Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Conan Doyle redirects here. For the professional the British Library and the Library of Congress treat
athlete, see Conan Doyle (rugby union).
Doyle alone as his surname.[11]
Steven Doyle, editor of the Baker Street Journal, has written, Conan was Arthurs middle name. Shortly after he
graduated from high school he began using Conan as a
sort of surname. But technically his last name is simply
'Doyle'.[12] When knighted he was gazetted as Doyle, not
under the compound Conan Doyle.[13] Nevertheless, the
He is also known for writing the ctional adventures of a actual use of a compound surname is demonstrated by the
known as Jean Conan
second character he invented, Professor Challenger, and fact that Doyles second wife was[14]
Doyle
rather
than
Jean
Doyle.
[1]
for popularising the mystery of the Mary Celeste. He
was a prolic writer whose other works include fantasy
and science ction stories, plays, romances, poetry, non1.3 Medical career
ction and historical novels.
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle KStJ, DL (22 May
1859 7 July 1930) was a Scottish writer and physician,
most noted for his ctional stories about the detective
Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered milestones in the eld of crime ction.
1
1.1
1.2
Name
1.5
Sporting career
3
work.[26] He also authored nine other novels, and later
in his career (1912-1929) ve stories, two of novella
length, featuring the irascible scientist Professor Challenger. The Challenger stories include what is probably
his best-known work after the Holmes oeuvre, The Lost
World. He was a prolic author of short stories, including two collections set in Napoleonic times featuring the
French character Brigadier Gerard.
Doyles stage works include Waterloo, the reminiscences
of an English veteran of the Napoleonic Wars, the character of Gregory Brewster being written for Henry Irving;
The House of Temperley, the plot of which reects his
abiding interest of boxing; The Speckled Band, after the
short story of that name; and the 1893 collaboration with
J.M. Barrie on the libretto of Jane Annie.[33]
Other works
1.7
Correcting injustice
Political campaigning
Doyle was also a fervent advocate of justice and personally investigated two closed cases, which led to two
men being exonerated of the crimes of which they were
accused. The rst case, in 1906, involved a shy halfBritish, half-Indian lawyer named George Edalji who had
allegedly penned threatening letters and mutilated animals in Great Wyrley. Police were set on Edaljis conviction, even though the mutilations continued after their
suspect was jailed.[48]
It was partially as a result of this case that the Court of
Criminal Appeal was established in 1907. Apart from
helping George Edalji, his work helped establish a way to
correct other miscarriages of justice. The story of Doyle
and Edalji was dramatised in an episode of the 1972 BBC
1.9
Spiritualism, Freemasonry
1.9
Spiritualism, Freemasonry
monia, which he contracted during his convalescence after being seriously wounded during the 1916 Battle of
the Somme. Brigadier-General Innes Doyle died, also
from pneumonia, in February 1919. Sir Arthur became involved with Spiritualism to the extent that he
wrote a novella on the subject, The Land of Mist, featuring the character Professor Challenger. The Coming of the Fairies (1922)[53] appears to show that Conan
Doyle was convinced of the veracity of the ve Cottingley
Fairies photographs (which decades later were exposed as
a hoax). He reproduced them in the book, together with
theories about the nature and existence of fairies and spirits.
In 1920, Doyle debated the notable sceptic Joseph McCabe on the claims of Spiritualism at Queens Hall in
London. McCabe later published his evidence against
Doyle and Spiritualism in a booklet entitled Is Spiritualism Based on Fraud? which claimed Doyle had
been duped into believing Spiritualism by mediumship
trickery.[54]
powersa view expressed in Doyles The Edge of the Unknown. Houdini was apparently unable to convince Doyle
that his feats were simply illusions, leading to a bitter public falling out between the two.[55] A specic incident is
recounted in memoirs by Houdinis friend Bernard M.L.
