NDT - Non Destructive Testing

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NDT - Non Destructive Testing

Non-destructive testing of constructions
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Nondestructive testing - NDT - use test methods to examine an object, material or system without impairing its
future usefulness. Non-destructive testing is often required to verify the quality of a product or a system.
Commonly used techniques are

Economics
Electrical
Environment
Fluid Mechanics
Gas and Compressed Air
HVAC Systems
- Air Conditioning
- Heating
- Noise and Attenuation
- Ventilation
Hydraulics and
Pneumatics

AET - Acoustic Emission Testing

ART - Acoustic Resonance Testing
ET - Electromagnetic Testing
IRT - Infrared Testing
LT - Leak Testing
MT - Magnetic Particle Testing
PT - Dye Penetrant Testing
RT - Radiographic Testing
UT - Ultrasonic Testing
VT - Visual Testing (VI - Visual Inspection)

AET - Acoustic Emission Testing

Insulation
Material Properties
Mathematics
Mechanics
- Beams and Columns
Miscellaneous
Physiology
Piping Systems
- Codes and Standards

Acoustic Emission Testing takes advantage of the sharp sound that PCCP emits when it breaks or slips to
identify areas of active distress within a construction. AET can be used to verify the structural integrity of
pressure vessels, spheres, high temperature reactors and piping, coke drums, above ground storage tanks,
cryogenic storage tanks and more. The inspection is executed externally and shut-down of the process may often
not be necessary.

ART - Acoustic Resonance Testing

- Dimensions

After an impact a specimen will vibrate in certain characteristic modes and frequencies that can be measured by
a microphone or laser vibrometer. Acoustic sonic and ultrasonic resonance analysis is a non-destructive testing
technique that allows testing of a wide range of test objects. Typical detecting faults are cracks, cavities,
detached layers, material inconsistencies, hardness deviation in materials.

- Fluid Flow and Pressure

Drop

ET - Electromagnetic Testing

- Corrosion
- Design Strategies

- Heat Loss and Insulation

- Pressure Ratings
- Temperature Expansion

Electromagnetic testing is the process of inducing electric currents and/or magnetic fields inside a test object and
observing the response. A defect in the test object may be detected where electromagnetic interference creates a
measurable response.

- Valve Standards
Process Control
- Control Valves
- Documentation
- Fluid Flow Meters
- Risk, Reliability and
Safety
- Temperature
Measurement
Pumps
Standards Organizations
Steam and Condensate
- Control Valves and
Equipment
- Flash Steam
- Heat Loss and Insulation
- Pipe Sizing
- Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
Water Systems

IRT - Infrared Testing

Infrared testing is a technique that uses thermography, an infrared imaging and measurement camera, to see and
measure infrared energy emitted from an object. Can be used to heat development, lack of insulation, thin walls in
constructions and more.

LT - Leak Testing
Techniques used to detect and locate leaks in pressure containment parts, pressure vessels, and structures.
Leaks can be detected by using liquid and gas penetrant techniques, electronic listening devices, pressure gauge
measurements or soap-bubble tests.

MT - Magnetic Particle Testing

Magnetic particle testing is accomplished by inducing a magnetic field in a ferromagnetic material and then
dusting the surface with iron particles. The surface will produce magnetic poles and distort the magnetic field in
such a way that the iron particles are attracted and concentrated making defects on the surface of the material
visible.

PT - Dye Penetrant Testing

The dye penetrant testing can be used to locate discontinuities on material surfaces. A highly penetrating dye on
the surface will enter discontinuities after a sufficient penetration time, and after removing the excess dye with a
developing agent, the defects on the surface will be visible.

RT - Radiographic Testing
Radiographic testing can be used to detect internal defects in castings, welds or forgings by exposure the
construction to x-ray or gamma ray radiation. Defects are detected by differences in radiation absorption in the
material as seen on a shadow graph displayed on photographic film or a fluorescent screen.

UT - Ultrasonic Testing
Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound energy to conduct examinations and make measurements.

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NDT - Non Destructive Testing

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http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ndt-non-destructive-testing-d_314.html

Ultrasonic inspection can be used for flaw detection/evaluation, dimensional measurements, material
characterization, and more.

VT - Visual Testing (VI - Visual Inspection)

Visual testing or inspection offers a wide range of options to secure proper system or product quality.
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Codes and Standards - Piping codes and standards - ASME, ANSI, ASTM, AGA, API, AWWA, BS, ISO,
DIN and more..
Documentation - Documentation of process control systems - Block Flow Diagrams (BFD), Process Flow
Diagrams (PFD), Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID) and more
Piping Systems - Dimensions of pipes and tubes - dimensions, materials, capacities - pressure drop
calculations and charts - insulation and heat loss diagrams
Risk, Reliability and Safety - Risk, Reliability and Safety in Process Control Systems
Steam and Condensate - Steam & condensate properties - capacities, pipe sizing, systems configuration
and more

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