(1,2)

109

2013/11/15


1.
2.
3.
4.

1.

Twinkle, twinkle, little star,

How I wonder what you are!

Nut

(~100AD)

Kepler e Brahe,
Jean Leon Huens

(Tycho Brahe
1546-1601)

( J. Kepler, 1571-1630)

Kepler e Brahe,
Jean Leon Huens

(Tycho Brahe
1546-1601)

1400


Reinhard Genzel2008

15, 16, 17


A.
Robert Hooke
B.
Sir Isaac Newton;
C.
Ren Descartes,

A.

Robert Hooke

1054


(M1)


46

(King Tut)

E=

2
mc

M31

(1724-1804)


http://images.google.com.
hk/imgres?imgurl=http://w
ww.spacetelescope.org/im
ages/screen/heic0406a.jpg
&imgrefurl=http://www.s
pacetelescope.org/images/
html/zoomable/heic0406a.
html&h=1280&w=1280&
sz=316&hl=en&start=26
&tbnid=_Tl48LJ4zbn5C
M:&tbnh=150&tbnw=150
&prev=/images%3Fq%3D
deep%2Bspace%26start%

Dopplers effect

Dopplers effect


137

 Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess

Brian P. Schmidt

2006
2011


:
4%;

22% ,

73% .

2.
Diversity in Splendor

Thales(625BC-545BC)


( Alfred J. Wegener, 1880-1930)

(Continental drift)
1.5
8

(Continental drift)
5

(Bryce Canyon, USA)

DNA
(RNA)


C,
G,
A,
T

DNA


2010
Craig Venter
Synthia,

50

Cyanobacteria
(Stromatolites)

20


()

Prof. Lynn
Margulis

(Endosymbiosis)

()

The Cambrian explosion

5.5

Andrew Parker, 1996

The Cambrian explosion

Andrew Parker, 1996


40
5


65
5

112

Microraptor : 1.24

***** *****

(
)

http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/sky_blue.html

1.
2.
3.
3.5. ()

(1760s):

freedom from toil;

freedom from geography

3
0011100

freedom from drudgery.

 (1791-1867)

1940s:

John von Neumann

~1950

20119 MPP3
(Sunway Bluelight MPP3)
http://laotsao.wordpress.com/2011/10/
29/sunway-bluelight-mpp%E7%A5%9E%E5%A8%81%E8%93
%9D%E5%85%89/

8700
140.8x1012
1015

chip

Supercomputer on a chip, Feb. 2005

IBM/Sony/Toshiba
Cell Computer
0.09micron line width
900
400
(40 gigahertz)

:

(2008)

chip


SynthiaDNA

46

http://www.ted.com/talks/lang
/eng/craig_venter_unveils_sy
nthetic_life.html
Wikipedia, Artificial gene
synthesis, 22 October 2010
at 22:21.

Sgr A

Reinhard Genzel
2008

(3,4)
142

2013/11/15


1.
2.
3.
4.

3.
We Stand Proud and Tall

800


500

()

()

(Homo Erectus)
2


200,000

:
:

144,000
60,000

(Homo sapiens sapiens)

60,000
27,000 :

77,000

:
:

50,000
50,000

(Michelangelo, 1475-1564)


( Genographic Project 2005-2010)
5-6

27,000

1-4%

25,000

~18,000

~7,000

(Rolex ?
Gucci?)

(The Rosetta Stone)(196)

Hierglyphics
(3200)

Demotic

The Rosetta Stone

Hierglyphics

Greek

Demotic

-1600 -1400 -1200 -1100

-850

~2000-~1600

 (~2070-~1600)

 (~1600- ~1046)


1.
2.
3.
4.

4.
And East and West Do Meet

(1046-256)
770-476
475-221

(585-323)

(770-221)


356323

475-221

(221-206)


(:202-8; : 25-220)


1st and 2nd century AD
4th and 5th century AD


Scythian

Octavian
63BC-14AD
Augustus :
27BC-14AD

92AD

~440AD:

300-500AD:

 (420-589)

(618-907)

Avars
552
553
554

555
Avar

Martel

Charlemagne
(742-814)
( !)


322AD
~600 AD
;

~1400 AD

(~ 300 - ~1400 )

( Battle of Talas, 751)

Abbasid Moslems

()

()

(1041-1048)

4001456
Gutenberg

 960-1126
1127-1279

700

(biscuit)


100(~1400)


1127


(618-936)

(Seljuk Turks)

1,2

 (1279-1368)

200

//

~1348

 (1368-1644)


(Ottoman Turks)

(1453),
(1683)

1492
Nia, Pinta and Santa Maria

(1405)
88


27,000

Santa Maria


Vasco da Gama/Macau

 (1644-1911)

1500

(1800)


1300
(The Renaissance ,1300-~1600)
(~1400)
(1517-1648)
(1492)
(The Enlightenment ,18)

( ~1760)

1842

193777

(1945-1949)

 157 (1997)
442(1999)

70

2009
1938

The O Camp

SmileS
|5280 |

To see the World in a Grain of Sand,

And a Heaven in a Wild Flower,
Hold Infinity in the Palm of your Hand,
And Eternity in an Hour.
---------------William Blake(1757-1827)

**********

()

<10 |

?
?

| > 4

10


220

74

16312,127

6M168


7.4
(Mount Toba)


10TNT
6

(population bottleneck)

50,000



(Stanley H. Ambrose)

27


Genographic Project (2005-2010)

5(2005-2010 )

Spencer Wells, Director

120

50

2540

PTOLEMAIO
(PTOLEMY)

Scythian Art

 (~150)

(Parthia)

Kanishka

1066

(biscuit)

1101-1125


http://images.google.com.hk/imgres?imgurl=http:/
/www.ancientart.com/images/ac146.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.
ancientart.com/arabic.htm&h=230&w=448&sz=19&hl=e
n&start=25&tbnid=cPAxFMuJez7yUM:&tbnh=6
5&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgolden%2
Bhorde%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnu
m%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

(1453)

1
1944

 Shaw prize in astronomy

Nobel Prize in Physics

2006 Saul Permutter, Brian Schmidt, Adam

Riess
Charles Kao