John S.

Mosby
For the history of Mosbys Rangers, see 43rd Battalion, University of Virginia, taking Classical Studies and joinVirginia Cavalry.
ing the Washington Literary Society and Debating Union.
He was far above average in Latin, Greek, and literature
John Singleton Mosby (December 6, 1833 May 30, (all of which he enjoyed), but mathematics was still a
problem for him. In his third year a quarrel erupted be1916), also known by his nickname, the "Gray Ghost",
was a Confederate army cavalry battalion commander in tween Mosby and a notorious bully, George R. Turpin,
a tavern keepers son who was robust and physically imthe American Civil War. His command, the 43rd Battalion, 1st Virginia Cavalry, known as Mosbys Rangers or pressive. When Mosby heard from a friend that Turpin
Mosbys Raiders, was a partisan ranger unit noted for its had insulted him, Mosby sent Turpin a letter asking for
lightning quick raids and its ability to elude Union Army an explanationone of the rituals in the code of honor to
pursuers and disappear, blending in with local farmers which Southern gentlemen adhered. Turpin became enand townsmen. The area of northern central Virginia in raged and declared that on their next meeting, he would
which Mosby operated with impunity was known during eat him up raw!" Mosby decided he had to meet Turpin
[8]
the war and ever since as Mosbys Confederacy. After despite the risk; to run away would be dishonorable.
the war, Mosby became a Republican and worked as an
attorney and supported his former enemys commander,
U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant, serving as the American consul to Hong Kong and in the U.S. Department of
Justice.

On March 29 the two met, Mosby having brought with

him a small pepper-box pistol in the hope of dissuading
Turpin from an attack. When the two met and Mosby
said, I hear you have been making assertions ... Turpin
put his head down and charged. At that point, Mosby
pulled out the pistol and shot his adversary in the neck.
The distraught 19-year-old Mosby went home to await his
fate. He was arrested and arraigned on two charges: unlawful shooting (a misdemeanor with a maximum sentence of one year in jail and a $500 ne) and malicious
shooting (a felony with a maximum sentence of 10 years
in the penitentiary). After a trial that almost resulted in a
hung jury, Mosby was convicted of the lesser oense but
received the maximum sentence. Mosby later discovered
that he had been expelled from the university before he
was brought to trial.[9]

Early life and education

Mosby was born in Powhatan County, Virginia on December 6, 1833, to Virginia McLaurine Mosby and Alfred Daniel Mosby, a graduate of Hampden-Sydney College. His father was a member of an old Virginian family
of English origin whose ancestor, Richard Mosby, was
born in England in 1600[2] and settled in Charles City,
Virginia in the early 17th century. Mosby was named af- While serving time, Mosby won the friendship of his
ter his paternal grandfather, John Singleton.
prosecutor, attorney William J. Robertson. When Mosby
expressed
his desire to study law, Robertson oered the
Mosby began his education at a school called Murrells
use
of
his
law
library. Mosby studied law for the rest of
Shop. When his family moved to Albemarle County,
his
incarceration.
Friends and family used political inVirginia (near Charlottesville) in about 1840, John atuence
in
an
attempt
to obtain a pardon. Gov. Joseph
tended school in Frys Woods before transferring to a
Johnson
reviewed
the
evidence and pardoned Mosby on
Charlottesville school at the age of ten years. Because
December
23,
1853.
In
early 1854, his ne was rescinded
of his small stature and frail health, Mosby was the vicby
the
state
legislature.
The
incident, trial, and imprisontim of bullies throughout his school career. Instead of
ment
so
traumatized
Mosby
that he never wrote about it
becoming withdrawn and lacking in self-condence, the
[10]
in
his
memoirs.
boy responded by ghting back, although the editor of
his memoirs recounted a statement Mosby made that he
never won any ght in which he was engaged. In fact, the
only time he did not lose a ght was when an adult stepped
in and broke it up.[3]

After studying for months in Robertsons law oce,

Mosby was admitted to the bar and established his
own practice in nearby Howardsville. About this time,
Mosby met Pauline Clarke, who was visiting from out
In 1847, Mosby enrolled at Hampden-Sydney College, of town. He was Methodist and she was Catholic, but
where his father was an alumnus. Unable to keep up their courtship ensued. Her father was an active attorwith his mathematics class,[4] Mosby left the college af- ney and well-connected politician. They were married in
ter two years. On October 3, 1850,[5][6][7] he entered the a Nashville hotel on December 30, 1857 and after liv1

