AS CA7O-1971

UDC

69.051.5

Sf8Bb2

Australian Standard
CA7O. 1971

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SAA FORMWORK CODE

STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRAUA

Incorporated by Royal Charter

THE FOLLOWING INDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC AND GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

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and departments were officially represented on the committee entrusted

with the preparation of this standard:
Associated Chambers of Manufactures of Australia
Association of Consulting Engineers, Australia
Australian Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors
Australian and New Zealand Railways Conferences
CSIRO Division of Building Research
Cement and Concrete Association of Australia
City Councils
Commonwealth Department of Works
Commonwealth Experimental Building Station
Council of Fire and Accident Underwriters of Australia
Department of Local Government, Vic.
Departments of Labour and Industry
Departments of Public Works
Institution of Engineers, Australia
Local Government Engineers Association, N.S.W.
Manufacturers of formwork components
Master Builders Federation of Australia
National Association of Australian State Roads Authorities
Plywood Association of Australia

This standard, prepared by Committee BD/43, Formwork, was approved.

on behalf of the Council of the Standards Association of Australia on 2 April
1971.

To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian standards are

regularly reviewed. Suggestions for improvements, addressed to the
headquarters of the Association, are welcomed.

The rules are intended to include the technical provisions necessary for
the design and construction of formwork and falsework but do not purport
to comprise all the necessary provisions of a contract.

This standard was issued in draft for public review as Doc. 1625.

AUSTRALIAN STANDARD RULES

DESIGN ANI CONSTRUCTION

OF FORM WORK

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known as the

SAA FO1IMWORK CODE

AS CA7O

First published

1971

1971

Regiatered In Australia for transmission by poet as a book.

PUBLISHED BY THE STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA

STANDARDS HOUSE, 80 ARTHUR ST., NORTH SYDNEY (Copyright)

AS CA7O-1971

PREFACE
This code was prepared by the Formwork Committee under the chairmanship of Mr D. Corbett Gore, in response to requests from the Consulting
Engineers' Panel of the Institution of Engineers, Australia.
The i formation given in this code' was obtained from' various sources,

including literature of the American Concrete Institute and the British

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Standards Institution, and the contribution made by these 'and other bodies
is acknowledged.

The importance of safety in design and construction is emphasized by

the inclusion in the appropriate sections of check lists of deficiencies and
unsafe practices contributing 'to fOrm failure, and which are to be avoided
for this reason. An appreciable section of the code is also devoted to design
and construction practice associated with multi-storey structures, with
particular emphasis,. on allowable deflections under load, and methods of
distributing to lower floors the loads due to freshly placed concrete.
Dimensional tolerances are specified for concrete surfaces which are to
be rendered or otherwise treated after removal of forms, and also for surfaces

which require no further treatment, and proportions are given for timber
bearers used in formwork construction. Details are given for procedures to
be adopted in the preparation of forms, assembly prior to placing concrete,
shoring, adjustment during and after concreting, stripping of forms, and
reshoring where necessary.

It should be noted that reshoring unless under the control of an engineer

experienced in such work is not recommended; it is considered preferable to
design the formwork so that the shores can be left in place until the concrete

has developed sufficient strength to support its own weight and any construction loads that may be placed upon it.
Attention is drawn to the following 'Australian standards which may
be required for use in connection with this code:
AS AlOO et seq. Methods of Test for Concrete
SAA Steel Structures Code
AS CAl
SAA Code for Concrete in Buildings
AS CA2
Timber Engineering Design (in course of preparation)
AS CA65
Control of Concrete SurfacesPart I, Formwork
AS CA72
Pinus Structural Plywood
AS 085
AS 087
Plywood for Exterior Use

Hardwood Structural Plywood (in course of prep-

AS 089
AS .1082

SAA mt. 350.

aration)
Glossary of Formwork Terms
Minimum Design Loads on Buildings

AS CA7O-1971

CONTENTS
SECTION 1. GENERAL
1.1
Scope
1.2
New Materials
Definitions
1,3

Page
4
4

or Methods

SECTIoN 2. MATERIALS
2.1
General

2.2

Materials to be used

SECTION 3.

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5
5

Disio

3.1

General

3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14

Safety-

9
9
10
21
21

Loads
Design of Formwork Components
Permissible Stress Method
Ultimate Strength Method
Design Analysis
Shores ..
Diagonal Bracing
Foundations for Formwork
Falsework and Screwjacks
Movement of Formwork under Load
Deflection Limits
Drawings

22
23
23

24
24
24
24
25
25

SECTION 4. CONSTRUCTION
Safety Precautions
4.1

4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8

26
27
28
29

General Practices
Workmanship
Tolerances
Falsework
Adjustment of Formwork
Removal of Forms and Falsework
Shoring and Reshoring for Multi-storey Structures

31

34
36
39

..

..

APPENDIX A.

STRIPPING liMES FOR SusPED WORK

APPENDIX B.

MINm4imi REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING FORM WORK

41

COMPONENTS TO ESTABLISH ULTIMATE STRENGTh!

..

42

INFORMATION IN DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS

..

44

APPENDIX D. WORKED EXAMPLES USING FORMULAS FOR LATERAL

..
..
..
..
PItEssuI
..

46

APPENDIX C.

APPENDIX E.

LATERAL PRESSURE OF PLASTIC CONCRETE ON FORMS

ALTERNATIVE METHOD

50

AS CA7O-1971

STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard Rules

for
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FORMWORK
SECTION 1. GENERAL
SCOPE. These Rules apply to the design, fabrication, erection and
stripping of formwork and falsework for any concrete structure to be
erected under provisions of building regulations, by-laws, ordinances,
statutory authorities and the like.

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1.1

Nom: If surface finish or colour uniformity is important, this standard should

be read in conjunction with AS CA72, Control of Concrete SurfacesPart I,
Formwork, which sets out in detail requirements for formwork to achieve
various degrees of surface finish and colour uniformity.

1.2 NEW MATERIALS OR METHODS. These Rules shall not be

interpreted to prevent the use of materials or of methods of design or construction not specifically referred to herein. If it is desired to seek the opinion
of the SAA Formwork Committee as to whether materials other than those

specified or methods of design or construction not covered herein, are

deemed to comply with the intention of these Rules, details of such materials
or methods, including relevant test results, shall be submitted to the Committee.
Nom: It may be necessary to seek approval from the relevant Statutory Authority
for the use of new materials or methods.

1.3 DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of these Rules, the following

definitions shall apply.

1.3.1 A ministrative Definitions.

Approvedaccording to the context, approved either by the Engineer/

Architect or the relevant Statutory Authority.
Architecta legally registered architect.

Contractorthe person, persons or organization agreeing under a

contract to execute the work.

Designer (of forms)the person, persons or organization responsible

for the design of the forms.

Engineera person qualified for Corporate Membership of the Institution of Engineers, Australia.
Nom: This definition does not requite that an engineer be a Corporate Member
of the Institution of Engineers, Australia.

Statutory Authoritya body having statutory powers to control the

design and erection of buildings or structures in the area in which
the building or structure concerned is to be erected.
1.3.3 Technical Definitions. Technical definitions relating to formwork
are given in AS 1082, Glossary of Formwork Terms.

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AS CA70-1971 Design and construction of

formwork (known as the SAA Formwork Code)

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