Example Problems

EXAMPLES
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
Sample No. 1 Determine the maximum positive moment and the negative moment at the fixed
support.
58
= 1.0879
7
6(
58
) = 6.5278
7
Cantilever M= 8.4482 x (1.0879)2/2

MB= 5 kNm
1
FEMs= 12 (8.4482)(6.5278)2 = 30.000

Mc = 30 +
25
= 42.5
2
Point of zero shear:

=
21.829
= 2.5839
8.4482
1
= (21.829)(2.5839) 5 = .
2
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
Sample No. 2 Determine the moment at point c.

Columns steel pipe, outer = 300mm, thickness=10mm, G=200 GPa
Rafters aluminum, I section, Flanges, 250 x 20mm, web 450 x 10 mm, G=83 GPa
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013

(3004 2804 ) = 95.889106 4
64
1
(2504903 2404503 ) = 628.52106 4
=
12
200 95.889
. 75 (
)
6
=
= 0.29130
20095.889
83628.52
. 75 (
)
+
6
45
=
= 0.7087
=
1
2
(10)(45) = 66.6667
12
= 66.667 +
0.7087
(66.667 0) = .
2
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
WSD SINGLY
Example 1. Determine the moment capacity of beam if the area of reinforcing bars is 1400
mm2. If fs=120MPa and fc=20MPa.
200 mm
n=
400 mm
n =
Es
=
4.7fc
As
bd
n=
200
= 9.5152 10
4.720
1400
(10)
(200)(400)
= 0.17500
k = n + (n 2 ) + 2(n )
As
k = 0.175 + (0.1752 ) + 2(0.175)

k = 0.44195
c = k d = 0.44195 x 400 = 176.78

Itr =
bc 3
(200)(176.78)3
+ nAs (d c)2 =
+ (10)(1400)(400 176.78)2
3
3
= .
Due to Concrete: Mcap =

Mcap =
(0.45)(20)(1066.073)
(176.78)
Due to Steel: Mcap =

Mcap =
fc Itr
c
= .
fs Itr
(d c)(n)
(120)(1066.073)
(400176.78)(10)
= .
= .
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
Example 2. Determine the maximum safe load w based on the following stresses, fc = 25 MPa
and fs = 138 MPa.
2w
1.7 w
5m
4m
TOP BARS
BOTTOM BARS
400
400
80 70
4-32
375
455
2-20
70
4-32
SECTION AB
SECTION B
n=
Es
4.7fc
200
4.725
= 8.5106 9
SECTION B:
4 x 322 x 80
d=
+ 375 = 441.93 mm
4 x 322 + 2 x 202
(4 x 322 + 2 x 202 )
As
4
(9) = 0.195776
n =
n=
bd
(400)(441.93)
c = [n + (n 2 ) + 2(n ) ] d = 203.23 mm
Itr =
bc 3
(400)(203.233)3
+ nAs (d c)2 =
+ (9) ( ) (4 x 322 + 2 x 202 )(441.93 203.23)2
3
3
4
= .
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013

Mneg =
(0.45)(20)(3091.057)
(203.23)

Mneg =
fc Itr
c
= .
fs Itr
(d c)(n)
(138)(3091.057)
(441.93203.23)(9)
= .
= .
SECTION B:
d = 455 mm
(4 x 322 )
As
4
(9) = 0.159082
n =
n=
bd
(400)(455)
c = [n + (n 2 ) + 2(n ) ] d = 194.2768 m
Itr =
bc 3
(400)(194.2768)3
+ nAs (d c)2 =
+ (9) ( ) (4 x 322 )(455 194.2768)2
3
3
4
= .

Mpos =
(0.45)(20)(2945.811)
(194.2768)

M =
fc Itr
c
= .
fs Itr
(d c)(n)
(138)(2945.811)
(455194.2768)(9)
= .
= .
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
1
5
=
= 0.51613
1 + 0.75
4
5
= 0.48387
FEMs:
=
2 2
(5 ) = 2.08334
12
1.7 2
(4 ) 1.5 = 3.4
12
FINAL Ms:
= 2.08334 (0.48387) + 3.4 (0.51613) = 2.76307
1
= 2.08334 + 2(2.08334 w 3.4 w)(0.51613) = 1.74355 w

= 0
=

+
= 5.2039
2
2() = 5.2039
= 2.60195
Mpos = (
5.2039 2.60195
) (2.76307) = 4.00708 w
2
4.00708 = 136.467
= .
Mneg = 171.1086
2.76307 = 171.1086
= .
= .
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
WSD DOUBLY
In the figure shown, determine the deflection at free end. d = 75mm, d = 595mm and b =
360mm. Use fc = 35 MPa.
360
75
220 kN-m
3-36mm
520
40 kN-m
75
3-25mm
3.20 m
4.7
200
4.735
= 7.2 7
Solve for As and As,

