Jaipur The Pink city

Sawai Jai Singh(1727)

INTRODUCTION
Jaipur was the first planned city of India
Jaipur was the capital of the desert state of Rajasthan,
it has the rightful blend of rich heritage monuments,
palaces ,lakes and gardens with the modern buildings
and shopping arcades.
Total area

480 sq. km

Population - 23,24,319 [2001]

Location - Extends from latitude 26.55 in the north to
Longitude 75.52 in the east.
Climate - The climate is extreme hot & humid summers
and chilly winters

HISTORY OF JAIPUR
Jaipur, the pink city was founded in 1727 by Maharaja
Jai Singh II, a Kachhwaha Rajput, who ruled from 16991744. Initially his capital was Amber, which lies at a
distance of 11kms from Jaipur. He felt the need of
shifting his capital city with the increase in population
and growing scarcity of water.
Original plan of Jaipur City was prepared probably by
Sawai Jai Singh himself and Vidyadhar Chief Assistant
of Sawai Jai Singh helped him in this town planning.

In 19th cent. Maharaja Ram Singh tried to renovate

the city and had all the buildings facing the main roads
were painted pink. He tried to colour the streets in
different colour such as green, yellow, pink, etc. and

SITE
The geographical setting of the city played a very
important role in the overall development of the city.
The land profiles, slopes and the relief have been
responsible for shaping the city in its existing form.

The presence of hill ranges towards the north and

the north-east directed the city growth towards the
south and south-west directions.
The site chosen to the south of the existing town of
Amer
The hill on the north west had the fort Jaigarh which
remained the place of final retreat.

The location of ridges and its inclination of 15

degrees was a determining factor for the layout of the
streets. The inclination of the city at 15 degrees could

DEVELOPMENT OF SITE

The site has been

developed as a mandala

The plan of Jaipur City was

very simple. It is built on a
regular and scientific town
planning with roads
intersection each other at
right angles forming wards,
which are again divided in
smaller blocks by streets and
lanes the wider streets being
alternated by narrower ones,
has produced a pattern of its
kind not only in India but even
outsides.

Basic Plan of Jaipur City

Accommodating the
western and eastern
adjustments

Wall around
the city
Chaupors &Main

Connecting roads

WALLED-CITY STRUCTURES
The city was encompassed by a wall 9m high and
2,74m thick and had seven gates or Darwazas.
The Pink City of India has been divided into nine blocks
or chowkris each of size 900m x 1000m, of which two
are kept for the City Palace complex gardens and other
state buildings, merged into one whereas the other
seven blocks were earmarked for the public. This
orthogonal cluster had two major roads running east,
west,north, south.

The main street dividing the area into wards(chowkis)

and crossroads (chaupar).

 The extreme length of the east-west axis is 3 Km

named Bazaar, making it ideally suit for the
pedestrian movement connecting Surajpol and
Chandpol is on the ridge and the north-south
road which forms the sector boundaries is 33m
wide. There is a network of 18m wide roads which
run north-south with in the sector and a further
grid of 4.5m roads.

ARCHITECTURE
The architecture of Jaipur is not
different from the common style of Indian
architecture, but it has it own peculiarities
developed through the use of very fine
mortar the like which is not found else
where in India. The particular features
of Jaipur architecture are; the tapering
columns, scalloped as well as plain pointed
arches, brackets and balconies or Jharokhas,
squat domes, square, octagonal and
rectangular,curvilinear domes and Chajjas
pillared and domes Chattatries portico or the Taj with portal
seats, easy ramps instead of steps, gigantic gateways,
spacious
Mandapas' or assembly halls in temples, high basement,

RESIDENTIAL STYLE
The plans were symmetrical about an axis.
The well articulated entry from the street opened onto
a courtyard through an indirect access.
Courtyard usually square in shape.
The facades were massive with few and small
openings to prevent the glare.

Jharokha, cusped arches, foliated columns are the

elements of Rajasthani buildings.

DIVISION OF LAND USE

62%

Residential

12%

Circulation,

8%

Public space,

2%

Recreation & Stadium,

2%

Government,

10%

Industry

4%

Commercial.

INFRASTRUCTURE
Electricity

Water
Transport

Communication facilities
Educational facilities/institutions
Industry

WATER
The major rivers passing through the Jaipur
district are Banas and Banganga.
Ground water resources to the extent of about
28.65 million cubic meter are available in the district.
Although serious drought is rare, poor water
management and exploitation of groundwater with
extensive tube-well systems threatens agriculture in
some areas.
The city has adequate water supply with an
availability corresponding to126.5 covering more
than 86.5% population.

However, on account of a high UFW (unaccounted

for water) of 44%, the net water supply gets reduced to
82icpd.
The main source of water is ground water, which is
fast depleting (at the rate of 3m/annum) as a result of
growing population pressure.
The water quality is also deteriorating due to
disposal of sewerage using soak-pits. The operation
and maintenance expenditure on water-supply is high

TRANSPORT
ROADWAYS:
The National Highway No.8 links Delhi to Ahmedabad and No.11, linking
Bikaner to Agra passes through Jaipur district to a total length of 366
km. The total length of different types of roads in the district was about
4,102 km as of March 2000.
RAILWAYS:
Jaipur district is connected with rail route to Sri Ganganagar, Ajmer,
Udaipur and Sirohi. Jaipur is also connected with major centres of
neighbouring states such as Agra {U.P} Ahmedabad (Gujarat) and Delhi.
AIRWAYS:
Jaipur has domestic air links with Jodhpur, Udaipur, Aurangabad, Delhi,
Mumbai, and internationally with London, Dublin and Dubai.

