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COURSE OUTLINE

ELECTION LAWS (LLB 247N)


Ferdinand G.S. Gujilde
Law Professor I
College of Law
School of Law & Governance
University of San Carlos
Election Officer IV
Commission on Elections
Part I
ELECTIVE OFFICIALS
Election, defined.
Election, defined under jurisprudence.
Taule v Santos, 200 SCRA 512, 519 (1991)
Election, defined within the context of the
Constitution.
Javier v Comelec, G.R. No. L-68379-81, Sept. 22, 1986
Election, purpose.
Lino Luna v Rodriguez, 39 Phil. 208, 1918
Election laws, purpose.
Rulloda v Comelec, G.R. No. 154198, January 20, 2003
Election laws, how construed.
Carlos v Angeles, 346 SCRA 571, 582 (2000)
Frivaldo v Comelec, 257 SCRA 727 (1996)
Election, classified.
Regular election.
SK election is not a regular election.
Paras v Comelec, 264 SCRA 49 (1996)
Special election to fill out vacancy.
Special election after failure of election.
Lucero v Comelec, 234 SCRA 280 (1994)
Systems of election.
Manual system of election.
B.P. 881 or the Omnibus Election Code
Automated system of election.
R.A. 8436 as amended by
R.A. 9369
Manual count during automated election.
R.A. 8436
Section 9
R.A. 9369
Section 11
Loong v Comelec, 305 SCRA 832 (1999)
Constitutional basis for election.
1987 Constitution
Article II, Section 1
Elective officials, enumerated.
1987 Constitution

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Article VII, Sections 1 & 3
Article VI, Section 2 & 5(1) & (2)
Article X, Sections 1, 15, 18 & 19
R.A. 6734 or the Organic Act for ARMM
as amended by R.A. 9054
R.A. 6766 or the Organic Act for CAR
Ordillo v Comelec, 192 SCRA 100 (1992)
Local Government Code of 1991
Section 39
Comelec Resolution, number of councilors
President, how elected, term of office and term limit.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 4(1)
Presidential term limit.
Comelec Resolution, Jan. 20, 2010, 2nd Division
Pormento v Estrada, G.R. No. 191988, August 31, 2010
Difference of effects of succession on term limit
between the Vice President and Vice-Mayor
Borja v Comelec, G.R. No. 133495, Sept. 3, 1998
President, qualifications.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 2
Article IV, Section 1(3) & 2
Natural-born Filipino, defined.
Fornier v Comelec, G.R. No. 161824, March 3, 2004
Residence, defined.
Marcos v Comelec, G.R. No. 119976, Sept. 18, 1995
Domino v Comelec, 310 SCRA 546 (1999)
Residence requirement, rationale.
Torayno v Comelec, 337 SCRA 574
Property qualification.
Maquera v Borra, G.R. No. L-24761, Aurea v Comelec,
G.R. No. L-24828, September 7, 1965
Vice-President, how elected, term of office and term limit.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 4
President and Vice-President, basis for proclamation.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 4(5)
Article IX, Section 6
Winner, defined.
Rulloda v Comelec, G.R. No. 154198, January 20, 2003
Presidential and vice-presidential tie, how broken.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 4(5)
Presidential succession, in case of vacancy at the start of
term.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 7

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Presidential succession, in case of vacancy on mid-term.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 8
Permanent disability of the President.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 11
Estrada v Desierto, G.R. No. 146710-15, March 2, 2001
Resignation of the President.
Estrada v Desierto, G.R. No. 146710-15, March 2, 2001
Vacancy in the office of the Vice-President, how filled.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 9
Estrada v Desierto, G.R. No. 146710-15, March 2, 2001
Vacancy in both the presidency and vice-presidency,
how filled.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 10
Article VI, Section 25(4)
Omnibus Election Code
Article II, Section 14
Senators, number, how elected, term of office & term limit.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 2
Article XVIII, Section 2(1) & 2
Tolentino v Comelec, G.R. No. 148334, January 21, 2004
Article VI, Section 4
Senator, qualifications.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 3
Pimentel v Comelec, G.R. No. 161658, November 3, 2008
Members of the House of Representatives, number, how
elected, term of office and term limit.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 5(1), (2) & (4), Section 7
Omnibus Election Code
Article III, Section 24
Number of party-list.
Veterans Federation Party v Comelec, 342 SCRA 244
BANAT v Comelec, G.R. No. 179271, July 8, 2009, Bayan
Muna v Comelec, G.R. No. 179295, April 21, 2009

Three-term limit.
Term limit, purpose of.
Borja v Comelec, G.R. No. 133495, Sept. 3, 1998
Latasa v Comelec, G.R. No. 154829, Dec. 10, 2003
Succession, effect on term continuity.
Borja v Comelec, G.R. No. 133495, Sept. 3, 1998
Montebon v Comelec, G.R. No. 180444, April 9, 2008
Preventive suspension, effect on term continuity.