CAREER

ing for a year with Mosbys parents, the couple settled in

Bristol, Virginia which was close to Clarkes hometown
in Kentucky. They had two children before the Civil War
and another was born during it.[11]

2
2.1

Career
American Civil War

John Singleton Mosby

Mosby spied on his enemy. During a brief stopover at

Fort Monroe he detected an unusual buildup of shipping in Hampton Roads. He found they were carrying thousands of troops under Ambrose Burnside from
North Carolina on their way to reinforce John Pope in
Mosby during the American Civil War
the Northern Virginia Campaign. When he was released,
Mosby walked to the army headquarters outside RichMosby spoke out against secession, but joined the Con- mond and personally related his ndings to Robert E.
federate army as a private at the outbreak of the war. Lee.[12]
He rst served in William Grumble Jones's Washington Mounted Ries. Jones became a Major and was instructed to form a more collective Virginia Volunteers, 2.1.2 1863
which he created with two mounted companies and eight
companies of infantry and riemen, including the Washington Mounted Ries. Mosby was upset with the Virginia Volunteers lack of congeniality, and he wrote to
the governor requesting to be transferred. However, his
request was not granted. The Virginia Volunteers participated in the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas).
2.1.1

1861

After impressing J.E.B. Stuart with his ability to gather

intelligence, Mosby was promoted to rst lieutenant and
assigned to Stuarts cavalry scouts. He helped the general develop attack strategies and was responsible for Stuarts Ride around McClellan during the Peninsula Campaign. Captured by Union cavalry, Mosby was imprisoned in the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, D.C. for
ten days before being exchanged. Even as a prisoner

Mosbys Rangers-Top row (left to right): Lee Herverson, Ben

Palmer, John Puryear, Tom Booker, Norman Randolph, Frank
Raham.# Second row: Robert Blanks Parrott, John Troop, John
W. Munson, John S. Mosby, Newell, Neely, Quarles.# Third row:
Walter Gosden, Harry T. Sinnott, Butler, Gentry.

2.1

American Civil War

In January 1863, Stuart, with Lees concurrence, authorized Mosby to form and take command of the 43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry. This was later expanded into
Mosbys Command, a regimental-sized unit of partisan
rangers operating in Northern Virginia. The 43rd Battalion operated ocially as a unit of the Army of Northern Virginia, subject to the commands of Lee and Stuart,
but its men (1,900 of whom served from January 1863
through April 1865) lived outside of the norms of regular
army cavalrymen. The Confederate government certied
special rules to govern the conduct of partisan rangers.
These included sharing in the disposition of spoils of war.
They had no camp duties and lived scattered among the
civilian population. Mosby required proof from any volunteer that he had not deserted from the regular service,
and only about 10% of his men had served previously in
the Confederate Army.[13]
Having previously been promoted to captain, on March
15, 1863, and major, on March 26, 1863, in the Provisional Army of the Confederate States, Mosby was soon
promoted to lieutenant colonel on January 21, 1864, and
to colonel, December 7, 1864.[14]

3
2.1.3 1864
Mosby endured a second serious wound on September 14,
1864, while taunting a Union regiment by riding back and
forth in front of it. A Union bullet shattered the handle
of his revolver before entering his groin. Barely staying
on his horse to make his escape, he resorted to crutches
during a quick recovery and returned to command three
weeks later.[19]
Mosbys successful disruption of supply lines, attrition
of Union couriers, and disappearance in the disguise of
civilians caused Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant to tell Maj.
Gen. Philip Sheridan:
The families of most of Mosebys men are
know[n] and can be collected. I think they
should be taken and kept at Fort McHenry or
some secure place as hostages for good conduct
of Mosby and his men. When any of them are
caught with nothing to designate what they are
hang them without trial.[20]

Mosby is famous for carrying out a daring raid far inside

Union lines at the Fairfax County courthouse in March
1863, where his men captured three Union ocers, including Brig. Gen. Edwin H. Stoughton. Mosby wrote in
his memoirs that he found Stoughton in bed and roused
him with a spank on his bare back. Upon being so
rudely awakened the general indignantly asked what this
meant. Mosby quickly asked if he had ever heard of
Mosby. The general replied, Yes, have you caught
him?" I am Mosby, the Confederate ranger said. Stuarts cavalry has possession of the Court House; be quick
and dress. Mosby and his 29 men had captured a Union
general, two captains, 30 enlisted men, and 58 horses
without ring a shot.[15][16]