=
(36)2 3 = 3053.632
4
= 7 3053.63 = 21375 2
=
(25)2 3 = 1472.6 2
4
(2 1) = [(27) 1] 1472.6 = 1914.4 2
Let A = b/2, =
360
2
= 180
= (2 1) + = 1914.4 + 21375 = 40519
= (2 1) + = (19144 75) + (21375 595) = 14153925
Substitute A, B and C on the equation for c, we obtain

c=
40519+ 405192 +4(180+14153925)

2 180
= 189.61
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
Calculate Itr,
Itr =
=
3
3
+ ( )2 + ((2 1) )( )2
360+189.612
3
+ 21375(370.39)2 + 1914.4(114.61) = 4582.3106 4
Ec = 4700 = 470035 = 27806
3 4
220(3.2)3 (10)12
40(3.2)4 (10)12
=
+
=
+
3
8
3 27.806 4.5823102 8 27.806 4.5823 1012
= .
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
WSD IRREGULAR
Example 1. Given L = 10m., find max w that the beam can carry safely
200
100
9.52 say 10
4.7 20
(20) 2 4 12566mm 2
550
nA s 10
400
Assume c 100mm.
350 x 100 50 or 12566(550 100)
100
175000 5654700
200
75
therefore : irregular section

A 150/2 75mm.
75
B 100(200) 12566 32566mm 2

C
100 2 (200)
I tr
12566(550) 7911300mm 3
2
c 173.56mm
1
(200)(100) (200)(100)(173.56)
3
12
2364.1 10 6 mm 4
Based on Concrete allowable stresses
150(173.56) 3
3
12566(550 173.56) 2
fc .45 20 9 MPa
Mcap
9(2364.1 10 6 )
173.56
Based on steel
10 6 122.59kNm
fs 138MPa
Mcap
138(2364.1 10 6 )
10 6
(550 173.56)(10)
86.667 kN m 122.59 kN - m
wL 2 w
8
w 6.9333kN / m
8M
L
8 86.667
10 2
Therefore Mcap 86.667 kNm
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
USD SINGLY
USD DOUBLY
USD IRREGULAR
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
ONE WAY SLAB

1. SAMPLE PROBLEM
a. Determine the required thickness of a prismatic one way slab shown below (round
up to nearest cm).
b. Determine the required spacing of the bars in the first interior support.
Use grade 40, 10mm diameter bars and fc=25 MPa.
3.4 m
a.
24
28
=
=
3100
24
2900
28
3.2 m
3.2 m
= 129.17mm.
= 103.57 .
276
Reqd thickness= 129.17[0.4 + 700]

T =102.60 say 110mm
b. wu =1.4[5+(0.11 24)] + 1.7(3) = 15.796 kPa
1
Mu = 10 (15.796)(3.1)2 = 15.180 (governs)
1
Mu =12 (15.796)(2.9)2 = 11.070
10
d=110-20- 2 = 85
15.18
X=0.91000 (0.0852 )276 = 0.03363

276
m =0.8525 = 12.988
=
112
= 0.0089822
1.4

= 0.00507 0.004289
4
= 0.00507 <
(10)2
Reqd s= 4(0.0089822)(85) = 102.87 ( 100)

Smax = 3Ats or 450= 330 (governs) > Reqd s
Adopt smallest S:
S= 100 mm
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
STRINGERS
Sample Problem No.1 Compute for the moment of the prismatic stringer shown below. Use
superimposed dead load = 2.1 kPa and a live load of 2.4 kPa and a slab thickness = 110 mm.
Assume beam width = 250mm. Also, assume that the dimension of the stringer is 200 x 500mm.
stringers
8 @ 3.5 m = 28 m
stringers
1. Spans are more than two.

2. Check all the span lengths if it is okay to use the ACI Moment Coefficient:
8
7
= 1.14286 ()
7.2
7
8.2
7.2
= 1.02857 ()
= 1.0 ()
3. Convert Floor Load to Uniform Load:

Total Dead Load:
Superimposed Dead Load = 2.1 kPa
Weight of Slab
= 24 * 0.11
Weight of Stringer = 24 * 0.2 * 0.5

= 2.4 kN/m
= 2.64 kPa
4.74 kPa
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
Loading for 8m span:

