Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Charles Stark
North Carolina State University
Ingredient Factors
Particle size and shape
Density
Electrostatic charge
Hygroscopicity
Flowability
Source: IMC 1995
Premixes
Carrier
Particles per gram
Feed Segregation
Segregation occurs primarily as a result of
differences in particle size, the difficulty of
mixing multiple components can be reduced
by making the sizes of the components as
close as possible and also by reducing the
absolute size of the particles.
Ingredient Characteristics
Particle size
Shape
Flat
Round
Density
Wheat Midds
Ground Corn
SBM
Limestone
Source: IMC 1995
Particle Differences
Large Particles - For coarse particles, the
attractive force between two particles in contact
is small compared with the weight of a particle,
leading to a free flowing material.
Small Particles - If the particle size is reduced,
the weight of a particle falls more rapidly than
the attractive force between the particles, and
eventually the stage is reached where the
particles stick together. Segregation is then
prevented, because particles are no longer free
to move relative to each other.
Source: IMC 1995
Pre-batch grind
Post-batch grind
Post-mix grind
Post-pellet blend
Batching Equipment
Micro Bin Systems
Tote Bag Systems
Scales
Major
Minor
Weigh Buggy
Liquid Pumps & Meters
Scales
2/3
Remove weights
Fill scale to 1/3 capacity
Add test weights
Record weight
1/3
200 lb
Remove weights
Fill scale to 2/3 capacity
Add test weights
Record weight
Document results
Batching - Totes
Totes & Scales
Tote Transfer
Liquid Ingredients
Self Contained System
Pumps
Batching Sequence
Batching System
Major
Scale
Minor
Scale
Major Scale:
Batching Sequence
Batching System
Major
Scale
Minor
Scale
Micro Scale
Batching Sequence
Batching System
Micro
Scale
Major
Scale
Minor
Scale
Batching Sequence
Batching System
Scale Considerations:
Micro Scale
Major
Scale
Minor
Scale
Batching Sequence
Batching System
Major Scale
Discharges First
Micro Scale
Major
Scale
Minor
Scale
Batching Sequence
Batching System
Micro Scale
Major
Scale
Minor
Scale
Batching Sequence
Batching System
Minor
Scale
Mixing Time
Batching
Batching System
Minor
Scale
Volumetric (meter)
Gravimetric (weighed)
Liquid Ingredients:
Fat
Molasses
Choline
Amino acids
Spray Here
Batching Sequence
Batching/Mixing System
Major
Scale
Minor
Scale
Discharge Process
Batch Cycle
Batch Cycle 4 mins
Weighing 2 min
Discharge
1 min
Mixing 3 min
Weighing 2 min
Discharge
1 min
Mixing 3 min
MIXING EQUIPMENT
Automation System
Automation Hardware
PC
Server
PLC
PLC
PLC Cards/Modules
PLC
Theromcouple
Micro Switch
Scale Indicator
PLC Outputs
VFD
Motor Starter
Dry Mix
Wet Mix
Paddle
0.5
Double Ribbon
1-2
2-3
0.75-1
Vertical
5-10
5-10
Ribbon/Paddle Angle
Ribbon Width(s)
Ribbon Tip Speed
Total Surface Area
Mixer Sizes
200 CF Mixer
Feed (lbs/cft)
35 - 7000 lbs
40 8000 lbs
45 9000 lbs
Feed Flow
Main Mixing Zone
Paddle Mixer
Paddle mixer
Feed Flow
Main Mixing
Some
Main Mixing
Mixing
Main Mixing
Some
Mixing
Main Mixing
Drum Mixer
http://www.hayes-stolz.com/
Forberg Mixer
Vertical Mixer
Main
Mixing
Mixing
Zone
Zone
Main
Mixing
Zone
Vertical Mixer
Mixer-Problems
Liquid Spray Nozzle
Material Build up
Mixer Problems
Material on ribbons
Material on paddles
Particle Size
Different particle size can separate during the handling
process
Density
Heavy particles may settle out during conveying and
discharge to a bin
Static Charge
Particles will adhere to equipment if not properly grounded
Hydroscopicity
Vitamins or Feed Additives may absorb water
Adhesiveness
Fats or molasses may adhere to equipment
Segregated
Mix
Perfect Mix
Random Mix
Weighing Precision
Variation in weighing within ingredients, expressed
as Coefficient of Variation (CV)
Weighing CV ranges on average of about 5% (0.6 11% CV)
Economical
Accurate and precise at inclusion level
Sample surge
DATE:
QUANTAB READINGS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.17
0.18
0.18
STANDARD DEVIA
MEAN
0.02
0.19
9.65
Test Method
Rotary Detector.
Scale.
Demagnetizer.
Heating plate.
Developing Solution.
Filter paper 7.5 mm
Grinder for pelleted feed
Source: www.microtracers.com
Source: www.microtracers.com
Source: www.microtracers.com
RATING
CORRECTIVE ACTION
< 10%
Excellent
None
10-15%
Good
1520%
Fair
20%+
Poor
Questions