On September 22, 1864, Union forces executed six of

Mosbys men who had been captured out of uniform in
Front Royal, Virginia; a seventh (captured, according
to Mosbys subsequent letter to Sheridan, by a Colonel
Powell on a plundering expedition into Rappahannock)
was reported by Mosby to have suered a similar fate.[21]
William Thomas Overby was one of the men selected for
execution on the hill in Front Royal. His captors oered
to spare him if he would reveal Mosbys location, but he
refused. According to reports at the time, his last words
were, My last moments are sweetened by the reection
that for every man you murder this day Mosby will take a
tenfold vengeance.[22] After the executions a Union soldier pinned a piece of paper to one of the bodies that read:
[23]
Mosby led 100 men on a raid across the Potomac River This shall be the fate of all Mosbys men.
to attack the Union camp at Seneca, Maryland on June After informing General Robert E. Lee and Confeder10, 1863. After routing a company of the Sixth Michi- ate Secretary of War James A. Seddon of his intention to
gan Calvary and burning their camp, Mosby reported to respond in kind, Mosby ordered seven Union prisoners,
J.E.B. Stuart of the success. This drew Stuarts attention chosen by lot, to be executed in retaliation on November
to Rowsers Ford, the point where Mosby had crossed the 6, 1864, at Rectortown, Virginia. Although seven men
Potomac. This would impact the Gettysburg Campaign, were duly chosen in the original death lottery, in the
as Stuart crossed Rowsers Ford the night of June 27 and end just three men were actually executed. One numwas now separated from Lees army and wouldn't arrive bered lot fell to a drummer boy who was excused because
at Gettysburg until the afternoon of the second day of the of his age, and Mosbys men held a second drawing for a
battle. Lee stumbled into the battle without his cavalry, man to take his place. Then, on the way to the place of
partly because of Mosbys successful skirmish at Seneca execution a prisoner recognized Masonic regalia on the
three weeks earlier.[17]
uniform of Confederate Captain Montjoy, a recently inMosby endured his rst serious wound of the war on August 24, 1863, during a battle near Annandale, Virginia,
when a bullet hit him through his thigh and side. He retired from the eld with his troops and returned to action
a month later.[18]

ducted Freemason then returning from a raid. The condemned captive gave him a secret Masonic distress signal. Captain Montjoy substituted one of his own prisoners for his fellow Mason[25] (though one source speaks
of two Masons being substituted).[26] Mosby upbraided
Montjoy, stating that his command was not a Masonic
lodge. The soldiers charged with carrying out the executions of the revised group of seven successfully hanged

3 LATER LIFE AND DEATH

join up with General Joseph E. Johnston's army in North
Carolina. Before he reached his fellow Confederates, he
read in a newspaper of Johnstons surrender. Some of
his colleagues proposed that they return to Richmond and
capture the Union ocers who were occupying the White
House of the Confederacy, but Mosby rejected the plan,
telling them, Too late! It would be murder and highway
robbery now. We are soldiers, not highwaymen.[31]
Mosby was now a wanted man, with a $5,000 bounty on
his head issued by Maj. Gen. Wineld S. Hancock. He
eluded capture in the area of Lynchburg, Virginia, until
the end of June, when Ulysses S. Grant intervened directly in the case and paroled him.[32]

3 Later life and death

Captain Montjoy, wood engraving 1867[24]

three men. They shot two more in the head and left them
for dead (remarkably, both survived). The other two condemned men managed to escape separately.[27]
On November 11, 1864, Mosby wrote to Philip Sheridan,
the commander of Union forces in the Shenandoah Valley, requesting that both sides resume treating prisoners
with humanity. He pointed out that he and his men had
captured and returned far more of Sheridans men than
they had lost.[28] The Union side complied. With both
camps treating prisoners as prisoners of war for the duration, there were no more executions.
On November 18, 1864, Mosbys command defeated
Mosby and his former lieutenant, John S. Russell
Blazers Scouts at the Battle of Kabletown.[29]
Mosby had his closest brush with death on December 21,
1864, near Rectors Crossroads in Virginia. Apparently
having dinner with a family in a Southern home, Mosby
was red on through a window, and the ball entered his
abdomen two inches below the navel.[18] He managed to
stagger into the bedroom and hide his coat, which had
his only insignia of rank. The commander of the Union
detachment, Maj. Douglas Frazar of the 13th New York
Cavalry, entered the house andnot knowing Mosbys
identityinspected the wound and pronounced it mortal.
Although left for dead, Mosby recovered and returned to
the war eort once again two months later.[30]
2.1.4