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Aldovino v Comelec, 184836, December 23, 2009
Disqualification prior to term end, effect of.
Lonzanida v Comelec, G.R. No. 135150, July 28, 1999
Disqualification after term end, effect of.
Ong v Alegre, G.R. No. 163295, January 23, 2006
Rivera v Comelec, G.R. No. 167591, May 9, 2007
Recall, effect on three-term disqualification.
Adormeo v Comelec, 426 Phil. 472 (2002)
Socrates v Comelec, 440 Phil. 106 (2002)
Conversion of municipality to city, effect of.
Latasa v Comelec, G.R. No. 154829, Dec. 10, 2003
Election protest, effects of.
Abundo v Comelec, GR No. 201716, January 8, 2013
Members of the House of Representatives, qualifications.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 1
Party-List Representatives or Nominees, qualifications.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 5(2)
Article IX(C), Section 8
R.A. 7941, Sections 2 & 9
Bagong Bayani-OFW v Comelec, GR No. 147589
June 26, 2001
BANAT v Comelec, G.R. No. 179271, July 8, 2009,
Bayan Muna v Comelec, G.R. No. 179295,
April 21, 2009
Atong Paglaum v COMELEC, G.R. No. 203766,
April 2, 2013
Sectors to be represented by party-list, enumerated.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 5(2)
R.A. 7941
Section 5
Sectors to be represented by party-list, classified.
Atong Paglaum v COMELEC, G.R. No. 203766, Apr. 2, 2013
Nature of constitutional & statutory enumeration of
sectors.
Ang Ladlad v Comelec, G.R. No. 190582, April 8, 2010
Nature of list of nominees.
BA-RA 7941 v Comelec, G.R. No. 177271, May 4, 2007
Vacancy in the Senate or House of Representatives,
how filled.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 9
Omnibus Election Code
Article III, Section 22
R.A. 6645
Sections 1 & 2
R.A. 7166

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Section 4
Tolentino v Comelec, G.R. No. 148334, January 21, 2004
Elective local officials, term of office & term limit.
1987 Constitution
Article X, Section 8
Local Government Code of 1991
Section 43
David v Comelec, G.R. No. 127116, April 8, 1997
Elective local officials, qualifications.
Local Government Code of 1991
Section 39
R.A. 9164
Section 7
Frivaldo v Comelec, 257 SCRA 727 (1996)
Labo v Comelec, 176 SCRA 1 (1989)
Elective local officials, disqualifications.
Local Government Code of 1991
Section 40
Dual citizenship.
1987 Constitution
Article IV, Section 5
Local Government Code of 1991
Section 40(d)
R.A. 9225
Valles v Comelec, G.R. No. 137000, August 9, 2000
Mercado v Manzano, 307 SCRA 630 (1999)
Labo v Comelec, 176 SCRA 1 (1989)
Roseller de Guzman v Comelec, G.R. No. 180048,
June 19, 2009
Teodora Sobejana-Condon v Comelec, G.R. No. 198742,
August 10, 2012
Macquiling v Comelec, G.R. No. 195649, April 16, 2013,
Motion for Reconsideration, July 2, 2013
Fugitives from justice.
Marquez v Comelec, 243 SCRA 538
Permanent residents in foreign country.
Caasi v CA, 191 SCRA 229
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 12 & 68
Vacancy in elective local offices, grounds.
Vacancy in elective local offices, how filled.
Local Government Code of 1991
Section 45(c)
Date of election.
1987 Constitution
Article XVIII, Sections 1, 5
Local Government Code
Section 42
R.A. 7166
Sections 1 & 2

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R.A. 9164
Section 1
Adjustment of period of pre-election requirements.
R.A. 6646
Section 29
R.A. 8436
Section 28
Akbayan v Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001
Nature of Barangay elections.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 38
Occena v Comelec, 127 SCRA 404 (1984)
Postponement of election, grounds.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 5
R.A. 7166
Section 4
R.A. 6679
Section 2
Montesclaros v Comelec, G.R. No. 152295, July 9, 2002
Postponement of election, jurisdiction.
Benito v Comelec, G.R. No. 134913, January 19, 2001
Sumbing v Davide, G.R. No. 86850-51 July 20, 1989
Basher v Comelec, 330 SCRA 736
Failure of election, grounds.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 6
R.A. 7166
Section 4
Mitmug v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos.
106270-73, 10 February 1994, 230 SCRA 54
Canicosa v Comelec, 282 SCRA 512
Batabor v Comelec, G.R. No. 160428, July 21, 2004
Sardea v Comelec, 225 SCRA 374
Declaration of failure of election, jurisdiction.
Benito v Comelec, G.R. No. 134913, January 19, 2001
Loong v Comelec, G.R. No. 133676, April 14, 1999
Carlos v Angeles, 346 SCRA 571 (2000)
Postponement or failure of election in Barangay elections,
grounds.
Omnibus Election Code
Article VI, Section 45
Special election.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 9
Omnibus Election Code
Section 7
R.A. 7166
Section 4
Fixing date of special election.

