Verbs

In some sentences in the Structure Section on TOEFL, you will be asked to identify the correct verb.
In fact, most of the sentences in the Structure section are verb problems. A verb is a word of phrase that
expresses action or condition. A verb can be classified as transitive or intransitive according to whether it
requires a complement; it can be classified further according to the kind of complement it requires,
including not only nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs, but also ing forms or infinitives. Choose
the correct answer in the incomplete sentences.
1. Almost everyone fails ____ the drivers test on the first try.
a. passing
b. to have passed
c. to pass
d. in passing
2. If endangered species ______ saved, rain forest must be protected.
a. are to be
b. be
c. can be
d. will be
3. The average spoken sentence in conversational English takes 2,5 seconds ______
a. for to complete
b. completing
c. to complete
d. by completing
4. Only twenty years ago, most doctors agreed _____ truthful with their terminally ill patients, a
trend that has reserved itself in modern medical practice.
a. dont to be
b. not to be
c. we shouldnt been
d. not to been
5. William Torrey Harris was one of the first educators interested _____ a logical progression of
topics in the school curriculum.
a. in establishing
b. for establishing
c. establishing
d. to establish
6. North American Indian tribes used sign language _____ with tribes that spoke a different
language or dialect.
a. to communicating
b. for communicate
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c. to communicate
d. for communicated
7. Art tends to be _____ more after the death of the artist, but most literary works tend to decrease in
value when the writer dies.
a. price
b. worthy
c. worth
d. value
8. Adult eagles let their offspring ____ nests near their original area.
a. build
b. builds
c. building
d. to build
9. If a person does not have an attorney, the court ____ one.
a. will appoint
b. appointed.
c. would appoint
d. appointing.
10. Iowa _____ of flat topped hills erected by the ancient Mound Builder people as temples and
burial sites.
a. with a large number
b. has a large number
c. having a large number
d. a large number
11. _____ the eight Ivy League schools are among the most prestigious colleges in the United States.
a. It is generally accepted that
b. That it is accepted.
c. Accepting that it is
d. That is accepted.

12. To relieve pain caused by severe burns, prevent infection, and treat for shock, _____ immediate
steps.
a. taking
b. to take
c. taken
d. take

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13. If gasoline vapor _____ with air, combustion will occur

a. mixed
b. had mixed
c. mixes
d. mixture
14. Vermont, commonly known as the Green Mountain State, refused _____ until 1791
a. to join the Union
b. joining the Union
c. the joining of the Union
d. join the Union
15. Air constricted between the vocal chords makes them _____, producing sounds.
a. to vibrate
b. vibrating
c. vibrate
d. the vibration

Auxiliary Verbs
In some sentences in the structure section on TOEFL , you will be asked to select the correct auxiliary
verb. An auxiliary verb that accompanies the main verb and makes distinctions in the meaning of the
main verb. Some examples of auxiliary verbs are BE. HAVE, or a modal. Choose the correct answer in
the incomplete sentences.
1. On the average, a healthy heart _____ to pump five tablespoons of blood with every beat
a. must
b. ought
c. can
d. should
2. In general, by the second year of production, the price of a new piece of technology ____
signification
a. will decreased
b. has decreased
c. will have decreased
d. will has decreased
3. A cure for juvenile diabetes _____ until more funds are allocated to basic research.
a. wont develop
b. arent developing
c. dont develop
d. wont be developed
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4. Civil engineers had better ______ steel supports in concrete structures built on unstable
geophysical sites.
a. Include
b. Including
c. Inclusion
d. Included
5. The cones of pine trees _____ two or three years to reach maturity.
a. to take
b. taking
c. may take
d. takes
6. Although the scientific community had hoped that the field of transplantation ____, the shortage
of organ donor s has curtailed research.
a. progress
b. had progressed
c. would progress
d. progressing
7. Even without strong wings, the ostrich has survived because It ____ at high speeds to escape
predator
a. to run
b. can run
c. running
d. run