1865

Several weeks after General Robert E. Lees surrender,

Mosby simply disbanded his rangers on April 21, 1865,
in Salem, Virginia, as he refused to surrender formally.
Many of his men obtained ocial parole documents from
the Union and returned to their homes, but Mosby himself traveled southward with a small party of ocers to

After the Civil War had ended, Mosby became an active Republican, saying that it was the best way to help
the southern U.S. recover from the eects wrought by
the war. Mosby went on to become a campaign manager in Virginia for U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant. In
his autobiography Grant stated, Since the close of the
war, I have come to know Colonel Mosby personally and
somewhat intimately. He is a dierent man entirely from
what I supposed. ... He is able and thoroughly honest and
truthful.[33]
A major postbellum activity for Mosby was his prolic
defense of J.E.B. Stuart, who had been blamed by some
partisans of the "Lost Cause" for the Confederacys defeat
at the Battle of Gettysburg. Mosby had served under Stuart during the campaign and was ercely loyal to the late
general, writing, He made me all that I was in the war.
... But for his friendship I would never have been heard
of. He wrote numerous articles for popular publications
and published a book length treatise in 1908, a work that
relied on his skills as a lawyer to refute categorically all
of the claims laid against Stuart. A recent comprehensive

5
went to war on account of the thing we quarreled with
the North about. I've never heard of any other cause than
slavery.[38][39]
In June 1907, Mosby wrote a letter to Samuel Sam
Chapman, in which he expressed his displeasure over
people, namely George Christian, erroneously downplaying and denying the importance of slavery in its causing
the American Civil War. In the letter, Mosby explained
his reasons as to why he fought for the Confederacy, despite personally disapproving of slavery, the Confederacys cause. While he admitted that the Confederacy had
started the war to protect and defend their institution of
slavery, he had felt it was his patriotic duty as a Virginian
to ght on behalf of the Confederacy, stating that I am
not ashamed of having fought on the side of slaverya
soldier ghts for his countryright or wronghe is not
responsible for the political merits of the course he ghts
in and that The South was my country.[40][41]
Mosby died in Washington, D.C. on May 30, 1916, and
is buried at the Warrenton Cemetery in Warrenton, Virginia.[14]

4 Legacy
Mosbys former residence at Washington, D.C.'s Logan Circle in
August 2008.

study of the Stuart controversy, written by Eric J. Wittenberg and J. David Petruzzi, called Mosbys work a "tour
de force".[34]
Mosbys friendship with Grant, and his work with those
whom many Southerners considered the enemy, made
Mosby a highly controversial gure among some Virginians. He received death threats, his boyhood home was
burned down, and at least one attempt was made to assassinate him. Reecting on the animosity shown to him by
his fellow Virginians, Mosby stated in a May 1907 letter
that There was more vindictiveness shown to me by the
Virginia people for my voting for Grant than the North
War Loses Its Romance": Inscription of military quotation by
showed to me for ghting four years against him.[35] The
John S. Mosby at Veterans Memorial at the Lackawanna County
danger contributed to the Presidents appointing him as Courthouse in Scranton, Pennsylvania
an American consul to Hong Kong from 1878 to 1885.
Mosby then served as a lawyer in San Francisco, California with the Southern Pacic Railroad. Later he worked
The area around Middleburg, from where Mosby
for the Department of the Interior, rst enforcing fedlaunched most of his behind-the-lines activities, was
eral fencing laws in Omaha, then evicting trespassers on
called Mosbys Confederacy, even in the Northgovernment-owned land in Alabama. He also worked as
ern press. The Mosby Heritage Area Association
an assistant attorney in the Department of Justice from
in Middleburg, headquartered in Middleburg, is ac1904 to 1910.[36]
tively involved in preserving the history, culture, and
scenery of this historic area.[42]
Mosby was friends with the family of George S. Patton. Mosby visited the Patton Ranch and recreated Civil
The John Singleton Mosby Museum is located in
War battles with George, with Mosby playing himself and
Warrenton, Virginia, at the historic Brentmoor es[37]
George playing Robert E. Lee.
tate where Mosby lived from 1875 to 1877.
In 1894, Mosby wrote to a former comrade regarding the
cause of the war, stating: I've always understood that we
There are 35 monuments and markers in Northern