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Pangandaman v Comelec, 319 SCRA 283
Notice of special election.
Hassan v Comelec, 264 SCRA 125
Tolentino v Comelec, G.R. No. 148334, January 21, 2004
Special election after failure of election.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 6
R.A. 7166
Section 4
Special election after failure of election,
requisites.
Lucero v Comelec, 234 SCRA 280 (1994)
Calling of special election, jurisdiction.
Benito v Comelec, G.R. No. 134913, January 19, 2001

Part II
SUFFRAGE
Suffrage, defined.
Nolasco v Comelec, 275 SCRA 763 (1997)
People v San Juan, 22 SCRA 505
Constitutional basis of suffrage.
1987 Constitution
Article V, Sections 1 & 2
Nature of suffrage.
1973 Constitution
Article V, Section 4
Omnibus Election Code
Article I, Section 4
Section 261(y)(1)
Section 264
1987 Constitution
Article V, Section 1
Suffrage for overseas absentee voters.
R.A. 9189
Section 5(d)
Macalintal v Comelec, G.R. No. 157013, July 3, 2003
Suffrage for local absentee voters.
EO 157, March 30, 1987
Omnibus Election Code
Section 169
R.A. 7166
Section 12
R.A. 10380, Local Absentee Voting for Media
Suffrage for disabled and illiterate voters.
1987 Constitution
Article V, Section 2(1) & (2)
RA 10366
Section 11
RA 8189
Section 14
Voters registration, defined.
RA 8189
Section 3(a) (g)
Sections 15 & 20
Yra v Abano, 52 Phil. 380
System of continuing registration.
RA 8189
Section 8
Period of registration.

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Akbayan-Youth v Comelec, 355 SCRA 318, March 26, 2001
Kabataan Party List Rep. Palatino v Comelec,
GR No. 189868, December 15, 2009
Registration, jurisdiction.
R.A. 8189
Section 15
Voters
registration,
qualifications,
procedure.
1987 Constitution
Article V, Section 1
Omnibus Election Code
Section 118
R.A. 8189
Sections 9, 10, 11, 12 13 & 14
Residence.
Romualdez v RTC, 226 SCRA 406

disqualifications,

Deactivation, reactivation and cancellation of registration.


R.A. 8189
Sections 27, 28, 29
R.A. 10367
Section 7
R.A. 8189
Sections 32, 33, 34
Sections 18 & 20
Inclusion and exclusion proceedings.
R.A. 8189
Sections 24, 32, 33, 34 & 35
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(3)
Pungutan v Abubakar, 43 SCRA 1, 12 (1972)
Domino v Comelec, GR No. 134015, July 19, 1999
Nature of voters registration records.
R.A. 8189
Section 41
RA 10367
Section 9
Comelec Minute Res. No. 13-1132, October 17, 2013
Annulment of list of voters.
R.A. 8189
Sections 33 & 39
Ututalum v Comelec, 181 SCRA 335
Sarangani v Comelec, 334 SCRA 379

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Part III
THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS
Comelec, composition, qualifications &

term of office.

1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Sections 1(1) & (2)
Cayetano v Monsod, 201 SCRA 210, 214 (1991)
Brillantes v Yorac, 192 SCRA 358, (1990)
Comelec, disabilities, inhibitions & disqualifications.
1987 Constitution
Article IX(A), Section 2
Comelec, independence of.
1987 Constitution
Article IX(A), Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6
Article IX(C), Sections 1 & 2
Comelec, powers & functions.
Omnibus Election Code
Article VII, Section 52
Filipinas Engg. Machine Shop v Ferrer,
135 SCRA 25 (1985)
History of functions.
Loong v Comelec, G.R. No. 133676, April 14, 1999
General functions.
Baytan v Comelec, G.R. No. 153945, February 4, 2003
Taule v Santos, G.R. No. 90336, August 12, 1991
ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS:

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(1) Power to enforce and administer elections laws.
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(1)
Sandoval v Comelec, G.R. No. 133842, January 26, 2000
Loong v Comelec, 305 SCRA 832 (1999)
Omnibus Election Code
Article VII, Section 52(a)
Comelec control, grounds, implications, duration.
Comelec Resolution No. 9583, Dec. 18 2012
(2) Power to conduct plebiscite, initiative, referendum and
recall.
Plebiscite, defined.
1987 Constitution
Article XVII, Section 4
R.A. 6735
Section 3(e)
Initiative, defined.
1987 Constitution
Article XVII, Sections 1 & 2
R.A. 6735
Sections 3(a), (f), 4 & 5
Santiago v Comelec, G.R. No. 127325
March 19, 1997
Lambino v Comelec, G.R. No. 174153
October 25, 2006
Recall, defined.
Garcia v Comelec, 227 SCRA 100 (1993)
Local Government Code of 1991
Sections 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 & 74
R.A. 9244
Section 3
Comelec Resolution No. 7505, June 6, 2005
Paras v Comelec, 264 SCRA 49 (1996)
Angobung v Comelec, 269 SCRA 245 (1997)
Referendum, defined.
R.A. 6735
Section 3(c)
Revision, defined.
1987 Constitution
Article XVII, Section 1
Lambino v Comelec, G.R. No. 174153
October 25, 2006
Amendment, defined.
1987 Constitution
Article XVII, Section 1
Lambino v Comelec, G.R. No. 174153
October 25, 2006
(3)

Power to decide all questions affecting elections.