Nouns
In some sentences in the Structure Section on TOEFL, you will be asked to identify the correct noun.
A noun is a word that names persons, objects, and ideas. There are two basic classifications of nouns in
English: count nouns and noncount nouns. Count nouns are those that can be made plural by s, -es, or
an irregular form. They are used in agreement with either singular or plural verbs. Noncount nouns are
those that cannot be made plural in these ways. They are used in agreement with singular verbs. It is
necessary to know whether a noun is count or noncount to maintain verb agreement and to choose correct
adjective modifiers. Choose the correct answer in the incomplete sentences.
1. The two main ____ are permanent magnets and electromagnets .
a. kinds of magnets
b. kinds of magnets
c. kind magnets
d. kinds magnets
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2. When water is frozen, it becomes ______,

a. ice
b. ices
c. the ice
d. an ice
3. ____ can live to be more than fifteen years old.
a. That it is dogs
b. That dogs
c. Dogs that
d. Dogs
4. In the fall, most trees lose ____, which have, by then, turned from green to gold and orange.
a. their leaf
b. their leaves
c. the leaf
d. the leafs
5. Doctors have concluded that in addition to regular exercise, a diet rich in ___ is good for the
heart.
a. fruit and vegetable
b. a fruit and vegetable
c. the fruits and vegetables
d. fruit and vegetables
6. Canada stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, and covers ____ of almost four
million square miles.
a. a area
b. an area
c. the area
d. area
7. During the early nineteenth century, _____ were hunted for their pelts.
a. a beaver
b. beavers
c. the beaver
d. that beavers
8. _____ designs on a wall, also called graffiti, has become associated with gang activity in many
neighborhoods.
a. Spraying of
b. The spraying of
c. Spray the
d. Spray
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9. _____ by the author John Grisham are frequently on the best seller list.
a. The novel
b. Novels
c. A novel
d. Some novel
10. ____ have made communication faster and easier through the use of e-mal an the Internet is
widely recognized.
a. It is that computers
b. That it is computers
c. Computers that
d. That computers
11. Termites can do _____ to the wood in homes before they are detected.
a. an extensive damage
b. extensive damages
c. the extensive damage
d. extensive damage

Pronouns
In some sentences in the Structure Section on TOEFL, you will be asked to identify the correct
pronoun. A pronoun is a word that can be used instead of noun, usually to avoid repeat-ing the noun. A
pronoun may be singular or plural; masculine, feminine, or neuter; and first, second, or third person to
agree with the noun to which it refers. A pronoun may be used as the subject of a sentence, a clause, or a
preposition. In English, pronouns are also used to express possessives. Choose the correct answer in the
incomplete sentences.
1. The crime rate has begun to decline in New York City due to efforts on the part of both
government and private citizens to curb ______ .
a. them
b. him
c. its
d. it
2. Seals can ____ because they have a thick layer of blubber under their fur.
a. keep them warm
b. keep themselves warm
c. they keep warm
d. keep their warm

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3. In order for people who speak different language to engage in trade ____ they often develop a
simplified language called pidgin.
a. with each the other
b. with each to the other
c. with each another
d. with each other
4. Domestic cats often show loyalty to their owners by leaving freshly killed prey such as birds for
____ to find.
a. they
b. he
c. them
d. their
5. The United states and Canada have many trade agreements that benefit ____ .
a. one the other
b. other
c. other one
d. each other
e.
6. The constellation Orion is easily recognized by ____ three vertical stars.
a. your
b. its
c. their
d. her
7. Wolves, which are known to travel in packs, both provide for and defend _____ through group
cooperation.
a. himself
b. themselves
c. itself
d. theirselves
8. Although orchids give the appearance of being very fragile, they are actually very hardy plants
____ indoor s during the winter months
a. which may be grown
b. what may grow
c. who may be grow
d. where may be growing
9. Hyperactivity in children may result from ____ some food additives
a. their eating
b. they eat
c. to eat
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d. them eating
10. Hawkeye was a character ____ James Fenimore Cooper created for The Last of the Mohicans
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose

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Written Expression Overall exercise

Choose the incorrect or phrase in the underlined choices.

