Digital Operations Data Types and Functions

Digital Operations
F1
SIMATIC S7
Siemens AG 2006. All rights reserved.
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.1
SITRAIN Training for

Automation and Industrial Solutions
Digital Operations
F1
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.2

Objectives
Upon completion of the chapter the participant will
SIMATIC S7
...
be familiar with the INT, DINT, REAL data types and the
BCD display
...
be able to apply the selectable display formats in the

"Monitor / Modify Variable" test function
...
understand the "Load" and "Transfer" instructions
...
be able to apply and program the S5 counter and timer

functions
...
understand conversion operations for number formats
...
be able to apply and program the comparison

operations
...
understand basic mathematical functions
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.3

Acquiring, Processing and Outputting Data

Operating
+ monitoring
processes
0248
V
0 8 1 5
Thumbwheel
buttons,
Potentiometer,
7-segment
display
Operator Panel
Control
unit
such as MPI
Processing
the values
DI/
DO
AI/
AO
such as PROFIBUS
Field devices
Process
controller
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.4

Integer (INT, 16-Bit Integer) Data Type

Value range
-32,768 to +32,767
Arithmetic
operations: such as + I, * I, <I, ==I
(without sign: 0 to 65,535)
Display Formats:
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
DEC: + 662
6 5
4 3 2 1 0
BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
+2
Sign
positive
numbers
+2
6 5
4 3 2 1 0
BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
-2
Sign
negative
numbers
Representation as
Twos complement
SIMATIC S7
15
14
+2 13
+2 12
+2 11
+2 10
8
6
+2 +2 +2 5
3
1
+2 +2 +2
- 662
Date:
File:
6 x 16 = 6
1
9 x 16 = 144
2
2 x 16
= 512
662
+2 1
+2
+ 662
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
DEC: - 662
without
sign
+2
HEX: W#16#0 2 9 6
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.5
HEX: W#16#F D 6 A
without
sign
0
10 x 16 =10
1
6 x 16 = 96
2
13 x 16 = 3328
3
15 x 16 = 61440
64874

Double Integer (DINT, 32-Bit Integer) Data Type

Value range
Operations: such as + D, * D, <D, ==D
L# -2,147,483,648 to L#+2,147,483,647
(without sign: 0 to 4,294,967,295)
Display Formats:
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
DEC: L# +540809
6 5
4 3 2 1 0
BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Sign
positive
numbers
HEX: DW#16#
(without sign)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
DEC: L# -540809
6 5
4 3 2 1 0
BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
Sign
negative
numbers
Representation as
Twos complement
SIMATIC S7
HEX: DW#16#
(without sign)
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.6

REAL (Floating-point Number, 32 Bit) Data Type

-3.40282310+38 to -1.17549510-38 , 0.0,
Value range
+1.17549510-38 to +3.40282310+38
Operations: such as + R, * R, <R, ==R

sin, acos, ln, exp, SQR
General format of a Real number = (Sign) (1 + f) (2e-127)
Example: 0.75
Sign of
Real no.
31
30
f = Mantissa (23 Bit)
e = Exponent (8 Bit)
29
28
27 26
25
24
23
22
21
20 19
18
17
16 15
14
13
12
11 10
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 .....
2-23
Real no. = +1.5 * 2 126-127 = 0.75
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.7

The BCD Code for Inputting and Outputting Integers

Value range
16 Bit:
32 Bit:
- 999 to + 999
-9999999 to + 9999999
Conversion
operations:
Sign (+)
HEX:
32 Bit:
BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
16 Bit:
Sign (+)
BTI, BTD, ITB, DTB

(no arithmetic!)
W#16#
0
DEC: + 662
BIN.: 2# 0 x x x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
HEX:
DW#16#
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.8
DEC: + 662
Conversion Operations BCD Integer

