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Introduction
I.
II.
General Objective
The general objective of this study is to make a robot which can
swim like a fish, float when placed in the water and balance itself and has the
ability to avoid nearby obstacles by scanning its path, thus changing the
direction of its movement. The body uses common insulating material and a
few servo motor controlled by Arduino and two sensors which can detect
obstacles and battery which sustains its operation.
III.
Specific Objectives
The following are the specific objectives of the study:
1. To be able to create a body that would allow it to swim like a fish and
float once placed in the water.
2. To be able to create a body like a fish from an insulating material and
once encased in a plastic bag, have the ability to operate in water.
3. It must be that the body would be able to balance itself while half of its
body is submerged into the water and the other half is exposed.
4. To be able to use two infrared sensors with digital output to sense a
near body and change its course of direction.
5. To be able to use the Arduino and Arduino program.
IV.
Chapter II
Theoretical Framework
4
I.
environment
for
writing
software
for
the
board.
(http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Introduction)
The Arduino software company designs and manufactures kits for
building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control the
physical world. A variety of switches and sensors is used as the input and
controls a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs.
The Arduino can operate either independently like in a robot, or
connected to a computer thereby giving the computer access to sensor data
from the outside world and provides feedback. It can also be connected to
other Arduino or other electronic devices and controller chips.
For programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino platform
provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the
Infrared Sensors
An infrared sensor is an electronic instrument which is used to
sense certain characteristics of its surroundings by either emitting and/or
detecting infrared radiation. They are capable of measuring the heat being
emitted
by
an
object
and
detecting
motion.
(http://www.azosensors.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=339)
can
be
detected
using
threshold.
(http://www.education.rec.ri.cmu.edu/content/electronics/boe/ir_sensor/1.html
)
DC Servo Motors
An electrical motor is an electromechanical device that converts
electrical energy to mechanical energy. It involves rotating coils of wire which
are driven by the magnetic force electrical energy into mechanical energy. The
II.
10
Obstacle
Avoidance
Robot
(http://www.instructables.com/id/ArduinoObstacle-Avoidance-Robot/). This is
a robot that could sense and avoid obstacles. The microcontroller used was
Arduino. Other parts include Parallax Continuous Rotational and 180 Degree
Hi-Tec HS-422 Servos. Its purpose is for when the robot sense a barrier on its
way, it would find another passage and can move freely without hitting
anything.
11
III.
Conceptual Framework
PROCESS
SG90 Dc servo
motor
gizDuino328 kit
V4.1
Sharp
GP2Y0E03
SENSOR
IR
collision
detector kit
Programming
the
GizDuino
using
Arduino
C
programming language
to move the servo
motors with specific
degrees for balancing
and movement and
avoid obstacles.
Assembling the body
of the robot.
RoboFish
OUTPUT
INPUT
IV.
Definition of Terms
The following
terms
were
defined
conceptually to
add
Chapter III
Methodology
I.
Sensor
DC Servo Motors
Circuit Assembly
Construction of the
Structure
RoboFish
14
II.
Project Development
From knowing the problem on hand, to applying the knowledge of
a thousands of mind, to building the concept and constructing it for the use in
real world, the project development takes us from imagination to construction.
The project development framework guides the researchers and
must be able to achieve the following at the end of the project: to create a
prototype that automates effectively and functionally, to have a step by step
procedures and provides a good project planning including an organized
design and implementation of the project.
For a successful achievement of the project, a step by step
procedures must be followed.
15
PROBLEM
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
DESIGN PROCESS
PROGRAMMING
YES
III.
NO
Evaluation Procedure
16
IV.
Evaluation Criteria
V.
Chapter IV
Results and Discussion
I.
The following are the materials used for the construction of the
RoboFish:
Hardware:
1. E-Gizmo gizDuino is where the
program is installed and acts as the brain
of the robot.
the
torso and the other one for the fin. The servo
motors are the ones which enables the robot to
move and contributes to the balancing
factor.
18
recycled
made
a
from
Software:
Arduino C Program the motions of the servo motors and the functions of
the sensors were programmed using the Arduino C Program. Codes were
arranged for computer language which were encoded and installed in the
gizDuino. The three servo motors were programmed to move in different
directions and turn at a specific angle for the motion of the fish and also for
the balancing of the robot. The sensors were programmed to sense obstacles.
