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solar cells
Refining Silicon
Schematic of CZ Si growth
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Wafer Slicing
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Wafer Slicing
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Edge Isolation
Rear Contact
In most production, the rear contact is simply made using a Al/Ag grid
printed in a single step.
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Passivated emitter
with rear locally
diffused.
efficiencies
approaching 25%
under the standard
AM1.5 spectrum.
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Source Material
Growing ingots
Wafer Slicing
The wires are covered with slurry and are wound around
the drums. When running the drums spin at high speed
and the silicon bricks are pushed down from the top.
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Texturing
Emitter Diffusion
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Edge Isolation
Anti-Reflection
Coating
Before coating
After coating
An antireflection of silicon
nitride is typically deposited
using chemical vapor
deposition process (CVD).
large amounts of hydrogen
(SixNy:H).
3SiH4 + 4NH3 -> Si3N4 + 12H2
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Screen-Print Front
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Screen-Print Rear Al
Metal Firing
Testing
Module Manufacture
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