Number
Entered in BCD
Conversion
BCD->Integer
0 81 5
Task
Number
displayed
in BCD
Conversion
BCD<-Integer
0 2 4 8
LAD
FBD
BCD_I
IW4
EN
ENO
IN
OUT
IN
SIMATIC S7
OUT
STL
MW20
L
IW4
BTI
T
MW20
QW12
L
MW10
ITB
T
QW12
BCD_I
MW20
IW4
I_BCD
EN
ENO
MW10
User program
with Integer
math operations
EN
OUT
IN
ENO
I_BCD
QW12
MW10
Date:
File:
EN
OUT
IN
ENO
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.9

Number Formats
Accessed in between
SIMATIC S7
Invalid value !!!
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.10

Loading and Transferring Data
Accumulator 1
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.11

Data Storage in Accumulator 1

Contents of Accumulator 1
Program
31
L MB 0
23
L MW 0
23
15
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31
L MD 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31
Load
15
23
MB0
MB0
7
MB0
15
MB1
MB1
7
MB2
MB3
T QD 4
QD 4
Transfer
T QW 4
QW 4
T QB 4
QB 4
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.12

Comparison Operations
LAD
M 3.4
CMP >=I
FBD
CMP >=I
Q 9.7
IW0
IW 0
IN1
IW 2
IN2
SIMATIC S7
STL
IN1
M 3.4
IW2
Date:
File:
IN2
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.13
&
Q9.7
=
A
A(
L
L
>=I
)
=
M 3.4
IW 0
IW 2
Q 9.7

Basic Mathematical Functions

LAD
Addition
MW4
MW10
MW4
MW6
MW10
SUB_I
EN ENO
Subtraction
MW8
MW12
Multiplication
ADD_I
EN ENO
IN1
IN2 OUT
FBD
MD6
MD12
Division
MD40
MD4
SIMATIC S7
IN1
IN2
MW8
OUT
MUL_DI
EN ENO
IN1
IN2
DIV_R
EN ENO
IN1
IN2 OUT
MW6
MW12
ADD_I
EN OUT
IN1
IN2 ENO
SUB_I
EN OUT
IN1
IN2 ENO
MUL_DI
EN OUT
MD6
MD66
MD12
MD40
MD32
Date:
File:
MD4
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.14
IN1
IN2
STL
MW6
MW6
MD66
ENO
DIV_R
EN OUT
IN1
IN2 ENO
MD32
L
L
+I
T
MW4
MW10
L
L
-I
T
MW8
MW12
L
L
*D
T
MD6
MD12
L
L
/R
T
MD40
MD4
MW6
MW6
MD66
MD32

S5 Counter Functions
LAD
FBD
C5
C5
S_CUD
I 0.4
S_CUD
Q 8.3
CU
Q
Q
CD
CV
STL
I 0.4
CU
MW 4
I 0.5
CD
QW 12
I 0.3
C#5
PV
I 0.5
I 0.3
S
C#5
PV
CV_BCD
CV
CV_BCD
MW 4
QW 12
Q 8.3
I 0.7
R
SIMATIC S7
I 0.7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.15
Q
Q
A
CU
A
CD
A
L
S
A
R
L
T
LC
T
A
=
I 0.4
C5
I 0.5
C5
I 0.3
C#5
C5
I 0.7
C5
C5
MW4
C5
QW12
C5
Q8.3

Counters: Function Diagram

CU
CD
5
4
Count
2
1
0
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.16

Exercise 1: Counting the Transported Parts (FC 18, C 18)
DI
DO
Act Quantity
I 0.0
I 0.1
T_System_ON
I 0.2
I 0.3
T_Jog_RIGHT
I 0.4
S_M/A_ModeSelect
I 0.5
T_M/A_Accept
T_System_OFF
L_SYSTEM
Q 4.1
L_MAN
Q 4.2
L_AUTO
Q 4.3
T_Jog_LEFT
"QW_DigDisp" (QW 6)
-15V...+15V
AI2
AO1
-15V...+15V
AO2
AI1
AI1
AI2
0 8 1 5
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.17
AI1
AI2
AO1
AO2