1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(3)
Domino v Comelec, GR No. 134015, July 19, 1999
Sarmiento v Comelec, 212 SCRA 307
Pangarungan v Comelec, 216 SCRA 522
Powers not given.
Pungutan v Abubakar, 43 SCRA 1, 12 (1972)

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Montejo v Comelec, 242 SCRA 415 (1995)
(4)

Power to deputize other government agencies.

1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(4)
People v Basilla, 179 SCRA 87 (1987)
Omnibus Election Code
Article VII, Section 52(b)
(5)

Recommendatory power.

1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(7) & (8)
People v Basilla, 179 SCRA 87 (1987)
Tan v Comelec, 237 SCRA 353
(6) Power to register political parties and party-list.
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(5)
Santos v Comelec, 103 SCRA 628 (1981)
Veterans Federation Party v Comelec, 342 SCRA 244
Bagong Bayani-OFW v Comelec, G.R. No. 147589
June 26, 2001
Banat v Comelec, G.R. No. 179271, July 8, 2009
Bayan Muna v Comelec, G.R. No. 179295
April 21, 2009)
Atong Paglaum v COMELEC, G.R. No. 203766, April 2, 2013

In the Matter of the Petition for Registration of Ang


Ladlad LGBT Party for Party-List System SPP Case
No.09-228 (PL), Nov. 11, 2009
Ang Ladlad v Comelec, GR No. 190582, April 8, 2010
Atienza v Comelec, GR No. 188920, February 16, 2010
Political party, defined.
R.A. 7941
Groups which cannot be registered as political
parties.
1987 Constitution
Article IX-C, Section 2(5)
Grounds for cancellation of registration.
1987 Constitution
Article IX-C, Section 2(5)
R.A. 7941
(7)

Power
to
supervise
or
regulate
franchises,
transportation, etc.
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 4
NPC v Comelec, G.R. No. 102653, March 5, 1992
SWS v Comelec, G.R. No. 147571, May 5, 2001
Exit polls.
ABS-CBN v Comelec, G.R. No. 133486, January 28, 2000
Media practitioners during plebiscite.
Sanidad v Comelec, 181 SCRA 529 (1990)

(8)

Power to investigate and prosecute.

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1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(6)
Omnibus Election Code
Section 265
R.A. 9369
Section 43
Kilosbayan v Comelec, 280 SCRA 892, October 16, 1997
(9) Duty to report.
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(9)
LEGISLATIVE POWERS:
(1) Rule making power, laws and regulations
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(1)
Omnibus Election Code
Section 52(c)
Gallardo v Tabamo, 218 SCRA 253, 263-264 (1993)
Aruelo Jr. v CA, 227 SCRA 311
(2) Suspension of Rules of Procedure.
Llana v Comelec, G.R. No. 152080, November 28, 2003
JUDICIAL POWERS:
(1) Exercise original jurisdiction over regional, provincial,
and city election contests and appellate jurisdiction
over municipal and Barangay election contests
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(2)
Omnibus Election Code
Section 249
Javier v Comelec, 144 SCRA 194
Canicosa v Comelec, 282 SCRA 512 (1997)
Lazatin v Comelec, G.R. No. L-80007, January 25, 1988
Lazatin v HRET, G.R. No. 84297, December 8, 1988
Motion for Reconsiderations, In Division:
Roces v HRET, G.R. No. 167499, September 15, 2005
Mendoza v Comelec, G.R. No. 188308, October 15, 2009
Ceriaco Bulilis v Victoriano Nuez, G.R. No. 195953,
August 9, 2011
Flores v Comelec, 184 SCRA 484 (1990)
(2) Power to issue extraordinary writs.
Carlos v Angeles, 346 SCRA 571
Omnibus Election Code
Article VII, Section 52(d)
(3) Contumacy powers.
Filipinas Engg. Machine Shop v Ferrer,
135 SCRA 25 (1985)
Masangkay v Comelec, 6 SCRA 27 (1962)
Omnibus Election Code
Article VII, Section 52(e)
(4) Jurisdiction of en banc or division.
1987 Constitution