m = 3.5/8=0.4375
WD = ( 4.74* 3.5)/8 ((3-(0.4375)^2)/2)*2
= 5.83661 kN/m + 2.4 kN/m
= 8.23661 kN/m
WL = ( 2.4* 3.5)/8 ((3-(0.4375)^2)/2)*2
= 2.94902 kN/m
Wu = 1.2 (8.23661) + 1.6 (2.94902)
= 14.60236 kN/m
Loading for 7m span:
m = 3.5/7=0.5
WD = ( 4.74 * 3.5)/7 ((3-(0.5)^2)/2)*2
= 6.5175 kN/m + 2.4 kN/m
= 8.9175 kN/m
WL = ( 2.4* 3.5)/7 ((3-(0.5)^2)/2)*2
= 3.3 kN/m
Wu = 1.2 (8.9175) + 1.6 (3.3)
= 15.981 kN/m
Loading for 7.2m span:
m = 3.5/7.2=0.48611
WD = ( 4.74* 3.5)/7.2 ((3-(0.48611)^2)/2)*2
= 6.368 kN/m + 2.4 kN/m
= 8.768 kN/m
WL = ( 2.4* 3.5)/7.2 ((3-(0.48611)^2)/2)*2
= 3.22431 kN/m
Wu = 1.2 (8.768) + 1.6 (3.22431)
= 15.680 kN/m
Loading for 8.2m span:
m = 3.5/8.2=0.42683
WD = ( 4.74 * 3.5)/8.2 ((3-(0.42683)^2)/2)*2
= 5.70092 kN/m + 2.4 kN/m
= 8.10092 kN/m
WL = ( 2.4* 3.5)/8.2 ((3-(0.42683)^2)/2)*2
= 2.88654 kN/m
Wu = 1.2 (8.10092) + 1.6 (2.88654)
= 14.33957 kN/m
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
For 8m span:
M = 1/10 Wuln2
= 1/10 (14.60236) (7.75)2
= 87.705 kN-m
M = 1/14 Wuln2
= 1/14 (14.60236) (7.75)2
= 62.647 kN-m
M = 1/24 Wuln2
= 1/24 (14.60236) (7.75)2
= 36.544 kN-m
For 7m span:
M = 1/11 Wuln2
= 1/11 (15.981) (6.75)2
= 66.194 kN-m
M = 1/16 Wuln2
= 1/16 (15.981) (6.75)2
= 45.508 kN-m
For 7.2m span:
M = 1/11 Wuln2
= 1/11 (15.680) (6.95)2
= 68.853 kN-m
M = 1/16 Wuln2
= 1/16 (15.680) (6.95)2
= 47.336 kN-m
For 8.2m span:
M = 1/10 Wuln2
= 1/10 (14.33957) (7.95)2
= 90.63 kN-m
M = 1/14 Wuln2
= 1/14 (14.33957) (7.95)2
= 64.74 kN-m
M = 1/24 Wuln2
= 1/24 (14.33957) (7.95)2
= 37.76 kN-m
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
TWO WAY SLAB

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1. Determine the required thickness of the slab shown in the figure. Assume
all beam widths are 300mm x 600mm and all dimensions shown are center-to-center of beams.
Use Gr.40 bars and fc' = 25MPa.
5.0 m
5.2 m
5.0 m
4.2 m
4.5 m
4.2 m
Since the biggest panel is Panel C having clear spans of 4.9m x 4.2m, this is to be
considered:
276
1400) 4900(0.8 + 1400)
=
= 105.08 ~110
4900
36 + 9
36 + 9 (
4200)
(0.8 +
=
= . ~
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.
1.) Determine the reqd thickness of the floor using Grade 60 bars.
2.) Determine the design negative moment at the continuous edge in the long direction of
the middle strip of slab A if total DL is 6.3 kPa and LL is 2.4 kPa.
3.) Determine the design negative moment at the discontinuous edge of slab B in the column
strip in the short direction using the loads in problem 2.
All beam widths = 300 mm
SOLUTIONS :
ln 0.80 fy
414
1500 4400 0.8
1500 * 1.10 110 .07 mm 90 * 1.1 99 mm

1.) h
4.4
36 9
36 9 *
3.5
Re q' d h 110.07mm
2.)
1.2 WD 1.2 * 6.3 7.56
1.6 WL 1.6 * 2.4 3.84
WU 11.4 kPa
CASE 4
3.5
0.83333
4.2
Cb neg 0.029 0.33333 * 2 * 0.005 0.032333
m
M bneg 0.032333 * 11.4 * 4.2 2 6.5020

kN - m/ 1m strip
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
3.)
m
3.5
0.79545
4.4
CASE 8
Ca, pos DL 0.036 - 0.4545 * 2 * 0.004 0.032364
M a,pos DL 0.032364 * 7.56 * 3.52 2.9972
Ca, pos LL 0.049 - 0.4545 * 2 * 0.004 0.045364
M a,pos LL 0.045364 * 3.84 * 3.52 2.1339
M a,pos 2.9972 2.1339 5.1311
Discontinuous Edge (Column Strip)
M a,neg
5.1311 2
* 1.1402 kN - m/m
3
3
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.
Design the exterior panel of the two-way slab using direct design method.
Given Data:
fy= 276 MPa
fc= 33 MPa
g= 0.002
max= 0.04173
min= 0.0052
m= 9.8396
Bar size= 12mm
Assumed beam width= 0.2m
Assumed Depth= 0.4m
Dead Load = 1.83kPa
Live Load = 1.9kPa
Concrete Cover = 20mm
Span Length:
Along z-direction=3m
Along x-direction=2.15m
Clear Span Length:
Along z-direction=3-0.2= 2.8m
Along x-direction=2.15-0.2= 1.95m
Therefore:
ln = 2.8m
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
Slab Thickness:
Assume conventional slab with stiff beams ( > 2.0)
= 2.8/1.95 = 1.4359
(0.8 + 1400) 2.8(0.8 + 276 )