7 NOTES
Virginia dedicated to actions and events related to
Mosbys Rangers.
John Mosby Highway, a section of US Route 50 between Dulles Airport and Winchester, Virginia, is
named for Colonel Mosby.
Mosby Woods Elementary School in the Fairfax
County Public Schools system is named in his
honor.[43]
Mosby Woods subdivision in Fairfax City is also
named in his honor.
The post oce branch for zip code 22042 (in Northern Virginias Falls Church area) is referred to by the
USPS as the Mosby branch.
Loudoun County High School's (Leesburg, Virginia)
mascot is the Raiders after Mosbys Raiders.

In popular culture
Herman Melville's poem The Scout Toward Aldie
was about the terror a Union brigade felt upon facing
Mosby and his men.
Virgil Carrington Jones published Ranger Mosby
(1944), and Gray Ghosts and Rebel Raiders (1956).
He also wrote the late-1950s television program,
The Gray Ghost.

There is a computer game based on Mosbys Civil

war activities, by Tilted Mill, called "Mosbys Confederacy". (2008)
Science ction author H. Beam Piper wrote a popular account of Mosbys life which was published under the title Rebel Raider.[46]

6 See also
43rd Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry, also known
as Mosbys Rangers
Shenandoah River, Mosbys cave, above Harpers
Ferry

7 Notes
[1] Civil War Trust biography of Mosby.
[2] familysearch.org
[3] Mosby and Russell, pp. 67. Mosby made the statement
to John S. Patton, who wrote in the Baltimore Sun about
Mosbys diculties at the University of Virginia.
[4] Brinkley, John Luster. On This Hill: A narrative history of Hampden-Sydney College, 17741994. Hampden
Sydney: 1994. ISBN 1-886356-06-8

A 1913 lm entitled The Pride of the South, starred

actor Joseph King as John Mosby.

[5] Jones, p. 20.

CBS Television produced The Gray Ghost during the

195758 television season. The show aired in syndication and starred Tod Andrews as Mosby during
his Civil War exploits.[44]

[7] Siepel, 2008, pp. 2224.

In Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls the

protagonist refers to Mosby as the best cavalry ocer of the Civil War.
The 1967 Disney television movie Willie and the
Yank: The Mosby Raiders[45] starred Kurt Russell
as a young Confederate serving under Mosby, portrayed by Jack Ging.[44]

[6] Bell, 2008, p. 101.

[8] Mosby and Russell, pp. 78.

[9] Ramage, pp. 2024.
[10] Wert, pp. 2627.
[11] Ramage, pp. 2830.
[12] Longacre, p. 107.
[13] Wert, pp. 7375.
[14] Allardice, p. 284.

In the 1988 alternate history novel Gray Victory au- [15] Wert, pp. 2022.
thor Robert Skimin depicts Mosby as the head of
military intelligence after the Confederacy wins the [16] Wheeler,Linda (September 9, 2012), The rough and tough
exploits of Confederate raider John Mosby, Washington
Civil War. He defends his friend, J.E.B. Stuart, from
Post
a court of inquiry investigating Stuarts actions in the
battle of Gettysburg. In the novel, Skimin portrays [17] Peck, Garrett (2013). The Smithsonian Castle and the
Seneca Quarry. Charleston, SC: The History Press. pp.
Mosby as more pro-slavery than was the case histor6265. ISBN 978-1609499297.
ically.
In the CBS comedy How I Met Your Mother episode
I'm Not That Guy, Ted Mosby references John S.
Mosby as the only other famous Mosby he knows
of.

[18] Smith, p. 17.

[19] Smith, p. 17; Wert, p. 209.
[20] Neely, p. 79.

[21] Boyle, p. 161.