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Article IX(C), Section 3
Sarmiento v Comelec, 212 SCRA 307
Soller v Comelec, G.R. No. 139853, Sept. 5, 2000,
339 SCRA 685
Canicosa v Comelec, 282 SCRA 512 (1977)
Baytan v Comelec, G.R. No. 153945, February 4, 2003
Correction of manifest errors.
Torres v Comelec, 270 SCRA 583
Interlocutory orders.
Kho v Comelec, 279 SCRA 463
Subject of Motion for Reconsideration
Salazar v Comelec, 184 SCRA 433, 441 (1990)
Garvida v Sales, 271 SCRA 764
Zarate v Comelec, 318 SCRA 608
Soller v Comelec, 339 SCRA 685
QUASI-JUDICIAL POWERS:
Sandoval v Comelec, G.R. No. 133842, January 26, 2000
Judicial review.
1987 Constitution
Article IX-A, Section 7.
Article VIII, Section 5(1)
Certiorari jurisdiction of the SC.
Aratuc v Comelec, 88 SCRA 251
Loong v Comelec, 305 SCRA 832 (1999)
Reyes v RTC, 244 SCRA 41 (1995)
Ambil v Comelec, 244 SCRA 358
Salva v Makalintal, 340 SCRA 506
Relationship with lower courts.
Comelec v Datuimam, 304 SCRA 106 (1999)
Gallardo v Comelec, 218 SCRA 253 (1993)

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Part IV
ELECTION PERIOD
Election period.
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 9
Omnibus Election Code
Article I, Section 3
R.A. 7166
Sec. 5
Peralta v Comelec, 82 SCRA 30, 75, (March 11, 1978)
Election offenses, enumerated.
(1) Prohibited acts during election period.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 261
Vote-buying and vote-selling.
Appointment of new employees, creation of new
position, promotion or giving salary increases
Ong v Martinez, 188 SCRA 830
Transfer of officers and employees in the civil
service.
People v Reyes, 247 SCRA 328
Carrying firearms outside residence or place of
business.
RA 7166
Section 32
Ban on security personnel and bodyguards.
RA 7166
Section 33
Prohibition against release, disbursement or
expenditure of public funds.
Gallardo v Comelec, 218 SCRA 253 (1993)
Suspension of elective provincial, city, municipal or
barangay officer.
RA 6646
Section 27
Corporation Code
Section 36(9)
(2) Prohibited acts during registration of voters.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 261(y)
RA 8189
Sections 45 & 46
(3) Prohibited acts during voting.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 261(z), (bb)

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(4) Prohibited acts during canvassing.


Omnibus Election Code
Section 261(aa), (bb)
(5) Prohibited acts on candidacy and campaign.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 261(cc)
(6) Other prohibitions and election offenses.
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 261(dd) & 262
Liquor ban.
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 81 & 95
Foreign intervention.
Election offenses, persons criminally liable.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 263
Election offenses, penalties for.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 264
RA 8189
Section 46
Electoral sabotage.
R.A. 6646
Section 27
As amended by R.A. 9369
Sections 42 & 43
Election offenses, prosecution of.
1987 Constitution
Article IX-C, Section 2(6)
Omnibus Election Code
Section 265
As amended by R.A. 9369
Section 43
Comelec v Espaol, G.R. Nos. 149164-73
December 10, 2003
Naldaza v Lavilles, 254 SCRA 286
Deputation of prosecutors to investigate and prosecute
election offense.
People v Basilla, 179 SCRA 87
Comelec v Sila, 286 SCRA 177
Prosecution of vote-buying and vote-selling.
R.A. 6646
Section 28
Lozano v Comelec, G.R. No. 94626, October 28, 1991
Bernardo v Abalos, G.R. No. 137266, December 5, 2001
Election offenses as mala prohibita
People v Bayona, 61 Phil. 181

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People v Fuentes, 181 Phil. 186
Election offenses as mala in se.
Domalanta v Comelec, G.R. No. 125586, June 29, 2000
Garcia v CA, G.R. No. 157171, May 14, 2006
Election offenses, jurisdiction.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 268
Comelec v Noynay, 292 SCRA 354
Juan v People, 322 SCRA 125
Election offenses, prescription.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 267
Campaign period.
Omnibus Election Code
Article I, Section 3
RA 7166
Section 5
Campaign, defined.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 79
RA 9369
Section 13
RA 7166
Section 5
Lanot v Comelec, GR No. 164858, Nov. 16, 2006
Penera v Comelec & Andanar, GR No. 181613,
September 11, 2009
Penera v Comelec & Andanar, GR No. 181613,
November 25, 2009
Prohibited acts or forms during campaign period.
Omnibus Election Code, Section 85
Authorized expenses.
RA 7166, Section 13
Statement of Contributions and Expenditures.
RA 7166, Section 14
Election propaganda.
BP 881, Section 3 as amended by RA 7166, Sec. 5
R.A. 9006, Sections 3 & 4
Adiong v Comelec, G.R. No. 103956, March 31, 1992
Diocese of Bacolod v Comelec, G.R. No. 205728,
Airtime limit on political ads
News & opinions regarding candidates.
National Press Club v Comelec, 207 sCRA 1

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Part V
CANDIDATES
Certificate of Candidacy (CoC), defined.
CoC, contents of.
Gayo v Verceles, GR No. 150477, Feb. 28, 2005
Tecson v Comelec, GR No. 161434, Mar. 3, 2004
Dumpit-Michelina v Boado, GR No. 163619-20, Nov.
17, 2005
Limbona v Comelec, GR No. 186006, Oct. 16, 2009
CoC, purpose.
Miranda v Abaya, 311 SCRA 617
Who may file.
1987 Constitution
Articles VI & VII
Local Government Code
Section 39