1400 = 57.07~60
=
=
36 + 9
36 + 9(1.4359)
therefore: h=100mm since 100 is the minimum slab thickness
Load Calculation:
Total Factored Load= 1.2(1.83+24*.1)+1.6(1.9)= 8.12kPa
At Z-direction
End Span, Slabs with beams between all support
Exterior Side
ln
2.8m
l1
3m
l2
1.075m
lB=bh^3/12
1.6109 4
lS=bh^3/12
9x107 4
2 2
3.28kN-m
Mo=
8
17.8605
Interior Side
2.8m
3m
2.15m
2.13109 4
1.79108 4
13.13kN-m
11.9070
X1 = assumed beam width = 200mm

Y1 = assumed depth = 400mm
X2 = h = 100mm
Y2 = smallest between 4h and Y1-h = 300mm
3
= (1 0.63 )
3
= (1 0.63
200 2003 400

100 1003 300
)(
)(
) + (1 0.63
) = 8.1108 4
400
3
300
3
=

= 1.6193
2
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
Based from the NSCP 2010 Code Sec. 413.7.3.3;

Since the kind of slab has beams between all supports, the Interior Neg. Moment is 0.7, the
Positive Moment is 0.63 and the Exterior Neg. Moment is 0.16.
Column strip for Exterior Negative Moment
Exterior Side
Column strip
0.5375m
0.3583
2 1
6.4
2 1
75
2 1 = 0
94.25%
2 1 > 1
Col. Strip
94.25%
Middle strip
5.75%
Moment
0.03kN-m
Overall width
0.5375m
Moment
0.056 kN-m/m
Width of side
0.80625 m
Total Exterior Negative Moment = 0.1627
Interior Side
1.075m
0.7167
8.5333
75
83.5%
83.5%
16.5%
0.347kN-m
1.075m
0.322 kN-m/m
0.5375 m
Column strip for Exterior Positive Moment

Exterior Side
Column strip
0.5375m
0.3583
2 1
6.4
2 1
60
2 1 = 0
94.25%
2 1 > 1
Col. Strip
94.25%
Middle strip
5.75%
Moment
0.108kN-m
Overall width
0.5375m
Moment
0.2 kN-m/m
Width of side
0.80625 m
Total Exterior Positive Moment = 0.16013
Interior Side
1.075m
0.7167
8.5333
60
83.5%
83.5%
16.5%
0.108kN-m
1.075m
0.1 kN-m/m
0.5375 m
At X-Direction
End Span, Slabs with beams between all supports
Left Side
ln
2.8m
l1
2.15m
l2
2.75m
lB=bh^3/12
2.1109 4
lS=bh^3/12
2.3x108 4
2 2
21.48kN-m
Mo=
8
9.3091
Right Side
2.8m
2.15m
2.75m
2109 4
2108 4
21.48kN-m
9.3091
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
X1 = 200mm
Y1 = 400mm
X2 = 100mm
Y2 = 300mm
3
= (1 0.63 )
3
= (1 0.63
200 2003 400

100 1003 300
)(
)(
) + (1 0.63
) = 8.1108 4
400
3
300
3

= 2.2595
2
Based from the NSCP 2010 Code Sec. 413.7.3.3;

Since the kind of slab has beams between all supports, the Interior Neg. Moment is 0.7, the Positive
Moment is 0.63 and the Exterior Neg. Moment is 0.16.
Column strip for Exterior Negative Moment
Left Side
Column strip
1.075m
0.3583
2 1
6.4
2 1
75
2 1 = 0
94.25%
2 1 > 1
Col. Strip
94.25%
Middle strip
5.75%
Moment
0.198kN-m
Overall width
0.5375m
Moment
0.368 kN-m/m
Width of side
0.5375 m
Total Exterior Negative Moment = 0.4476
Right Side
1.075m
0.7167
8.5333
75
83.5%
83.5%
16.5%
0.567kN-m
1.075m
0.528 kN-m/m
0.5375 m
Column strip for Exterior Positive Moment

Left Side
Column strip
1.075m
0.3583
2 1
6.4
2 1
60
2 1 = 0
94.25%
2 1 > 1
Col. Strip
94.25%
Middle strip
5.75%
Moment
0.108kN-m
Overall width
0.5375m
Moment
0.2 kN-m/m
Total Exterior Positive Moment = 0.15012
Right Side
1.075m
0.7167
8.5333
60
83.5%
83.5%
16.5%
0.108kN-m
1.075m
0.1 kN-m/m
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
DESIGN ALONG Z-DIRECTION