LOCAL TRANSPORT: Auto-rickshaws, buses, cycle-rickshaw. The

Rajasthan State Roadways operates regular bus service to Amer Palace
and round the city.

COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
Post offices

599

Telegraph offices

143

Telecom centers

PCO

9859

Telephone exchanges 150

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES/INSTITUTIONS
University of Rajasthan having more than 45
Colleges,
2 Agricultural colleges,
2 Engineering colleges,
1 Polytechnic colleges,
1 Medical colleges,
554 Secondary & higher secondary schools,
1,460 Higher primary schools,
2,905 Primary schools,
2 ITIs,
2 Agricultural research centre

INDUSTRIES
Jaipur falls in a rich mineral belt of marble, precious and
semi precious stones, which makes it a unique marketplace
for both raw and finished products.

Jewellery of precious and semi-precious stones .

Jaipur is world famous for gold and silver jewellery made in
the Kundan and Meenakari traditions.

For Miniature paintings

ECONOMY
According to occupation structure three major activities of
Jaipur are the service sector, industry trade and commerce.
The walled city accounts for 54% of the total commercial
area of the city and employs 32% of the total workforce of
the city.

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS
These are the some important building in Jaipur
1. THE MUSEUM The Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II Museum was established in 1959.
The success, the achievements of the Maharajas are still the
source of inspiration for common people. The sole aim of the
museum is to portray the victory and achievements of the
Maharajas and educate people of both India and abroad and feel
proud of those. The collection of the museum includes
decorative are objects of historical importance.
Presently there are three galleries in the museum.

CITY PALACE JAIPUR

Location: Next to the renowned Hawa Mahal

Built by: Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh
City Palace forms one of the most famous tourist attractions and a
major landmark in Jaipur. The beautiful palace was built by
Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh during his reign. Among the various
forts and palaces of Jaipur, City Palace stands apart, with its
outstanding art and architecture. City Palace complex covers a
huge area, which is divided into a series of gardens, courtyards
and buildings. Initially, Raja Jai Singh built the outer wall
occupying a huge area. The additional grand buildings were
constructed later by the succeeding rulers

HAWA MAHAL

Location: Next to the entrance of City Palace

Built by: Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh
Built in:
1799
Highlights: Its Rajputana architecture
Hawa Mahal is a pyramid-shaped facade with five stories. It has 953
small
windows decorated with tiny lattice work. These pink sandstone
windows
commonly known as "Jharokhas" are constructed in such a style, that
it looks
like a giant honeycomb.
The air circulation through windows
represents the marvelous touch of
Mughal designing, which keeps the
Palace always cool. The small
screened balconies and arched
roofs with hanging cornices enhance
the beauty of the Palace. The

GAITORE Gaitore is situated on the Jaipur-Amber road, about 15 kms from

Jaipur. Gaitore is a royal cremation site of the majestic rulers of
Jaipur. There is a cenotaph for each Maharaja, built in his honor.
These royal cenotaphs of the Maharajas are commonly known as
'Chhatris'.

JAIGARH FORT
Jaigarh Fort is located on the top of the hill, by the name of Cheel ka
Teela (Hill of Eagles). Jaigarh Fort is also known as the 'Victory Fort',
located at a comfortable distance of 15kms from Jaipur. Jaigarh Fort
is considered as one of the spectacular forts in India.

JANTAR MANTAR
Jantar Mantar at Jaipur is the largest stone observatory in the World
and this feature makes it, a special destination for a traveler. Jantar
Mantar of Jaipur is one of the five astronomical observatories built by
Maharaja Jai Singh, the founder of Jaipur.

NAHARGARH FORT
Nahargarh Fort is the first of the three forts built by Maharaja Jai
Sawai Singh of Jaipur. The Fort stands at the top of rugged point of
the Aravalis and offers a spectacular view of the City. Keeping this
fact in mind, the fort was made to serve as a means of supporting
the security of Amer.
STATUE CIRCLE
Statue Circle forms a major landmark of Jaipur. It is situated on a
busy crossing of the city. Statue Circle has got its name from the
statue, which it portrays. Statue Circle comprises the statue of King
Sawai Jai Singh, the founder of Jaipur.

SHOPPING CENTERS
Jaipur is a land of vibrant colors and exceptional artistry. Jaipur
has a number of bazaars or markets each specializing in particular
items. Some of the well known bazaars of Jaipur are Johari Bazaar
Jaipur is well known for its jewelry especially precious and semiprecious stones. Johari Bazaar is the best place to buy traditional
Rajasthani jewelry.
Bapu Bazaar and NehruBazaar
Bapu Bazaar and Nehru Bazaar is famous for its Mojri footwear
which is made up of camel leather and is artistically designed and
embroidered.

Kishanpol Bazaar
Located parallel to Baba Harish Chandra Marg and Chaura Rasta,
Kishanpol Bazaar is famous for its textiles and wooden furniture.
Bandhani textiles are available here.

Tripolia Bazaar
Tripolia Bazaar, known for ironware, brassware and carpets is
situated between Manak Chowk and Chhoti Chaupar. Other items
available here are traditionally designed trinkets, utensils, rugs and
many more household items.

Khazana Walo ka Rasta

Khazana Walo ka Rasta is famous for selling different kinds of
sculptures. It is situated parallel to Baba Harish Chandra Marg.