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Frivaldo v Comelec, 174 SCRA 245
Who cannot file.
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 12 & 68
Acts of terrorism.
Diangka v Comelec, G.R. No. 139545, January 28, 2000
Local Government Code
Section 40
Fugitives from justice.
Marquez v Comelec, 243 SCRA 538
Permanent residents abroad.
Caasi v CA, 191 SCRA 538
Moral turpitude.
Villaber v Comelec, G.R. No. 148326, Nov.15, 2001
Term limit.
Revised Administrative Code
Ecclesiastics.
Pamil v Teleron, 56 SCRA 413
Persons receiving compensation from provincial or
municipal funds
Public works contractors
Where filed.
RA 7166
Section 7
When filed.
RA 7166
Section 7
Deadline for filing of CoC, purpose.
Miranda v Abaya, 311 SCRA 617
How filed.
RA 7166
Section 7
Duty of Comelec to receive CoC.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 76
Effect of filing.
Quinto v Comelec, GR No. 189698, Dec. 1, 2009
Quinto v Comelec, GR No. 189698, Feb. 22, 2010
Petition to deny due course or cancel CoC.
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 78, 80, 95-97, 261, 264, 269
R.A. 6646
Sections 5 & 7
Salcedo v Comelec, 312 SCRA 447
Substitution of candidates.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 77
R.A. 8436
Section 12

20
R.A. 9006
Section 12
Domingo v City Board of Canvassers, GR No. 105365,
June 2, 1992
Sinaca v Mula, 315 SCRA 266
Tagolino v HRET, G.R. No. 202202, March 19, 2013
Withdrawal of CoC.
Monsale v Nico, GR No. L-2539, May 28, 1949
Pilar v Comelec, 245 SCRA 759
Multiple CoC.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 73
Go v Comelec, GR No. 147741, May 10, 2001
Nuisance candidate.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 69
R.A. 6646
Nolasco v Comelec, 275 SCRA 762
Pamatong v Comelec, GR No. 16872, April 13, 2004
Martinez v HRET & Salimbangon, GR No. 189034,
Jan. 11, 2010
Lone Candidate Law.
RA 8295

21
Part VI
ELECTION
Voting, defined.
Who can vote.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XII, Section 148
Challenge of illegal voters.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XVII, Section 199
Challenge based on certain illegal acts.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XVII, Section 200
When to vote.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XVII, Section 190
Where to vote.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XIII, Sections 152 & 158
RA 7166
Section 11
How to vote.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XVII, Sections 193, 194, 195, 196, 197 &
198
Who conducts.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XIV, Section 168
Board of Election Inspectors.
Composition.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XIV, Section 164
Qualifications & disqualifications.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XIV, Sections 166 & 167
Powers.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XIV, Section 168
Counting.
Who conducts.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XIV, Section 168
When to count.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XVIII, Section 206
Where to count.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XVIII, Section 206
How to count.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XVIII, Section 210
RA 7166
Section 25
RA 6646

22
Section 12
Ballot appreciation, rules.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 211
RA 7166
Section 25
RA 6646
Section 18
Ferrer v Comelec, GR No. 139489, April 10, 2000
Neighborhood Rule.
Cordero v Moscardon, 132 SCRA 414
Idem sonans.
Bautista v Castro, 206 SCRA 606
Change of vote.
Ong v Comelec, 347 SCRA 681
Excess ballots.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 207
Spoiled ballots.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 209
Marked ballots.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 208
Signature of voter in the ballot.
Ferrer v De Alban, 101 Phil. 10
Names of persons not candidates.
Protacto v De Leon, 9 SCRA 472
Irrelevant expression.
Bautista v Castro, 206 SCRA 305
Use of sticker.
Lerias v HRET, 202 SCRA 808
Stray votes.
Villarosa v HRET, 340 SCRA 396
Watchers in polling places, qualifications &
disqualifications.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XV, Section 178
Watchers, rights and duties.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XV, Section 179
Persons allowed in and around the polling place.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XVII, Section 192
Comelec v Romillo, 158 SCRA 716
Canvassing, defined.
What to canvass.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XIX, Section 231
When to canvass.
Omnibus Election Code

23
Article XIX, Section 231
Where to canvass.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XIX, Section 231
How to canvass.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XIX, Section 231
Who conducts.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XIX, Sections 221 & 231
Canvassing bodies, enumerated & composition.
RA 7166
Section 19
Laodenio v Comelec, 276 SCRA 705
Congress as National Board of Canvassers (NBC)
President & Vice President
RA 7166, Section 30
Comelec en banc as National & Regional Board of
Canvassers for senators and regional officials,
respectively.
RA 7166, Section 30
Provincial Board of Canvassers (PBOC) for District
Representatives & Provincial Officials
Omnibus Election Code, Article XIX, Section 221(a)
RA 7166, Section 28(d)
District Board of Canvassers in each legislative
district in Metro Manila (DBC) &
District
Representatives
Omnibus Election Code, Article XIX, Section 221(c)
RA 7166, Section 28(c) 1, 2 & 3
City Board of Canvassers (CBOC) for District
Representatives &
City officials
Omnibus Election Code, Article XIX, Section 221(b)
RA 7166, Section 28(b)
Municipal Board of Canvassers (MBOC) for
Municipal officials
Omnibus Election Code, Article XIX, Section 221(d)
RA 7166, Section 28(a)
Barangay Board of Canvassers (BBOC) for Barangay
Officials
Persons not allowed inside the canvassing room.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XIX, Section 232
Watchers, rights and duties.
Omnibus Election Code