S5 Timer Functions
T44
S_PULSE
S
BI
I 0.7
S5T#35s
TV
BCD
I 0.5
MW0
I 0.7
QW12
M8.5
S5T#35s
I 0.5
Pulse Timer (SP)
S5T#35s
I 0.5
I 0.5
TV
BCD
QW12
M8.5
T44
S_ODT
S
BI
TV
BCD
MW0
QW12
M8.5
=
OFF Delay (SF)
T44
S_ODTS
S
BI
SIMATIC S7
BCD
Extended Pulse (SE)
Stored ON Delay (SS)
S5T#35s
MW0
TV
ON Delay (SD)
I 0.7
I 0.7
T44
S_PEXT
S
BI
MW0
I 0.7
QW12
M8.5
S5T#35s
I 0.5
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.18
T44
S_OFFDT
S
BI
MW0
TV
BCD
QW12
M8.5

Timers: ON Delay (SD)

LAD
FBD
T4
S_ODT
I 0.7
S
S5T#35s
I 0.5
STL
T4
S_EVERZ
Q8.5
Q
I 0.7
S5T#35s
TV
BI
MW0
BCD
QW12
I 0.5
Data type
S5TIME
0.01s <-0.1s <-1s <-10s <--
BI
TV
BCD
RLO at S
RLO at R
Time
operation
MW0
QW12
Q8.5
=
A
L
SD
A
R
L
T
LC
T
A
=
I 0.7
S5T#35s
T4
I 0.5
T4
T4
MW0
T4
QW12
T4
Q8.5
Example
Q
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
0
0
1
1
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.19
0
1
0
1
Units of time: 0 to 999 (BCD-coded)

Exercise 2: Monitoring the Transport Functions (FC 17)

DI
DO
I 0.0
I 0.1
T_System_ON
I 0.2
I 0.3
T_Jog_RIGHT
L_MAN
Q 4.2
T_Jog_LEFT
L_AUTO
Q 4.3
I 0.4
S_M/A_ModeSelect
I 0.5
T_M/A_Accept
T_System_OFF
T_Ackn
_Fault
SIMATIC S7
L_SYSTEM
Q 4.1
L_Conv
_Fault
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.20

Exercise 3: Counting the Transported Parts (FC 19)
DI
SETPOINT Quantity
DO
I 0.0
I 0.1
T_System_ON
I 0.2
I 0.3
T_Jog_RIGHT
L_MAN
Q 4.2
T_Jog_LEFT
L_AUTO
Q 4.3
I 0.4
S_M/A_ModeSelect
I 0.5
T_M/A_Accept
T_System_OFF
T_Ackn_Fault
L_SYSTEM
Q 4.1
ACTUAL Quantity
0 8 1 5
"IW_Thumbw" (IW 2)
"QW_DigDisp" (QW 6)
L_Conv_Fault
ACT=SET
"L_Bay-LB" (Q 8.4)
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.21
Acknowledgement
"T_Bay-LB" (I 8.4)

Exercise 3: Counting the Transported Parts (FC 19), Solution Hints

NW 1:
Set "Counter" to 0
MOVE
EN
OUT
Condition
for resetting
0
NW 2:
ENO
Counting via memory word, ACT quantity
ADD_I
Rising edge of
counting event
NW 3:
IN
MW 20
EN
MW 20
IN1
OUT
IN2
ENO
MW 20
Display ACT quantity on the BCD digital display
Convert ACT quantity (MW 20) from Integer to BCD -> Result on BCD digital display (QW 6)
NW 4:
Read in SETP quantity and convert from BCD to Integer
Convert value from thumbwheel button (IW 2) from BCD to Integer -> Store SETP quantity (Integer) in MW 22
NW 5:
ACT-SETP comparison, Conveyor indicator light Q 8.4
Compare ACT (MW 20) to SETP (MW 22) -> Place comparison result on indicator light
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.22

If You Want to Know More
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.23