For Bottom Bars
Ext. Neg. Moment = 0.1627
d = h cc- .5db = 100 20 - 1.5(12) = 62mm
(0.1627 106 )
=
=
= 0.0002
2
0.91000622 276
1 1 2
1 1 2(9.8396)(0.0002)
=
=
= 0.0002
9.8396
min= 0.0052
Since min is greater than , therefore use min
122
4 = 350.39~350
=
=
0.0052(62)
Smax = 450 or 3h, whichever is lesser.
Since 3h = 3x100,
Therefore; Smax = 200mm
Smax
Since s is greater than Smax, therefore use Smax
Spacing of the bottom bars is 200mm
For Top Bars (z-direction)
For the design of top bars, same procedure with the bottom bars. The only difference is the maximum
moment.
d = h cc- .5db = 100 20 - 1.5(12) = 62mm
(0.16 106 )
=
=
= 0.0002
2
0.91000622 276
1 1 2
1 1 2(9.8396)(0.0002)
=
=
= 0.0002
9.8396
min= 0.0052
122
4 = 350.39~350
=
=
0.0052(62)
Since 3h = 3x100,
Spacing of the top bars is 200mm
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
DESIGN ALONG X-DIRECTION

For Bottom Bars
d = h cc- .5db = 100 20 - 1.5(12) = 62mm
(0.4476 106 )
=
=
= 0.0005
2
0.91000622 276
1 1 2
1 1 2(9.8396)(0.0005)
=
=
= 0.0002
9.8396
min= 0.0052
122
4 = 350.39~350
=
=
0.0052(62)
Since 3h = 3x100,
Spacing of the bottom bars is 200mm
For Top Bars (x-direction)
For the design of top bars, same procedure with the bottom bars. The only difference is the maximum
moment.
d = h cc- .5db = 100 20 - 1.5(12) = 62mm
(0.15 106 )
=
=
= 0.0002
2
0.91000622 276
1 1 2
1 1 2(9.8396)(0.0002)
=
=
= 0.0002
9.8396
min= 0.0052
122
4 = 350.39~350
=
=
0.0052(62)
Since 3h = 3x100,
Spacing of the top bars is 200mm
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
SHEAR
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1. Design the shear reinforcements of the beam shown using 10 mm dia., two
legged stirrups. The beam width is 300 mm and effective depth is 630 mm. Use fc = 24 MPa & Gr. 60
stirrups.
707 2503 500 600
2
7
7
337.86 kN
VAB
VAB
707 2504 600 500
2
7
7
402.14 kN
VBA
VBA
Vc 0.17 f' cbd
0.17(1) 24 300630 10
2 10
AV
157.08 mm 2
4
2
Vc 157.40 kN
3157.08276
433.54 mm
300
630 mm
315 mm (governs) say 300 mm

2
600 mm
s max
s min
433.54
44.248 mm
2 24
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
Designof rightside:
Vmax VBC - WU d
402.14 - 700.63 358.04kN

For minimumshearreinforcement
A V fy d 157.08276630
VS
86.708kN
s
300
VU 0.85157 .40 86 .708 207 .49 kN
x1
VBA - VU 402.14 - 207.49
2.7807m
WU
70
@ distance " d" from support:

s
A Vf yd
VU
VC
157.08276 630 10 -3
358.04
- 157.40
0.85
103.53 mm say 100 mm
use 10 mm, 1 @ 50 mm, rest @ 100 mm
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1. Determine the 2 legged stirrups, 10 mm stirrups, 2h from fixed

support.
WDL = 50 2
PLL = 150 2
WLL = 30 2
fc = 27
PDL = 150 2
Grade 40 rebars, cc = 40 mm.
Main bars = 20 mm.

P
B = 300
h = 600
4m
400 x 400
4m
5m
Solution:
IAB = 44 = 256
IBC = 3 63 = 648
DFBA =
256
4
0.75 256 648
+
4
9
0.75
= 0.4
DFBC = 0.60
WU = (1.4 50) + (1.7 30) = 121
PU= = (1.4 150) + (1.7 80) = 345
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
Fixed End Moments

121 92
MBC =
MB =
12
121 92
12
346 4 52
+
+
92
346 42 5
92
= 1243.91 kNm
= 1158.48 kNm
Final Moments
MB = 1243.91 0.4 = 497.56 kNm
MC = 1158.48 +
0.6
2
(1243.91) = 1531.65 kNm
Shears
VCB =
121 9
497.56 1531.65
9
4 ( 346 )
9
= 813.18 kNm
@ 2h = 2 60 = 1.2m from fixed support

VC =
1
6
27 300 540 10-3 = 140.29 kN
d = 600 40 10
AV = 2
Reqd S =
Min S =
102
4
20
2
= 540 mm
= 157.08 mm2
157.08 276 540