24
Article XIX, Section 239
Board of Canvassers, nature of duty.
Tatlonghari v Comelec, 199 SCRA 199
Power of Comelec over Board of Canvassers.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 227
Mastura v Comelec, 285 SCRA 493
Librados v Casar, 234 SCRA 13
Pre-proclamation controversy, defined.
Omnibus Election Code
Article XX, Section 241
Chu v Comelec, 319 SCRA 482
RA 7166
Section 15
Belac v Comelec, GR No. 145802, April 4, 2001
Pre-proclamation controversy, scope.
RA 7166
Sections 15 & 17
Chaves v Comelec, 211 sCRA 315 (1992)
Manifest error, defined.
OHara v Comelec, G.R. Nos. 148941-42, March 12, 2002
Manifest errors, correction of.
RA 7166
Section 15
Trinidad v Comelec, 320 SCRA 836
Ong v Comelec, 221 SCRA 75
Pre-proclamation controversy, jurisdiction.
RA 7166
Sections 15 & 17
Milla v Balmores-Laxa, GR No. 151216, July 18, 2003
Issues that may be raised.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 243
Sebastian v Comelec, GR No. 139573-75, March 7, 2000
Bandala v Comelec, GR No. 159369,
March 3, 2004
Villamor v Comelec, G.R. No. 169865, July 1, 2006
Ladoeno v Comelec, 276 SCRA 705
Procedure to raise objections.
RA 7166
Section 20
Excluded issues.
Ocampo v Comelec, GR No. 136282, February 15, 2000
Dagloc v Comelec, GR No. 154442-47, December 10, 2003
Bandala v Comelec, GR No. 159369,
March 3, 2004
R.A. 7166
Section 15

25
Exception to the exception:
Sandoval v Comelec, GR No. 133842, January 26, 2000
Distinguished from other remedies.
Ampatuan v Comelec, GR No. 149803, January 31, 2002
Sarangani v Comelec, GR No. 155560-62, Nov. 11, 2003
Lucman v Comelec, GR No. 166229,
June 29, 2005
Trinidad v Comelec, GR No. 134657, December 15, 1999
Pre-proclamation controversy, termination of.
Sardea v Comelec ???
Penaflorida v Comelec, 282 SCRA 241
Except if:
Proclamation is void.
Matalam v Comelec, 271 SCRA 733
Returns were manufactured.
Agbayani v Comelec, 186 SCRA 464
Computation was erroneous.
Mentang v Comelec, 229 SCRA 669
Filing of election protest or quo warranto, effect on
pre-proclamation case.
Maruhom v Comelec, 331 SCRA 473
Laodenio v Comelec, 276 SCRA 405
Except if:
Filing of protest was a precautionary measure.
Mitmug v Comelec, 230 SCRA 54
Doctrine of statistical improbability.
Lagumbay v Climaco, 16 SCRA 175
Velayo v Comelec, 327 SCRA 713

Part VII
PROCLAMATION
Proclamation, defined.
When to proclaim.
President & Vice President
Omnibus Election Code
Article II, Section 20, par. 4
Senators
District Representatives
Provincial officials
City officials
Municipal officials
Barangay officials
RA 7166

26
Sections 20(i), 21
Who to proclaim.
President & Vice President
Omnibus Election Code
Article II, Section 20
Who proclaims.
PET
Macalintal v PET, GR No. 191618, November 23, 2010
Suspension or annulment of canvass and proclamation.
Agbayani v Comelec, 186 SCRA 484 (1990)
Second placer rule.
Benito v Comelec, 235 SCRA 436
Loreto v Brion, 311 SCRA 694
Tagolino v HRET, G.R. No. 202202, March 19, 2013
Maquiling v Comelec, G.R. No. 195649, April 16, 2013
Assumption to office, effect of.
Agbayani v Comelec, 186 SCRA 484 (1990)
Assumption to office, failure.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 12
Partial proclamation.
RA 7166
Section 21
Annulment of proclamation, grounds.
Torres v Comelec, 270 SCRA 583

Part VIII
ELECTION CONTESTS
Election contest, defined.
Javier v Comelec, 144 SCRA 194
Protest, defined.