Additional Exercise 4: Counting the Conveyor Belt Faults (FC17)
Conv
Fault
M 17.0
Conv
2
Fault
Counter C 17 1
0
M/A AUTO
Q 4.3
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.24

Additional Ex 5: Timely Lock-out of the Conveyor Motor Jogging

Lock-out
time LEFT
Jog RIGHT
I 0.2
Conv motor
RIGHT
(Q8.5)
Lock-out
RIGHT
T 15 (SF)
Jog LEFT
I 0.3
Conv motor
LEFT
(Q8.6)
lock-out
time RIGHT
Lock-out
LEFT
T 16 (SF)
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.25

Counters: Bit Instructions

LAD
FBD
Network 1:
I 0.0
STL
C5
I 0.0
C5
SC
C#20
SC
A
L
S
CV
C#20
I 0.0
C#20
C5
Network 2:
I 0.1
C5
C5
I 0.1
CU
CU
A I 0.1
CU C5
C5
A I 0.2
CD C5
Network 3:
I 0.2
C5
CD
I 0.2
CD
Network 4:
C5
Q 4.0
Q 4.0
C5
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.26
A
=
C5
Q 4.0

Timers: Stored ON Delay (SS)
I 0.7
S5T#35s
I 0.5
LAD
FBD
T4
S_ODTS
Q
S
T4
TV
R
BI
BCD
S_ODTS
Q8.5
MW0
STL
I 0.7
S5T#35s
QW12
I 0.5
BI
TV
BCD
MW0
QW12
Q8.5
=
A
L
SS
A
R
L
T
LC
T
A
=
I 0.7
S5T#35s
T4
I 0.5
T4
T4
MW0
T4
QW12
T4
Q8.5
RLO at S
RLO at R
Timer
operation
Example
Q
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.27

Timers: Pulse (SP)

LAD
FBD
T4
S_PULSE
Q
S
I 0.7
S5T#35s
I 0.5
TV
R
BI
BCD
STL
T4
S_PULSE
Q8.5
MW0
I 0.7
S5T#35s
QW12
I 0.5
BI
TV
BCD
MW0
QW12
Q8.5
=
A
L
SP
A
R
L
T
LC
T
A
=
I 0.7
S5T#35s
T4
I 0.5
T4
T4
MW0
T4
QW12
T4
Q8.5
RLO at S
RLO at R
Timer
operation
Example
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.28

Timers: Extended Pulse (SE)

LAD
FBD
T4
S_PEXT
Q
S
I 0.7
S5T#35s
I 0.5
TV
R
BI
BCD
STL
T4
Q8.5
MW0
S_PEXT
I 0.7
S5T#35s
QW12
I 0.5
BI
TV
BCD
MW0
QW12
Q8.5
=
A
I 0.7
L
S5T#35s
SE T4
A
I 0.5
R
T4
L
T4
T
MW0
LC T4
T
QW12
A
T4
=
Q8.5
RLO at S
RLO at R
Timer
operation
Example
Q
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.29

Timers: OFF Delay (SF)

LAD
FBD
T4
S_OFFDT
Q
S
I 0.7
S5T#35s
I 0.5
TV
R
BI
BCD
STL
T4
S_OFFDT
Q8.5
MW0
I 0.7
S5T#35s
QW12
S
TV
I 0.5
B
I
BCD
Q
MW0
QW12
Q8.5
=
A
L
SF
A
R
L
T
LC
T
A
=
I 0.7
S5T#35s
T4
I 0.5
T4
T4
MW0
T4
QW12
T4
Q8.5
RLO at S
RLO at R
Timer
operation
Example
Q
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.30

Time Formats for Traditional S5-Timers in STEP 7

S5T#35s200ms
Time specifications as constants
(Time base: 01 (100ms), Number of units of time: 352)
01
Time specifications per variable
5
1
Time base
Accu 1 contents after L T... exec.
2
0
Units of time (BCD-coded)
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21 20
Residual units of time (Integer)