667.98
140.3
0.85
3 157.08 276
2 27 300
10-3 = 36.265 mm
= 41.717 mm > 36.265
Reqd S not allowed. Increase web width!
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
TORSION
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1.
a. Determine Vu and Tu at 0.75h from the fixed support
b. Determine the torsion can be neglected.
c. Determine Tn @ 0.75h from the support.
d. Assuming torsion to be considered, determine if the section is adequate for shear and torsion
Span Length = 7m
Concrete Cover = 50 mm
fc = 20 MPa
4-20 mm main bars
Load: WDL = 10 kPa
WLL = 6 kPa
Gr. 40 bars
10 mm stirrups
Solution:
a. Determine Vu and Tu at 0.75h from the fixed support
Wu = 1.20 {(0.4*0.2 + 0.1*0.8) 24+10*0.10} + 1.60 (6*1.0)
= 26.208 kN/m
0.75*400 = 300 mm
Vu @ 0.75h = 26.208 (7/2 0.30) = 83.866 kN
Tu = 1.20 (0.1*24+10) +(1.60*6)*1.0*0.40 = 9.792 kN/m
Tu @ 0.75h = 9.792 (7/2 0.30) = 31.334 kN-m
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
b. Determine if torsion can be neglected

Formula:
Tu

12
( )
(200 400 + 100 300).2

0.75 1.0 20
{
)
12
200 + 400 + 500 + 100 + 300 + 300
= 1878.918 kN/mm or 1.879 kN/m < 31.334
Torsion must be considered
100 mm
400 mm
300 mm
200 mm
c. Determine Tn @ 0.75h from the support
=
400-2*(50-10) = 290 mm
= 45
Ag = 0.85 Ao h = 0.85*90*290= 22185 mm
=
3.1416
2
4 10 276
150
0.75 2 221 5
= 4809.04 N-mm or 4.809 kN-m
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
a. Assuming torsion to be considered, determine if the section is adequate for shear and torsion.
=
31.334
0.75 2 22.185 276
= 3.41165
d = 400-50-10-20/2 =330 mm
= 0.17
= 0.17 1.0 20 200 300
= 501.770

83.866
50.171
= 0.75
276 330
= 0.67682 s
2At +Av =3.4116s +0.67682s = 7.500s
Required s:
3.14.16
10
4
7.50
= 41.888 <150 mm
INADEQUATE
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.
1. Determine the maximum design Vu and Tu.
2. Determine if torsion needs to be considered.
Stirrup size= 10 mm
Main bar size= 25 mm
WD= 5 kPa (including slab and beam weight)
WL= 3 kPa
Concrete Unit Weight= 24 kN/ m3
PL= 40 kN
fc = 26 MPa
fy= 276 Mpa
1.) WD = 5*1.3+(0.6*0.3+1*0.12)*24= 13.7 kN/m

WU= 1.2*13.7+1.6*3*1.3= 22.68 kN/m
PU= 1.28*100+1.6*40= 184 kN
VA =
22.688
2
4.5
+ 184 [ 8 +
3.54.5
83
(4.5 3.5)]
VA= 199.88 kN
At d distance from A1
d= 600 (40 + 10 +
25
)
2
= 537.5 mm
VU= 199.88 22.68 0.5375 = 187.69 kN

TU= PU e = 184 1.15 = 211.6 kN m
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
TA LA TB LB
LB
=
TA =
T
GJ
GJ
LA B
TA+ TB = TU
TB =
TU
LB
+1
LA
TA= TU
LA TU
LA TA
=T
=
LA +LB
L
L
b tU L
+
L
2
tU=w*e=[1.2(5*1.3+1.3*0.12*24)+1.6*3*1.3]*0.65= 12.046 kN-m/m

4.5
TA= 211.6* 8 +
12.0468
=167.21
2
kN-m
At d distance from A1,

TU=167.21-0.5875*12.046
TU=160.74 kN-m
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
SHORT COLUMNS
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1. Determine the forces Pn and Mn for c=200mm using the section shown below.
fc=24MPa and Gr. 60 bars.
Cc
Cs
Ts
0.85 fc
70
130
200
st
tsc
a 1c 0.85 * 200 170mm

200
C C 0.85 f ' c(ab) 0.85 * 24 *170 * 500 *10 3 1734kN

f st
d c
330 200
* 600
* 600 390MPa
c
200
414MPa
Ts f st As 390 * 4 *
* 25 2 *10 3 765.76kN
4
cd
200 70
f sc
* 600
* 600 390MPa
c
200
414MPa
C s ( f sc 0.85 f ' c) As (390 - 0.85 * 24) * 4 *

F 0
* 25 2 *10 3 725.71kN
Pn 1734 725.71 765.76

Pn 1693.95kN.m
M 0
170
3
Mn (725.71 765.76) * (200 70) 1734 200
*10
2
Mn 393.30kN.m
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2. Determine the values of Pno and Pn for the column section shown below using
the following data:
fc = 28MPa, 10mm ties and concrete cover of 40mm.
Gr. 60 bars, fy = 414 MPa
Axial factored compressive load Pu = 600 kN
Pnx = 2250 kN and Pny = 1300kN
400.00
8-25
400.00
Pno
Pno = 0.85f c Ac + Ast fy
= 0.85(28) [4002 252 (8)] + 252 (8)(414)

