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How to Format
Citations and
References

How to Format Citations

! If you are referring to a whole work (book/
article/webpage):

! Conway (2000) in his book on object oriented perl

states..... OR
! A well known author of object oriented perl
techniques states that.....(Conway 2000).

If you are only referring to a specific page

(usually for a direct quote or specific
discussion of an idea):
! It is claimed that "object oriented perl is
fantastic" (Conway 2000, 32).

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How to Format Citations

! If there are two authors:

! Other models have been constructed for the Furness

Abbey (Delooze and Wood 1991)....

If there are multiple (more than two) authors:

! This paper (Codish et al, 2000) discusses the theory of

improving program analyses using a variety of
methodologies.

If there are no authors (shorten the title if it is

too long, but make sure it is still clearly
identifiable):

! This article ("New wireless LAN vulnerabilities uncovered"

2001) claims that....

How to Format References:

! Books:

! The information needed for the reference list is written in the

following order:
!
!
!
!
!
!

Author's surname and initials or given name

Year of publication (in brackets)
Title of book (in italics if word processed; underlined if handwritten)
Edition, if given
Publisher
Place of publication

Examples:

! Conway, D. (2000), Object oriented perl - A comprehensive guide

to concepts and programming techniques, Manning Publications
Co., Connecticut, USA.
! Jezequel, J.M., Train, M. & Mingins, C. (2000), Design patterns and
contracts, Addison Wesley Longman Inc., Reading, USA.

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How to Format References:

! Journal articles:

! The information needed for the reference list is written in the

following order:
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Author's surname and initials or given name

Year of publication (in brackets)
Title of article (in quotation marks)
Title of journal (in italics if word processed; underlined if handwritten)
Volume number
Issue number, if given
First and last pages of article

Examples:

! Codish, M., Marriott, K. & Taboch, C. (2000), "Improving program

analyses by structure untupling", Journal of Logic Programming,
vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 251-263.
! Meyer, B. (2000), "A constraint-based framework for diagrammatic
reasoning", Applied Artificial Intelligence, vol. 14, no. 4, pp.
327-344.

How to Format References:

! Web site - known author:

! The information needed in the reference list is written in

the following order:
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Author/editor's surname and initials or given name

Date (in brackets)
Title of page (in quotation marks)
Title of site
online (in square brackets)
Available: URL
Accessed Date (in square brackets)

Example:

! Johnston, J. (2000, Aug. 21), "Damian Conway talks shop",

Perl.com Newsletter [online], Available: http://
www.perl.com/pub/a/2000/08/conway.html [Accessed 8
August 2001].

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How to Format References:

! Web site - no author:

! The information needed in the reference list is written in

the following order:
!
!
!
!
!
!

Title of page (in quotation marks)

Date (in brackets)
Title of site
online (in square brackets)
Available: URL
Accessed Date (in square brackets)

Example:

! "New wireless LAN vulnerabilities uncovered" (13 August

2001) The Age [online], Available: http://
it.mycareer.com.au/breaking/2001/08/13/
FFXS2W25BQC.html [Accessed 14 August 2001].

How to Format References:

! E-journal article:

! The information needed in the reference list is written in the following

order:
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Author's (Authors') surname and initials or given name

Title of article (in quotation marks)
Title of journal in full (in italics if word processed; underlined if handwritten)
online (in square brackets)
Volume
issue or part
first and last pages of the article
Available: URL
Accessed: Access date (in square brackets)

Example:

! Codish, M., Marriott, K. & Taboch, C. (2000), "Improving program analyses

by structure untupling", Journal of Logic Programming [online] vol. 43, no.
3, pp. 251-263, Available: http://ezproxy.lib.monash.edu.au:2048/login?
url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07431066, [Accessed
14 August 2001].

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How to Format References:

! Newspaper article:

! The information needed in the reference list is written in

the following order:

Author's (Authors') surname and initials or given name

Year (in brackets)
Title of article (in quotation marks)
Title of newspaper in full (in italics if word processed; underli
ned if handwritten)
! Date (eg. day month, 30th March)
! page number (eg. p.5, pp. 2-3)
!
!
!
!

Example:

! Jackson, A. (2003), "Killer illness sweeping region sparks

alert", The Age, 17th March, p. 1.

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