[22] Scott, p. 320 (quoting Overby).
[23] Boyle, p. 155.
[24] Engraving reproduced from Scott, p. 210. Scott refers to
Captain Mountjoy, but most references spell it Montjoy.
[25] Boyle.
[26] Scott, pp. 35560.
[27] Wert, pp. 24448.
[28] Wert, pp. 24950.
[29] Wert, pp. 25254.
[30] Smith, p. 17; Wert, p. 267; CivilWarAlbum.com.
Mosby Heritage Area Tour. Mosby Heritage Area Association. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
[31] Wert, pp. 28790.
[32] Wert, p. 290. Allardice, p. 284, claims that he remained
a fugitive until being arrested in January 1866, when his
wife obtained the special pardon from General Grant.
[33] Grant, vol. 2, p. 142.
[34] Wittenberg and Petruzzi, pp. 21928.
[35] John Mosby (May 9, 1907). Letter to Samuel Chapman.
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Retrieved
December 12, 2013.
[36] McKnight, p. 1369.
[37] John Mosby and George Patton
[38] Coski, John M. (2006). The Confederate Battle Flag:
Americas Most Embattled Emblem. Retrieved July 1,
2015.
[39] Lozada, Carlos (June 19, 2015). How people convince
themselves that the Confederate ag represents freedom,
not slavery: Historian John M. Coski examines the ghts
over the symbols meaning in 'The Confederate Battle
Flag: Americas Most Embattled Emblem.'". Retrieved
July 1, 2015.
[40] Letter, Assistant Attorney General John S. Mosby to
Captain Sam Chapman. The Gilder Lehrman Institute
of American History. June 4, 1907. Archived from the
original on 2013-11-12.
[41] Hall, Clark B. Bud (2011). Letter to the Fauquier
Times Democrat. Middleburg, Virginia. Retrieved May
18, 2011.
[42] Mosby Heritage Area Association
[43] School website. The website incorrectly refers to Mosby
as a general.
[44] Mosbys Rangers on DVD.
[45] IMDB.
[46] Piper, H. Beam (December 1950). Rebel Raider. True:
The Mans Magazine. Retrieved 2014-11-19.

8 References
Alexander, John H. Mosbys Men. New York: Neale
Publishing Company, 1907. OCLC 297987971.
Allardice, Bruce S. Confederate Colonels: A Biographical Register. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8262-1809-4.
Barefoot, Daniel W. Let Us Die Like Brave Men:
Behind the Dying Words of Confederate Warriors.
Winston-Salem, NC: John F. Blair Publisher, 2005.
ISBN 978-0-89587-311-8.
Bell, Grin B.; John P. Cole. Footnotes to History: A Primer on the American Political Character.
Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2008. ISBN
978-0-86554-904-3.
Boyle, William E. Under the Black Flag: Execution
and Retaliation in Mosbys Confederacy, Military
Law Review 144 (Spring 1994): p. 148.
Crawford, J. Marshall. Mosby and His Men. New
York: G. W. Carleton, 1867. OCLC 25241469.
Grant, Ulysses S. Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant.
2 vols. Charles L. Webster & Company, 188586.
ISBN 0-914427-67-9.
Jones, Virgil Carrington. Ranger Mosby. Chapel
Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1944.
ISBN 0-8078-0432-0.
Longacre, Edward G. Lees Cavalrymen: A History
of the Mounted Forces of the Army of Northern Virginia. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002.
ISBN 0-8117-0898-5.
McGin, Lee. Iron Scouts of the Confederacy. Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 1993.
ISBN 1-930092-19-9.
McKnight, Brian D. John Singleton Mosby. In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political,
Social, and Military History, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
Mosby, John Singleton, and Charles Wells Russell. The Memoirs of Colonel John S. Mosby. New
York: Little, Brown, and Company, 1917. OCLC
1750463.
Neely, Mark E. The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0-19-506496-4.
Ramage, James A. Rebel Raider: The Life of General John Hunt Morgan. Lexington: University
Press of Kentucky, 1986. ISBN 0-8131-0839-X.