1. When the silkworm gets through to lay its eggs, it dies.
A B C D
2. A barometer is a device with a sealed metal chamber designed to reading the changes in the
A B C
Pressure of air in the atmosphere.
D
3. Since lighting was probably significant in the formation of life, understanding it might help us to
A B
understanding life itself.
C D
4. If the oxygen supply in the atmosphere was not replenished by plants, it would soon be
A B C
exhausted.
D
5. The Girls Scouts, which was found by Juliette Gordon Low in 1912, has grown to a current
A B C
membership of more than three million girls.
D
6. It is generally believed that Thomas Jefferon was the one who had researched and wrote the
A B
Declaration of Independences during the months prior to its signing in July 1776
C D
7. Although some higher structure have been build in New York City, none characterizes the
A B C
Skyline better than the Empire State Building.
D
8. Research in genetics and DNA having had a profound influence on the direction of
A B C
treatment for a large number of diseases.
D
9. Bones composed chiefly of calcium, phosphorous, and a fibrous substance known as
A B C D
Collagen.
10. During the past decade, twenty million college graduates spended more then fifty
A B C
billion dollars in ten year student loans.
D
11. There is no limit to the diversity to be finding in the cultures of people throughout the world.
A B C D
12. The government requires that a census taken every ten years so that accurate statistics
A B C
may be compiled.
D
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13. It is important that cancer is diagnosed and treated as early as possible in order to assure a
A B C D
a successful cure.
14. Before railroad lines were extended from Missouri to New Mexico , millions of dollars in
A B
trade was used to be carried over the Santa Fe Trail by wheeled wagons.
C D
15. Based on a decline in vehicular deaths during the past decade, seat belts, air bags,

baby seats, and other safety feature in never automobiles must be save lives.
A B C D
16. The gold used in jewelry is not strong enough unless it be alloyed.
A B C D
17. General damage that been caused by aphids or pollution is sometimes known as blight.
A B C D
18. Fred Astaire is said to had been the most popular dancer of his time, but he was also a
A B C
talented actor, singer, and choreographer.
D
19. The understanding electricity depends on a knowledge of atoms and the subatomic particles of
A B C
which they are composed.
D
20. The U.S. Postal Services delivers more mails in one day than Federal Express does in one year.
A B C D
21. One of the most distinctive plant found in the desert is the Saguaro cactus.
A B C D
22. A thunder usually follows lightning by five seconds for every mile between the flash and
A B C D
the observer.
23. The stories of Dr. Seuss have been enjoyed by millions of childrens.
A B C D
24. Collections of the simple and functional Shaker furniture can be seen in museum
A B C D
throughout the United States

25. The decathlon is a two day athetic competition which consists of ten types tract and
A B C D
field events.
26. Provide pension for retired persons is the primary function of the social security system.
A B C D
27. New equipments for medical diagnosis have made many formerly unpleasant
A B C
procedures quite painless.
D
28. Sloths spend most of its time hanging upside down from trees and feeding on
A B C
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29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

leaves and fruit.

D
When the European settlers came in the seventeenth century, the newcomer
A
began a systematic effort to push the Native Americans into the wilderness and
B
to take their land from their.
C D
After Dr Werner Arber discovered restriction enzymes, Drs Daniel Nathan,
A
Hamilton Smith, and him were awarded the Nobel Prize for their research
B C D
in that field.
There are not many people which adapt to new culture without feeling some
A B C D
disorientation at first.
Those of us who have a family history of heart disease should make yearly
A B C
Appointments with their doctors.
D
George Herman Ruth, which was better known as Babe Ruth began his baseball
A B C D
Career in 1914 with the Baltimore Orioles.

34. The first full length animated movie. Snow White, was produced by Walt
A B
Disney whom creative genius also inspired such animated classics as Bambi and
C D
Cinderella.

35. In advanced stages of anorexia, the patient is unable to feed themselves.
A B C D
36. It is documented that Custer led his troops into a ravine near the Little Big Horn,
A B
Where a huge army of Sioux Indians was waiting for they.
C D
37. The sea horse is unique among fish because the female deposits their eggs in a
A B C
Pouch that the male carries until the small sea horses are hatched.
D
==Good Luck ==

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