Ernst, in which Houdini performed an impressive trick at
his home in the presence of Conan Doyle. Houdini assured Conan Doyle the trick was pure illusion and that
he was attempting to prove a point about Doyle not endorsing phenomena simply because he had no explanation. According to Ernst, Conan Doyle refused to believe
it was a trick.[56]
In 1922, the psychical researcher Harry Price accused the
spirit photographer William Hope of fraud. Doyle defended Hope, but further evidence of trickery was obtained from other researchers.[57] Doyle threatened to
have Price evicted from the National Laboratory of Psychical Research and claimed if he persisted to write
sewage about spiritualists, he would meet the same
fate as Harry Houdini.[58] Price wrote Arthur Conan
Doyle and his friends abused me for years for exposing
Hope.[59] Because of the exposure of Hope and other
fraudulent spiritualists, Doyle in the 1920s led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psy- Doyle in 1930, the year of his death, with his son Adrian
chical Research, as they believed the Society was opposed
to spiritualism.[60]
Doyle and spiritualist William Thomas Stead were duped
into believing Julius and Agnes Zancig had genuine psychic powers. Both Doyle and Stead claimed the Zancigs
performed telepathy. In 1924 Julius and Agnes Zancig
confessed that that their mind reading act was a trick and
published the secret code and all the details of the trick
method they had used under the title of Our Secrets!! in a
London newspaper.[61] In his book The History of Spiritualism (1926), Doyle praised the psychic phenomena and
spirit materializations produced by Eusapia Palladino and
Mina Crandon, who were both exposed as frauds.[62] In
1927, Doyle spoke in a lmed interview about Sherlock
Holmes and spiritualism.[63]
Richard Milner, an American historian of science, has
presented a case that Doyle may have been the perpetrator
of the Piltdown Man hoax of 1912, creating the counterfeit hominid fossil that fooled the scientic world for over
40 years. Milner says that Doyle had a motivenamely,
revenge on the scientic establishment for debunking one
of his favourite psychicsand that The Lost World contains several encrypted clues regarding his involvement in
the hoax.[64][65] Samuel Rosenberg's 1974 book Naked is
the Best Disguise purports to explain how, throughout his
writings, Doyle left open clues that related to hidden and
suppressed aspects of his mentality.[66]
Doyles grave at Minstead, England
1.10 Death
on 7 July 1930. He died of a heart attack at the age of
Doyle was found clutching his chest in the hall of Windle- 71. His last words were directed toward his wife: You
sham Manor, his house in Crowborough, East Sussex, are wonderful.[67] At the time of his death, there was
7
some controversy concerning his burial place, as he was
avowedly not a Christian, considering himself a Spiritualist. He was rst buried on 11 July 1930 in Windlesham
rose garden.
He was later reinterred together with his wife in Minstead
churchyard in the New Forest, Hampshire.[5] Carved
wooden tablets to his memory and to the memory of his
wife are held privately and are inaccessible to the public.
That inscription reads, Blade straight/Steel true/Arthur
Conan Doyle/Born May 22nd 1859/Passed on 7th July
1930.
The epitaph on his gravestone in the churchyard
reads, in part: Steel true/Blade straight/Arthur Conan
Doyle/Knight/Patriot, Physician, and man of letters.[68]
Undershaw, the home near Hindhead, Haslemere, which
Doyle had built and lived in between October 1897 and
September 1907,[69] was a hotel and restaurant from 1924
until 2004. It was then bought by a developer and stood
empty while conservationists and Doyle fans fought to
preserve it.[38] In 2012 the High Court ruled the redevelopment permission be quashed because proper procedure
had not been followed.[70]
[4] The details of the births of Arthur and his siblings are unclear. Some sources say there were nine children, some
say ten. It seems three died in childhood. See Owen Dudley Edwards', Doyle, Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan (1859
1930)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford
University Press, 2004; Encyclopdia Britannica; Arthur
Conan Doyle: A Life in Letters, Wordsworth Editions,
2007 p. viii; ISBN 978-1-84022-570-9
[5] Owen Dudley Edwards, Doyle, Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan (18591930)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
[6] Golgotha Pres (2011). The Life and Times of Arthur Conan Doyle. BookCaps Study Guides. ISBN 978-1-62107027-6. In time, he would reject the Catholic religion and
become an agnostic.