27
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 1, Section 3(d)
Protest, who may file.
Municipal & Barangay officials
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 251 & 252
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 2, Section 5
Regional, Provincial & City officials
Omnibus Election Code
Section 250
District Representatives
1998 Rules of House of Representatives Electoral
Tribunal
Rule 17
Senators
Rules of Senate Electoral Tribunal
Rule 14
President & Vice President
Rules of Presidential Electoral Tribunal
Rule 14
Protest, when to file.
SK officials
RA 7808
Section 1
Municipal & Barangay officials
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 251, 252 & 253
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 2, Section 8
Regional, Provincial & City officials
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 250 & 253
District Representatives
1998 Rules of House of Representatives Electoral
Tribunal
Rule 16 & 17
Senators
Revised Rules of Senate Electoral Tribunal
Rule 14
President & Vice President
Rules of Presidential Electoral Tribunal
Rule 14
Protest, grounds for.
Municipal & Barangay officials
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 2, Section 11(f)
Common grounds: fraud, terrorism, irregularities or illegal acts
committed before, during or after the casting and counting of votes.
Protest, where filed.
SK Officials
RA 7166

28
Section 1
Municipal & Barangay officials
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(2)
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 251 & 252
Papandayan v Comelec, 230 SCRA 469
Regatcho v Cleto, 126 SCRA 342
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 1, Section 3(d)
Rule 2, Sections 1 & 2
Regional, Provincial & City officials
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(2)
Omnibus Election Code
Section 249
District Representatives
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 17
Sampayan v Daza, 213 SCRA 807
Senators
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 17
President & Vice President
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 4
Protest, motion for reconsideration.
SK officials
1993 Comelec Rules of Procedure
Rule 37, Section 19
Rule 38, Section 12
Municipal & Barangay officials
Omnibus Election Code
Section 256
1993 Comelec Rules of Procedure
Rule 37, Section 19
Rule 38, Section 12
Regional, Provincial & City officials
1993 Comelec Rules of Procedure
Rule 19, Section 2
District Representatives
1998 Rules of House of Representatives Electoral
Tribunal
Rule 74
Senators
Rules of Senate Electoral Tribunal
Rule 64
President & Vice President
Rules of Presidential Electoral Tribunal
Rule 65
Reyes v RTC, 244 SCRA 41
Angela v Comelec, 322 SCRA 757
Protest, where & when to appeal.
Municipal & Barangay officials

29
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(2)
1993 Comelec Rules of Procedure
Rule 22, Section 3
Lindo v Comelec, 194 SCRA 25
RA 7166
Section 22
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 14, Section 8
Guieb v Fontanilla, 247 SCRA348 (1995)
Rivera v Comelec, 199 SCRA 178
Calucag v Comelec, 274 SCRA 405
Flores v Comelec, 184 sCRA 484
Regional, Provincial & City officials
1987 Constitution
Article IX(A), Section 7
District Representatives
Rules of Court
Rule 65, Section 4
Lerias v HRET,
Senators
Rules of Court
Rule 65, Section 4
President & Vice President
Execution of judgment in election protest pending appeal.
Ferno v Comelec, 328 SCRA 52
Relampagos v Cumba, 243 SCRA 690
Failure to pay appellate docket fee, effect of.
Reyes v RTC, 244 SCRA 41
Rodillas v Comelec, 245 SCRA 702
Protest, abandonment of.
Santiago v Ramos, 253 SCRA 559
Quo warranto, defined.
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 1, Section 3(e)
Quo warranto, where filed.
Municipal & Barangay officials
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(2)
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 251 & 252
Papandayan v Comelec, 230 SCRA 469
Regatcho v Cleto, 126 SCRA 342
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 1, Section 3(d)
Rule 2, Sections 1 & 2
Regional, Provincial & City officials
1987 Constitution
Article IX(C), Section 2(2)
Omnibus Election Code
Section 249

30
District Representatives
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 17
Sampayan v Daza, 213 SCRA 807
Senators
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 17
President & Vice President
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 4
Quo warranto, who may file.
Municipal & Barangay officials
Omnibus Election Code
Section 253
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 2, Section 6
Regional, Provincial & City officials
Omnibus Election Code
Section 253
District Representatives
1998 Rules of House of Representatives Electoral
Tribunal
Rule 17
Senators
1998 Rules of Senate Electoral Tribunal
Rule 15
President & Vice President
Rules of Presidential Electoral Tribunal
Rule 15
Quo warranto, when to file.
SK officials
RA 7808
Section 1
Municipal & Barangay officials
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 252 & 253
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 2, Section 8
Regional, Provincial & City officials
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 250 & 253
Frivaldo v Comelec, 174 SCRA 245
District Representatives
1998 Rules of House of Representatives Electoral
Tribunal
Rule 16 & 17
Senators
Revised Rules of Senate Electoral Tribunal
Rule 15
President & Vice President
Rules of Presidential Electoral Tribunal
Rule 15
Quo warranto, grounds for.
Municipal & Barangay officials

31
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 2, Section 11(f)
Common ground: ineligibility or disloyalty to the Republic of
the Philippines.
Samad v Comelec, 224 SCRA 631
Quo warranto, where & when to appeal.
Municipal & Barangay officials
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 14, Section 8
Quo warranto in elective and appointive office,
distinguished.

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