4
4
= . .
1 1
1
1
Pn Pnx Pny Pno

Pno 0.65(0.85 f ' cAc As fy )
Pno 0.65(5340.31182)
Pno 3471.2027 kN
0.65 column w/ ties

0.75 column w/ spiral
1
1
1
1
Pn 2250 1300 5340 .312

1
1.4009 x10 3
Pn
Pn 713 .81 kN Pu 600 kN (SAFE! ! )
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3. Determine the required pitch of the 10mm spiral for the column section with a
diameter of 600mm. Use concrete cover of 50mm and main bar diameter of 28mm. fc=30MPa Gr. 60
bars.
Ag 2 f ' c
1 *
s 0.45
Ach
fyt
Ag
D2
(600) 2
4
4
Ag 282743.34mm2
Ac
dc
2
(500) 2
4
4
Ac 196349.54 mm2
Ag
Ac
282743.34
1.44
196349.54
s 0.454[*((110.44
1) *
) ]
4 Asp
d ch s
30
0.014348
414
4
43.791mm
0.01438(550)
43.791 10 33.791
75mm
25mm
Reqd. s=43.791mm
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
LONG COLUMNS
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1. Determine the design forces Pu and Mu. Use K=0.90 (effective length factor)
6 32 bars
M top
12mm lateral ties

l u 6.2m
375mm
M bottom
375mm
SERVICE LOADS
P
750 kN
450 kN
Dead Loads
Live Loads
Mtop (kN-m)
40
68
Mbottom (kN-m)
20
34
Solution
r = 0.3(375) = 112.5 mm
klu 0.9 * 6200
49.6
r
112.5
M1
0.5
M2
34 12(0.5) 40
klu
r
PC
2 *1.0539 x1010
3340.6kN
(0.9 * 6200) 2
Cm
0.4
1.138
P
1 1620
1 u
0.75 * 3340.6
0.75PC
long columns
Cm 0.6 0.9(0.5) 0.4
M u 1.1381.240 1.668 177.47kN m

Pu 1620kN
; M u 177.47kN m
Pu 1.2(750) 1.6(450) 1620kN

1.2(750)
0.55556
1620
Ec 4.7 28 24.870 GPa
0.4 * 1 * 345 4 * 24.870
12
EI
1.0539 x1010 kN mm 2
1 0.55556
Bd
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2. Determine if columns A (300x300) and B (400x400) are long or short under gravity
and earthquake load combination.
7
3
3
5
Beams are 300x600 mm

Column A
Lu = 5.0 0.3 = 4.7m
R = 0.3 x 300 = 90 mm
K=?
= 0
34 33
+
= 5 23 = 0.533
36
8
From nomograph with side sway
1.08 4700
=
= 56.4 > 22
90
Column B
Lu = 9-0.3 = 7.7 m
R = 0.3 x 400 = 120 mm
K=?
= 0
44 44
+
= 8 23 = 1.267
36
7
From nomograph with side sway
1.2 7700
=
= 77 > 22
1200
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.
A. Determine the design forces in the column shown
fc= 20mPa
Gr. 40
B. Determine the tie spacing requirements.
25503
4
DFbc=
= 0.83887
25503 3504
+
4
10
DFba= 0.16113 (Solving for Distribution factor to use in solving the Final Moments)
FEMs:
180
120
]
30
180
120
]
20
Mbc= 42[ 20 +
Mcb= 42[ 30 +
(Solving the FEMs of the given system, will be multiply to DF to get the Final Moments)
Final Moments:
Mb= 208*0.16113=35.515 kN-m (Mu2)
Mc= 192+
0.83887
208=279.24 kN-m
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
M a=
35.515
=16.758
2
kN-m (Mu1)
Pu= Vbc= 6 (2 180 + 120) +

lu= 10,000
500
2
33.515279.24
4
= . (Solving for axial load)
= (lu must be decreased by the half of the beam thickness)
a= 0 (because it is fix)
b=
354
10
25503 /4
= . (using the equation in the 1st example)
From chart of non-sway frames, k= 0.54

r= 0.3*350mm=105mm (for rectangular columns 0.3h)
9750
klu/r= 0.54 105 = . (using the formula for non-sway frames)
1
34 12[2 /1 ] = 34 12 ( 2) = < .
Therefore: LONG COLUMN
1
Cm= 0.6 + 0.4 ( 2) = .

