,000 BC, with prime numbers probably not
being understood until about 500 BC. He also writes that "no attempt has been made to explain
why a tally of something should exhibit multiples of two, prime numbers between 10 and 20, and
some numbers that are almost multiples of 10."[21] It was discovered along the headwaters of the
Nile (near Lake Edward, in northeastern Congo) and was carbon-dated to 20,000 BC.

Water buffalo were introduced from Asia, and Persians introduced camels in the 7th century BC.
These animals were killed for meat, and were domesticated and used for ploughingor in the
camels' case, carriage. Water was vital to both people and livestock. The Nile was also a
convenient and efficient means of transportation for people and goods.
The Nile was an important part of ancient Egyptian spiritual life. Hapy was the god of the annual
floods, and both he and the pharaoh were thought to control the flooding. The Nile was
considered to be a causeway from life to death and the afterlife. The east was thought of as a
place of birth and growth, and the west was considered the place of death, as the god Ra, the
Sun, underwent birth, death, and resurrection each day as he crossed the sky. Thus, all tombs
were west of the Nile, because the Egyptians believed that in order to enter the afterlife, they had
to be buried on the side that symbolized death.
As the Nile was such an important factor in Egyptian life, the ancient calendar was even based
on the 3 cycles of the Nile. These seasons, each consisting of 4 months of 30 days each, were
called Akhet, Peret, and Shemu. Akhet, which means inundation, was the time of the year when
the Nile flooded, leaving several layers of fertile soil behind, aiding in agricultural growth.
Chemical analysis has shown how fertile the Nile mud is. It contains about 0.1 percent of
combined nitrogen, 0.2 percent of phosphorus anhydrides and 0.6 percent of potassium. [22]
Peret was the growing season, and Shemu, the last season, was the harvest season when there
were no rains.[22]

The search for the source of the Nile

Pliny the Elder speculated on the source of the Nile

Richard Francis Burton, Victorian explorer

Henry Morton Stanley confirmed the source of the Nile in 1872

Despite the failed attempts of the Greeks and Romans to penetrate the Sudd wetlands in southern
Sudan, the upper reaches of the Nile remained largely unknown. Various expeditions failed to
determine the river's source, thus yielding classical Hellenistic and Roman representations of the
river as a male god with his face and head obscured in drapery. Agatharcides records that in the
time of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, a military expedition had penetrated far enough along the
course of the Blue Nile to determine that the summer floods were caused by heavy seasonal
rainstorms in the Ethiopian Highlands, but no European of antiquity is known to have reached
Lake Tana.
Europeans began to learn about the origins of the Nile in the 15th and 16th centuries, when
travelers to Ethiopia visited Lake Tana and the source of the Blue Nile in the mountains south of
the lake. Although James Bruce claimed to be the first European to have visited the headwaters,
[23] modern writers give the credit to the Jesuit Pedro Pez. Pez account of the source of the
Nile[24] is a long and vivid account of Ethiopia. It was published in full only in the early 20th
century, although it was featured in works of Pez contemporaries, including Baltazar Tllez,[25]
Athanasius Kircher[26] and by Johann Michael Vansleb.[27]
Europeans had been resident in Ethiopia since the late 15th century, and one of them may have
visited the headwaters even earlier without leaving a written trace. The Portuguese Joo
Bermudes published the first description of the Tis Issat Falls in his 1565 memoirs, compared
them to the Nile Falls alluded to in Cicero's De Republica.[28] Jernimo Lobo describes the
source of the Blue Nile, visiting shortly after Pedro Pez. Telles also used his account.
The White Nile was even less understood. The ancients mistakenly believed that the Niger River
represented the upper reaches of the White Nile. For example, Pliny the Elder wrote that the Nile
had its origins "in a mountain of lower Mauretania", flowed above ground for "many days"
distance, then went underground, reappeared as a large lake in the territories of the Masaesyli,
then sank again below the desert to flow underground "for a distance of 20 days' journey till it
reaches the nearest Ethiopians."[29] A merchant named Diogenes reported that the Nile's water
attracted game such as water buffalo.
Lake Victoria was first sighted by Europeans in 1858 when the British explorer John Hanning
Speke reached its southern shore while traveling with Richard Francis Burton to explore central
Africa and locate the great lakes. Believing he had found the source of the Nile on seeing this
"vast expanse of open water" for the first time, Speke named the lake after the then Queen of the

United Kingdom. Burton, recovering from illness and resting further south on the shores of Lake
Tanganyika, was outraged that Speke claimed to have proved his discovery to be the true source
of the Nile when Burton regarded this as still unsettled. A very public quarrel ensued, which
sparked a great deal of intense debate within the scientific community and interest by other
explorers keen to either confirm or refute Speke's discovery. British explorer and missionary
David Livingstone pushed too far west and entered the Congo River system instead. It was
ultimately Welsh-American explorer Henry Morton Stanley who confirmed Speke's discovery,
circumnavigating Lake Victoria and reporting the great outflow at Ripon Falls on the Lake's
northern shore.
European involvement in Egypt goes back to the time of Napoleon. Laird Shipyard of Liverpool
sent an iron steamer to the Nile in the 1830s. With the completion of the Suez Canal and the
British takeover of Egypt in the 1870s, more British river steamers followed.
The Nile is the area's natural navigation channel, giving access to Khartoum and Sudan by
steamer. The Siege of Khartoum was broken with purpose-built sternwheelers shipped from
England and steamed up the river to retake the city. After this came regular steam navigation of
the river. With British Forces in Egypt in the First World War and the inter-war years, river
steamers provided both security and sightseeing to the Pyramids and Thebes. Steam navigation
remained integral to the two countries as late as 1962. Sudan steamer traffic was a lifeline as few
railways or roads were built in that country. Most paddle steamers have been retired to shorefront
service, but modern diesel tourist boats remain on the river.