10
Siepel, Kevin H. Rebel: The Life and Times of John
Singleton Mosby, Lincoln: University of Nebraska
Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8032-1609-9. First published 1983 by St. Martins Press.
Smith, Eric. Mosbys Raiders, Guerrilla Warfare in
the Civil War. New York: Victoria Games, Inc.,
1985. ISBN 978-0-912515-22-9.
Wert, Jery D. Mosbys Rangers: The True Adventure of the Most Famous Command of the Civil War.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990. ISBN 0-67174745-2.
Winik, Jay. April 1865: The Month That Saved
America. New York: HarperCollins, 2006. ISBN
978-0-06-089968-4. First published 2001.
Wittenberg, Eric J., and J. David Petruzzi. Plenty
of Blame to Go Around: Jeb Stuarts Controversial
Ride to Gettysburg. New York: Savas Beatie, 2006.
ISBN 1-932714-20-0.
The Home of The American Civil War: John Mosby
John Singleton Mosby A Long And Stormy Career

Further reading
Evans, Clement A., ed. Confederate Military History: A Library of Confederate States History. 12
vols. Atlanta: Confederate Publishing Company,
1899. OCLC 833588.
Goetz, David. Hell is being a Republican in Virginia
: the post-war relationship between John Singleton
Mosby and Ulysses S. Grant. Bloomington, Indiana:
Xlibris. ISBN 9781462890811.
Mosby, John Singleton. Mosbys Reminiscences and
Stuarts Cavalry Campaigns. New York: Dodd,
Mead & Company, 1887. OCLC 26692400.
Mosby, John Singleton. Stuarts Cavalry in the Gettysburg Campaign. New York: Moat, Yard & Co.,
1908. OCLC 2219061.
Munson, John W. Reminiscences of a Mosby Guerrilla. New York: Moat, Yard, and Co., 1906.
OCLC 166633099.
Scott, John. Partisan Life with Col. John S. Mosby.
New York: Harper & Brothers, 1867. OCLC
1305753.
Williamson, James Joseph. Mosbys Rangers: A
Record of the Operations of the Forty-third Battalion Virginia Cavalry. New York: Ralph B. Kenyon,
1896. OCLC 17692024.

EXTERNAL LINKS

10 External links
Col. John Mosby and the Southern code of honor,
University of Virginia
Typed carbon copy letter, signed. John Mosby to
Eppa Hunton. November 18, 1909.
Mosby Heritage Area Association
Works by or about John S. Mosby at Internet
Archive
Works by John S. Mosby at LibriVox (public domain
audiobooks)
John S. Mosby at Find a Grave
"Mosby, John Singleton". Appletons Cyclopdia of
American Biography. 1900.
"Mosby, John Singleton". Encyclopdia Britannica
(11th ed.). 1911.

11

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

11.1

Text

John S. Mosby Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_S._Mosby?oldid=670475969 Contributors: Magnus Manske, JeLuF, Snoyes,

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11.2

Images

File:1212_12th_Street,_NW.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/1212_12th_Street%2C_NW.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: AgnosticPreachersKid
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adapted from this: <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mississippi.svg' class='image'><img alt='Flag of Mississippi.svg'
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png'
width='30'
height='20'
srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/45px-Flag_
of_Mississippi.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/60px-Flag_of_
Mississippi.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='900' data-le-height='600' /></a> Flag of Mississippi.svg. Original artist: Phroziac cut this out of
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File:CaptainMountjoy.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/CaptainMountjoy.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Major John Scott, Partisan Life with Col. John S. Mosby (New York: Harper & Bros. Publishers, 1867) Original artist:
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11

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:JohnSMosby&men.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/JohnSMosby%26men.jpg License: Public

domain Contributors: File from The Photographic History of The Civil War in Ten Volumes: Volume Four, The Cavalry. The Review of
Reviews Co., New York. 1911. p. 171. Original artist: Unknown
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Original artist: Mathew Brady

File:John_S._Mosby_inscription_in_Scranton,_PA_MG_1534.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/
06/John_S._Mosby_inscription_in_Scranton%2C_PA_MG_1534.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Transferred from
en.wikipedia; transfer was stated to be made by User:Hoodinski.
Original artist: Billy Hathorn (talk). Original uploader was Billy Hathorn at en.wikipedia
File:John_S_Mosby_signature.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/John_S_Mosby_signature.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Heritage Auction Gallery Original artist: John S Mosby
Created in vector format by Scewing

File:Old_mosby_and_russell.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Old_mosby_and_russell.jpg License:

Public domain Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia Original artist: Original uploader was Sevenofnine7o9 at en.wikipedia
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11.3

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