When the sensors received a change in the reflection of the light, which means
that there might be an obstacle in the path, it changes its motion, thus avoiding
contact to the environment.
The Firmware
19
// ROBOFISH
// di Segatello Mirco
#include <Servo.h>
Servo Servo1, Servo2, Servo3; // create servo object to control a servo
void setup()
{
Servo1.attach(4);
Servo2.attach(3);
Servo3.attach(2);
pinMode(sens_SX, INPUT);
pinMode(sens_DX, INPUT);
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
20
time=velocity/360;
shift=0;
void loop()
{
for (i=0; i<360; i++) {
pos1 = i+2*phase;
pos2 = i+phase;
pos3 = i;
if (pos1>359) pos1-=360;
if (pos2>359) pos2-=360;
if (pos3>359) pos3-=360;
if (pos1>179) pos1=360-pos1;
if (pos2>179) pos2=360-pos2;
if (pos3>179) pos3=360-pos3;
pos1R=map(pos1,0,180,center1-maxDeflexion-obstacle,center1+maxDeflexionobstacle);
pos2R=map(pos2,0,180,center2-maxDeflexion-obstacle,center2+maxDeflexionobstacle);
pos3R=map(pos3,0,180,center3-maxDeflexion-obstacle,center3+maxDeflexionobstacle);
Servo1.write(pos1R);
Servo2.write(pos2R);
21
Servo3.write(pos3R);
delay(time);
obstacle=int(shift);
if (digitalRead(sens_DX)==0) {
if (obstacle<maxDefobs) shift=shift+0.05;
actualTime=millis();
}
if (digitalRead(sens_SX)==0) {
if (obstacle > (-maxDefobs)) shift=shift-0.05;
actualTime=millis();
}
II.
RoboFish
-Background
of
the study 1
Chapter
-General
Objectives
-Specific
Objectives
-Scope
and
Delimitations
-Significance of
the Study
-Review
of
Related
Chapter 2
Literature
-Review
of
Related Studies
-Conceptual
Framework
-Definitions of
Terms
-Research
Design
Chapter 3
-Project
Development
-Evaluation
Criteria
-Evaluation
Procedure
22
-Instruments
and Techniques
Used
-Project
Technical
Chapter 4
Description
-project
Structured
Organization
-Limitations
and
Capabilities
-Project
Evaluation
-Summary
-Conclusions
Chapter 5
Recommendati
ons
III.
23
IV.
Project Evaluation
Chapter V
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendation
I.
Summary
This study demonstrated a medium size robot fish design based on the
24
whish sustains its operation. The programming language used was Arduino C and
the codes was encoded to effectively instruct the robot.
After many attempts and trials, the Robofish was successfully submerge
into the water and swim as it detect the obstacles on its way and moves 90 to
avoid collision.
II.
Conclusion
The study was conducted successfully and constructed a robot which can
swim like a fish, float when placed in the water and balance itself and has the
ability to avoid nearby obstacles by scanning its path, thus changing the direction
of its movement. These goals were successfully obtained and it became necessary
to reach some prerequisite objectives. The experimental method of research was
utilized and normative technique was used for gathering data.
With this study, it can provide an eye view for the students of how a robot
works thus creating a guide for their own projects, teachers in the field of
mechanical engineering and others relating to this field can use this as a reference
and an instructional guide, and the project could be a prototype for a better and
useful robot thus contributing to the industry.
Further study and improvement can be done to fully achieve the
advantages and application of Robofish in the field of robotics.
III.
Recommendation and Future Work
The following recommendations are offered as possible ways to improve
the study:
1. Monitoring an underwater environment is not easy. Water conditions
vary with time and with location, which calls for continuous sampling that is not
25
feasible with fixed sensors. Future work can be done to improve the study as a
controlled robot in underwater that can be used as a surveillance undersea. It is a
Robofish that carry multiple sensors for monitoring water quality and wireless
communication devices.
2. Instead of having the sensors alone, the study can be utilized by
improving the control system and adding a remote control to the specification of
the robot. With this upgrade it would be much easier to control the robot
considering the distance and move freely by the command of the controller.