The modern era

The confluence of the Kagera and Ruvubu rivers near Rusumo Falls, part of the Nile's upper
reaches.

Dhows on the Nile

The Nile passes through Cairo, Egypt's capital city

The Nile has long been used to transport goods along its length. Winter winds blow south, up
river, so ships could sail up river, and down river using the flow of the river. While most
Egyptians still live in the Nile valley, the 1970 completion of the Aswan High Dam ended the
summer floods and their renewal of the fertile soil, fundamentally changing farming practices.
The Nile supports much of the population living along its banks, enabling Egyptians to live in
otherwise inhospitable regions of the Sahara. The rivers's flow is disturbed at several points by
the Cataracts of the Nile, which are sections of faster-flowing water with many small islands,
shallow water, and rocks, which form an obstacle to navigation by boats. The Sudd wetlands in
Sudan also forms a formidable navigation obstacle and impede water flow, to the extent that
Sudan had once attempted to canalize (the Jonglei Canal) to bypass the swamps.[30][31]
Nile cities include Khartoum, Aswan, Luxor (Thebes), and the Giza Cairo conurbation. The
first cataract, the closest to the mouth of the river, is at Aswan, north of the Aswan Dam. This
part of the river is a regular tourist route, with cruise ships and traditional wooden sailing boats
known as feluccas. Many cruise ships ply the route between Luxor and Aswan, stopping at Edfu
and Kom Ombo along the way. Security concerns have limited cruising on the northernmost
portion for many years.
A computer simulation study to plan the economic development of the Nile was directed by
H.A.W. Morrice and W.N. Allan, for the Ministry of Hydro-power of the Republic of the Sudan,
during 19551957[32][33][34] Morrice was their Hydrological Adviser, and Allan his predecessor.
M.P. Barnett directed the software development and computer operations. The calculations were
enabled by accurate monthly inflow data collected for 50 years. The underlying principle was the
use of over-year storage, to conserve water from rainy years for use in dry years. Irrigation,
navigation and other needs were considered. Each computer run postulated a set of reservoirs
and operating equations for the release of water as a function of the month and the levels
upstream. The behaviour that would have resulted given the inflow data was modeled. Over 600
models were run. Recommendations were made to the Sudanese authorities. The calculations
were run on an IBM 650 computer. Simulation studies to design water resource systems are
discussed further in the article on Hydrology transport models, that have been used since the
1980s to analyze water quality.
Despite the development of many reservoirs, drought during the 1980s led to widespread
starvation in Ethiopia and Sudan, but Egypt was nourished by water impounded in Lake Nasser.

Water sharing dispute

The Nile's water has affected the politics of East Africa and the Horn of Africa for many decades.
Countries including Uganda, Sudan, Ethiopia and Kenya have complained about Egyptian
domination of its water resources. The Nile Basin Initiative promotes peaceful cooperation
among these states.[35][36]

Modern achievements and exploration

The White Nile Expedition, led by South African national Hendrik Coetzee, became the first to
navigate the Nile's entire length. The expedition began at the source of the Nile in Uganda on
January 17, 2004 and arrived safely at the Mediterranean in Rosetta, four and a half months later.
[37]

On April 28, 2004, geologist Pasquale Scaturro and his partner, kayaker and documentary
filmmaker Gordon Brown became the first people to navigate the Blue Nile, from Lake Tana in
Ethiopia to the beaches of Alexandria on the Mediterranean. Though their expedition included
others, Brown and Scaturro were the only ones to complete the entire journey.[38] The team used
outboard motors for most of their journey. On January 29, 2005 Canadian Les Jickling and New
Zealander Mark Tanner completed the first human powered transit.
A team led by South Africans Peter Meredith and Hendrik Coetzee on April 30, 2005, became
the first to navigate the major remote source of the Nile, the Akagera river, which starts as the
Ruvyironza in Bururi Province, Burundi.

Crossings
If pure relaxation, water rafting, bungee jumping and a chance to complete de-stress is what you
are in need of, then take a cruise on the River Nile inUganda.

River Nile is the longest river in Africa with Lake Victoria as its source. The river starts it
6,500km journey to the Mediterranean Sea (Egypt) beside Jinja town (Uganda) and holds the
Owen Falls Dam the source of hydro electricity for Uganda with one other dam under
construction currently.
A tour to the Nile will take you through another life of adventure. There is a golf course
unwinding along the banks and the source of the Nile provides a pretty focal point to the flow of
water from Lake Victorias only outlet. A boat ride out to Samuka Island is another trip of itself,
not counting the beautiful fauna you will see along.
Booking a safari downstream on the Nile River brings you to Adrift Nile High Camp with
various activities including Bungee jump. A few kilometers further, is Bujagali Falls, the
adventurers capital with grade-five white water rafting, kayaking, river boarding and mountainbiking. These activities offer a unique way to explore the river banks, passing though farms,
forests and villages beside the Nile.
Up along the Niles course is Lake Kyoga which also feeds the river with fresh water. The course
then leads you to the great Murchison Falls, where roars of millions of litres of water dropping
form a lullaby. Activities such as spot fishing, game drives and scenic viewing can make your

safari to Murchison Falls an exhilarating experience. Murchison Falls National Park named after
the Murchison falls provides boat trips to the foot of the falls that enable you to look at hippos,
crocodiles and magnificent bird life. Similar to gorilla safaris, the park at the falls organizes
nature walks to the top of the falls for trekking chimpanzees.
From this point, River Nile flows though Lake Albert to the northern part of Uganda, to Sudan
and finally I Egypt were it pours its mass into the Mediterranean Sea.