EI=
1
12
470020 3504
2
1+0.7
0.4 = .
6.18461013
PC= ()2 = 2 (0.549750)2 103 =

Cm
=
= . < 1.0
Pu
1
0.75Pc
Therefore:
= .
Therefore the design forces are:
Pu= 258.57 kN
Mu1= 16.758 kN-m
Mu2= 33.515 kN-m
B. Required spacing of 10mmties
16db=16 20 = ()
48dbt=48 10 = 480
Least column dimension= 350mm (rounding it up to the nearest 50)
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1. A cantilever beam is reinforced with four 28-mm diameter bar with fy = 276 MPa.
Use fc = 27.6 MPa and assume side, top, and bottom cover to be greater than 65mm. Determine the
required development length if a 90 hook is used.
Using the Eq.1.8-1 from the development of standard hooks in tension and the modification factor no. 1
we will solve for the development length of standard hooks. Then check for ldh limits,
Using a 90 hook:
= .24

ldh = (0.24*1*276/1 27.6)*28

ldh = 353.04mm
which ldh shall not be less than 8db which is 224mm or less than 150mm.
Modification factor for 90 hook (NSCP 2010 Sec. 412.6.3)
m = 0.70
Required development length, ldh = 353.04*0.70
Required development length, ldh = 247.13, say ldh = 250mm
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2. A rectangular beam having a width of 400 mm has an effective depth of 535 mm.
It is reinforced with 3-28 mm bars extend 100 mm past the centerline of supports.
= 1.0 (bottom bars), = 1.0 (uncoated reinforced), = 1.0 (normal weight concrete). The beam
carries a factored uniform load of Vu = 117 kN/m. The beam has a span between supports equal 6m.
Using fc = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414.7 MPa.
a.) Compute the required development length.
b.) Compute the nominal moment capacity of the beam.
c.) Compute the furnished development length and indicate if it is properly anchored at the
support or not.
Wu = 117 kN/m
3-28 mm
2-28 mm
a.) We can compute for the development length by using

the Formula (see NSCP 412.3.2) given below and the factor
that you can found in NSCP 412.3.4.Since the diameter of
the bar is larger than 25 mm, we will use the formula in the
table in that can see in NSCP.
3-28 mm
= 1.0
= 1.0
= 1.0
Ld = 3fy =
db
5 fc
9 (414.7) (1) (1) (1)

10 20.7
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
The db is the diameter of the bar which is 28 mm. Substitute it

And we can get the development length.
Ld = 54.69
db
Ld = 54.69 (28)
Then, the value of development length will be:
Ld = 1531.29 mm
b.) Nominal moment capacity:

At first we must compute for the area in order to compute the moment capacity.
As = (28)2 (3) = 1847 mm2
4
T=Asfy
And the, we can now compute for the value of a.
T = 0.85fcab
Asfy = 0.85fcab
1847 (414.7) = 0.85(20.7) (a) (400)
a = 108.83 mm
By getting the unknown value, we can now substitute it to compute for the moment capacity of the
reinforced concrete.
Mn = Asfy (d a/2)
Mn = 1847(414.7)(535 108.83/2)
Mn = 368 x 106 kN.m. (nominal moment strength).
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013
c.) Furnished development length:

In getting the furnished development, we must got first the shear value to substitute in the formula.
Vu = WL/2
=117(6) = 3541 kN
2
We use 1.3 because we must increase 30 percent in the value Mn/Vu when the ends of reinforcement
are confined by a compressive reaction. It must not greater than the development that we computed for
us to say it was properly anchored.
Ld < 1.3Mn + La
Vu
Ld < 1.3(368) + 0.100
351
Ld < 1.463 mm
1531.29 mm > 1463 mm (not ok!)
The furnished development length is less than the required development length and because of this we
can say that the beam is not properly anchored at the supports.
EXAMPLES
Copyright 2013

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EXAMPLES

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

Cantilever M= 8.4482 x (1.0879)2/2

FEMs= 12 (8.4482)(6.5278)2 = 30.000

Point of zero shear:

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

Sample No. 2 Determine the moment at point c.

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

k = 0.175 + (0.1752 ) + 2(0.175)

c = k d = 0.44195 x 400 = 176.78

Due to Concrete: Mcap =

Due to Steel: Mcap =

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

Due to Concrete: Mcap =

Due to Steel: Mcap =

Due to Concrete: Mcap =

Due to Steel: Mcap =

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

= 2.08334 + 2(2.08334 w 3.4 w)(0.51613) = 1.74355 w

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

Solve for As and As,

(2 1) = [(27) 1] 1472.6 = 1914.4 2

= (2 1) + = (19144 75) + (21375 595) = 14153925

Substitute A, B and C on the equation for c, we obtain

40519+ 405192 +4(180+14153925)

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

+ 21375(370.39)2 + 1914.4(114.61) = 4582.3106 4

Ec = 4700 = 470035 = 27806

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

therefore : irregular section

B 100(200) 12566 32566mm 2

Therefore Mcap 86.667 kNm

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

ONE WAY SLAB

Reqd thickness= 129.17[0.4 + 700]

Mu =12 (15.796)(2.9)2 = 11.070

X=0.91000 (0.0852 )276 = 0.03363

Reqd s= 4(0.0089822)(85) = 102.87 ( 100)

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

1. Spans are more than two.

3. Convert Floor Load to Uniform Load:

Weight of Stringer = 24 * 0.2 * 0.5

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

Loading for 8m span:

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Engr. ALBERTO C. CAETE

1.) WD = 51.3+(0.60.3+10.12)24= 13.7 kN/m