3
01
Accu 1 cont. after LC T... exec.
Time base
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.31
5
1
2
0
Residual units of time (BCD-coded)

Timers: Bit Instructions

LAD
FBD
STL
Network 1:
I 0.0
T4
T4
&
I 0.0
SD
SD
S5T#5s
S5T#5s
TV
A I 0.0
L S5T#5s
SD T4
Network 2:
T4
Q 8.0
Q 8.0
T4
&
A
=
T4
Q 8.0
A
R
I 0.1
T4
Network 3:
I 0.1
T4
T4
I 0.1
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.32
&

Conversion Operations I DI REAL

Data in integer format
(16-bit integer)
Conversion from
integer to
double integer
Task
F
B
D
Conversion from
double integer
to real number
STL
I_DI
MW12
EN
OUT
IN
ENO
LAD
MD14
DI_R
MD14
I_DI
EN
ENO
MW12
SIMATIC S7
IN
OUT
Math
program
with
real numbers
EN
OUT
IN
ENO
MD26
L
MW12
ITD
DTR
T
MD26
DI_R
EN
ENO
MD14
MD14
Date:
File:
IN
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.33
OUT
MD26

Digital Logic Operations

WXOR_W
WOR_W
WAND_W
EN
IW0
W#16#5F2A
IW 0
W#16#5F2A
AW / OW / XOW
ENO
MW10
IN1
IN2
OUT
15
MW10
IW0 =
W#16#5F2A =
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
AND
SIMATIC S7
OR
XOR
MW10 after AW ex.
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
MW10 after OW ex.
0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0
MW10 after XOW ex
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.34

Application Example: Digital Edge Detection
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/4/2012
PRO1_08E.35


Digital Operations Data Types and Functions

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Digital Operations Data Types and Functions

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Digital Operations

SITRAIN Training for

SITRAIN Training for

be able to apply the selectable display formats in the

understand the "Load" and "Transfer" instructions

be able to apply and program the S5 counter and timer

understand conversion operations for number formats

be able to apply and program the comparison

understand basic mathematical functions

SITRAIN Training for

Acquiring, Processing and Outputting Data

SITRAIN Training for

Integer (INT, 16-Bit Integer) Data Type

(without sign: 0 to 65,535)

SITRAIN Training for

Double Integer (DINT, 32-Bit Integer) Data Type

Operations: such as + D, * D, <D, ==D

SITRAIN Training for

REAL (Floating-point Number, 32 Bit) Data Type

Operations: such as + R, * R, <R, ==R

f = Mantissa (23 Bit)

Real no. = +1.5 * 2 126-127 = 0.75

SITRAIN Training for

The BCD Code for Inputting and Outputting Integers

BTI, BTD, ITB, DTB

Conversion Operations BCD Integer

SITRAIN Training for

Invalid value !!!

SITRAIN Training for

Loading and Transferring Data

SITRAIN Training for

Data Storage in Accumulator 1

SITRAIN Training for

SITRAIN Training for

Basic Mathematical Functions

SITRAIN Training for

SITRAIN Training for

Counters: Function Diagram

SITRAIN Training for

Exercise 1: Counting the Transported Parts (FC 18, C 18)

SITRAIN Training for

Pulse Timer (SP)

Siemens AG 2006. All rights reserved.

Extended Pulse (SE)

Stored ON Delay (SS)

SITRAIN Training for

Timers: ON Delay (SD)

0.01s <-0.1s <-1s <-10s <--

Units of time: 0 to 999 (BCD-coded)

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Exercise 2: Monitoring the Transport Functions (FC 17)

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Exercise 3: Counting the Transported Parts (FC 19)

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Exercise 3: Counting the Transported Parts (FC 19), Solution Hints

Counting via memory word, ACT quantity

Display ACT quantity on the BCD digital display

Read in SETP quantity and convert from BCD to Integer

ACT-SETP comparison, Conveyor indicator light Q 8.4

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If You Want to Know More

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