3. Another improvement that can be applied is the body of the fish.
Enhanced design of the body is needed to fully achieve the desired movement and
buoyancy. It is also an advantage having a hydrodynamic shape that minimizes
drag and with this shape the robot fish can move through the water using rhythmic
body and fin motions. Such movement offers much better maneuverability than
propeller-based propulsion, allowing the robots to, for example, turn within a tight
radius. That kind of maneuverability is especially helpful in dealing with the
turbulences and currents the robots often encounter.
4. In future, some special mechanical structures will be added to help the
robot fish obtain an easier diving method. New materials will be applied to the
robot fish outer shell, which should be soft but still be able to resist the unwanted
deformation coming from water pressure.
There is a long way to go and more improvement needed in the field of
robotics. With this study, yet it is simple it can be a good eye view to start a more
26
enhanced project that can benefit not only the students but also in a wide variety
of application in the field of robotics.
References:
[1]
[2]
website:
http://www.open-electronics.org/robofish-
create-your-robot-fish-with-arduino/.
[3]
[4]
Chilton A. AZO Sensors. (2015, March 25). The Working Principle and
Key Applications of Infrared Sensors. Retrieved from the AZO Sensors
website: http://www.azosensors.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=339.
27
[5]
Academy
website:
http://www.education.rec.ri.cmu.edu/content/electronics/boe/ir_sensor/1.ht
ml.
[6]
Training
Center
website:
http://vtc.internshala.com/course/content.php?
topic_id=15&module_id=2&course=robotics101&demo=true.
[7]
[8]
Ku, Jung and Park. (2013, July). Design of Water Quality Measurement
Sensor
Robot
based
on
Wireless
Communication
Environment.
Ignoblegnome. (2012, Feb., 15). Lets Make Robots. Fish Tank. Retrieved
from Lets Make Robots website: http://library.flcc.edu/APA_FLCC.pdf.
[10]
28
Appendices
Circuit Connection
29
DE LOS
RESEARCHERSBAYOCBOC,
PROFILE
REYES,
MIVA,
PROJECT TITLE:
ROBOFISH
30
CHARLENE A. BAYOCBOC
Age: 19
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: April 11, 1995
Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Height: 155 cm
Weight: 45kg
Religion: Catholic
Mother: Rosalinda A. Bayocboc
Occupation: Housewife
Father: Francis B. Bayocboc Sr.
Occupation: Security Supervisor
Email: h8a1r9r6y2@yahoo.com
Skills:
Educational Background:
Elementary: Little Angel Study Center
Year Graduated: 2007
Secondary: Olongapo City National High School
Year Graduated:
Tertiary: Columban College
Course: Bachelor of Science in Electronics and
Communication Engineering
RESEARCHERS PROFILE
BAYOCBOC, DE LOS
REYES,
PROJECT TITLE:
ROBOFISH
31
Occupation:
Occupation:
Year Graduated:
Year Graduated:
RESEARCHERS PROFILE
BAYOCBOC, DE LOS
REYES,
PROJECT TITLE:
ROBOFISH
ALDRIN MIVA
Age: 18
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: August 28, 1994
Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Height: 5'3
Weight: 41kg
Religion: Born Again Christian
32
Mother: Fe Miva
Father: Melecio Miva
Email: aldrinmiva@gmail.com
aldrinmiva@yahoo.com
Occupation: Housekeeper
Occupation: Driver
Educational Background:
Elementary: North Central Elem. School (NCES)
Year Graduated: 2006
Secondary: Santa Cruz Academy (SCA)
Year Graduated: 2010
Tertiary: Columban College
Course: Bachelor of Science in Electronics and
Communications Engineering
RESEARCHERS PROFILE
BAYOCBOC, DE LOS
REYES,
PROJECT TITLE:
ROBOFISH
Occupation: Housewife
Occupation: LTO Officer
33
Email: rar.rhey@yahoo.com
Educational Background:
Elementary: Gordon Heights II Elem. School
Year Graduated: 2007
Secondary: Olongapo City National High School-SSC
Year Graduated: 2011
Tertiary: Columban College
Course: Bachelor of Science in Electronics and
Communications Engineering
RESEARCHERS PROFILE
BAYOCBOC, DE LOS
REYES,
PROJECT TITLE:
ROBOFISH
Occupation:
Occupation:
Year Graduated:
Year Graduated:
34