Fe: Elastic Buckling Stress. AISC 16.1-33.

E3-4

Compact Section has the inelastic

K Values for Columns. AISC 16.1-240

buckling stress.

Width-Thickness Ration Table B4.1. AISC

16.1-16-17.
Column Formulas for Compact and noncompact sections. AISC E3. 16.1-33.
Tables applies only to compacted and
non-compacted members.
Compression Member with Slender
Elements. E7. AISC 16.1-39
Single Angle Compression Members. E5.
AISC 16.1-35.

I =Ic+ A d

. B4

Non-Compact sections have the elastic

buckling stress which is less than Fy.

b
p r
t

1.

2.

Check compactness, noncompactness and slenderness.

Only for single members. Build
Up No.
If no slender proceed with the
usual Euler formula. Or tables. In
case of build-up column find out
the smaller r. Find out the larger
KL/r

3.

If Slender proceed as indicated.

. B4

Design of Axially Loaded Compression

Design of Axially Loaded Compression

By Trial and Error

By LRFD Design Table

1.
2.

Where b is parallel to the taken axis. Iy on

Y axis
Larger ratio of KL/r usually indicates
weaker direction. Implies smaller r.

b
p
t

Analysis of Columns.

3.
4.

5.

Compute the design strength Pu

using the load combinations.
Assume the effective slenderness
ratio. KL/r
KL/r = 40-60 for column effective
length.
KL = 10 ~15 ft.
Find Fcr from Table 4-22 to
determine Ag=Pu/(delta*Fcr).
Select the section based on the
required Ag and the lighest
section. Make analysis of the new
member.If not OK use delta*Fcr
of the last member.
Check width-thickness ratio (b/t)
for local buckling from Table
B4.1.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Compute Pu.
From Table 4.1-20. Use (KL)y
select member and get rx/ry
Use KyLy=KxLx/((rx/ry)) to get
new KyLy.
Check with the selected member.
If not try again.
Check width-thickness ratio.

Build-up columns with components in

contact with each other.
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.

Compute Pu.
Assume the effective slenderness
ratio KL/r. KL/r = 50 for KL
between 10 and 15 ft.
Find Fcr from the table 4.22 and
find Ag.
Select the elements for build-up
section based on the required Ag.
Compute Ix, Iy, rx, ry, (KL/r)y for
build-up section.
Check section E6-1. AISC 16.1-37
Check ka/ri<3/4 (KL/r)max, K=1
for KA. (KL/r)max is the
maximum KL/r of the whole
section.
Find the new Fcr. Check Pn>Pu.
Check width-thickness ratio

Load Factor of LRFD and

ASD. AISC 2-8 and 2-9

Pu t Pn=t F y A g ( t =0.90 )

For An select the small one. And for

Angles or channels remember to flat
then out.

Design Strength of Tension

Members according to LRFD
and ASD. AISC 16.1-26 to 27

Pu t Pn=t F u A e ( t =0.75 )

U looks AISC 16.1-29 Table D3.1 Take

the biggest value.

ASTM Steel Specifications.

AISC 2-39

Block Shear. AISC 16.1-351.

(J4-5)

A n= A g

1
s
d b+ t +
t
8
4g

x -> Distance from the centroid of the

shear lag to the plane of the connection.
Parallel to the unconnected leg.
L -> Distance between the 1st and last
bolts in the line with the maximum
numbers of bolts

Block Shear

R n= [ 0.6 F u A nv + U bs F u A nt ] [ 0.6 F y A gv +U bs Fu A nt ]
A gv Gross area Subject s h ear
A nv Net area subject s h ear

Ubs: Reduction factor. Account that the

stress distribution may not be uniform on
the tension plane for some connections.
Ubs =1. Angles, gussets, plates.
Ubs =0.5.

Design of Tension Members

1.

2.

A nt Net area subject tension

Loading Combinations.

Pu=1.4 Pd

General Pick Up the smallest value

Pu=1.2 Pd +1.6 Pl

Assume U values as follows:

Compute the req. Ag (min)

1.

P
A g u Gross Section. t =0.90
t F y

Select U and in case of W,M, or S shapes select a set, in case of other figures
like angles make the table.

Pu
A g
+estimated hole areas Tension Rupture Section. t =0.75
t F u U
L
300

1.

r Members
Build Up Tension
Primary Members. C or L Shapes can be used as primary members.
Section Selecting.
Pu t by
Pn=
=0.90
t Fanalysis
y A g tof
Checking
using
tension member and the slenderness.

L
300
r
Pu t Pn=t F u A e ( t =0.75 )

2.

L
300
r

Design of Tie Plates.

Let d = distance between lines of bolts.
The length of tie plates

t; hole areas; An; Ag or sum of

2&3 column; Ag min. initial;
Final Ag min bigger of
columns 4&5; Sections; real
Ag of the Section; real min r.
Select the section that Final
Ag min and real Ag are closer
as well as the r more closer to
the calc. r.

Rod and Bars

For r select the smaller of the axis

2.

2.

Connection with no fewer that

three fasteners per line in the
direction of stress.
U =0.90. For W,M, and S
shapes.
U=0.85. For other shapes.
U =1 for all connected
Connection with only two
fasterners per line.
U=0.75 for all shapes.

Table with the following columns:

. Select max tf

1.
3.
4.

Pick up the smallest Rn value

2
Ltp = d
3

based on r= sqrt(I/A)

Ad

Pu
( t F u )

Bot h =0.75

Select Rod using Table 7-18. AISC 783