[7] Pascal, Janet B. (2000). Arthur Conan Doyle: Beyond
Baker Street. Oxford University Press, p. 139
[8] Lellenberg, Jon; Daniel Stashower; Charles Foley (2007).
Arthur Conan Doyle: A Life in Letters. HarperPress. pp.
89. ISBN 978-0-00-724759-2.
[9] Stashower, pp. 2021.
A statue honours Doyle at Crowborough Cross in Crow- [10] Stashower says that the compound version of his surname
originated from his great-uncle Michael Conan, a distinborough, where he lived for 23 years.[71] There is a statue
guished journalist, from whom Arthur and his elder sisof Sherlock Holmes in Picardy Place, Edinburgh, close
ter, Annette, received the compound surname of Conan
to the house where Doyle was born.[72]
Doyle (Stashower 2021). The same source points out
Bibliography
that in 1885 he was describing himself on the brass nameplate outside his house, and on his doctoral thesis, as A.
Conan Doyle (Stashower 70). However, the 1901 census
indicates that Conan Doyles surname was Doyle, leading some sources to assert that the form Conan Doyle
was used as a surname only in his later years.
[11] Christopher Redmond, Sherlock Holmes Handbook (Dundurn, 2nd edition 2009), p. 97
See also
Physician writer
William Gillette, a personal friend who performed
the most famous stage version of Sherlock Holmes
List of notable Freemasons
References
REFERENCES
[55] Massimo Polidoro. (2003). Secrets of the Psychics: Investigating Paranormal Claims. Prometheus Books. pp.
120-124. ISBN 1-59102-086-7
[56] Polidoro, Massimo. Houdinis Impossible Demonstration. Skeptical Inquirer. The Committee For Skeptical
Inquiry. http://www.csicop.org/SI/show/houdinirsquos_
impossible_demonstration/ (August 2006).
[57] Massimo Polidoro (2011). Photos of Ghosts: The Burden of Believing the Unbelievable by Massimo Polidoro.
Csicop.org. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
[60] G. K. Nelson. (2013). Spiritualism and Society. Routledge. p. 159; ISBN 978-0-415-71462-4
[61] John Booth. (1986). Psychic Paradoxes. Prometheus
Books. p. 8; ISBN 978-0-87975-358-0
[62] William Kalush, Larry Ratso Sloman. (2006). The Secret
Life of Houdini: The Making of Americas First Superhero.
Atria Books. ISBN 978-0-7432-7208-7
[63] 1927 Conan Doyle interview
[64] ""Piltdown Man: Britains Greatest Hoax 17 February
2011 BBC. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
[65] ""Piltdown Man: British archaeologys greatest hoax The
Guardian 5 February 2012. the Guardian. Retrieved 5
October 2014.
[66] Samuel Rosenberg. (1974). Naked is the Best Disguise:
The Death and Resurrection of Sherlock Holmes. BobbsMerrill. ISBN 0-14-004030-7
6 External links
[70] Sir Arthur Conan Doyle house development appeal upheld. BBC News. 12 November 2012. Retrieved 12
November 2012.
[71] Arthur Conan Doyle (18591930), author database), librarything.com; retrieved 17 March 2012.. Retrieved 5
October 2014.
Further reading
Martin Booth. (2000). The Doctor and the Detective: A Biography of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Minotaur Books. ISBN 0-312-24251-4
John Dickson Carr. (2003 edition, originally published in 1949). The Life of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
Carroll and Graf Publishers.
Arthur Conan Doyle, Joseph McCabe. (1920).
Debate on Spiritualism: Between Arthur Conan
Doyle and Joseph McCabe. The Appeals Pocket Series.
10
Arthur Conan Doyle at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Arthur Conan Doyle is available for free download
at the Internet Archive
C. Frederick Kittles Collection of Doyleana at the
Newberry Library
DOYLE, Sir Arthur Conan, Knt. Cr. 1902, The
county families of the United Kingdom or Royal
manual of the titled and untitled aristocracy of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland, (Volume ed.59,
yr.1919) (page 109 of 415) by Edward Walford
EXTERNAL LINKS
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