All you have to know about the adjective

Adjectives are related to a noun. Mnemonic: The Adjective has always something to do with a
subject or an object of a sentence. So, an adjective is ein Wort, das die Eigenschaft eines
Substantivs beschreibt
(e.g.: the blue car > blue is an adjective because it is an attribute to car)
! Attention ! An adjective can also be used as a part of a verb (mostly of the verb to be)
(the car is blue > blue is also an adjective because it is related to the verb is which is a form of
to be !)
! Attention again ! Adjectives can also be used as nouns.
(The blind have a special reading system > blind is an adjective which is here used as a noun)
Be careful if you use such constructions. If you want to say, for example, Das Gute an der Sache
war.... then you have to say the good thing about it was..... Only the good means Das Gute
in the sense of something abstract, e.g.: Das Gute im Menschen.....
The comparison of adjectives
If the adjective has one syllable or if the adjective has two syllables and ends with -er, -le,
-ow or -y then:
first level of comparison with -er, second level with -est:
Low > lower > lowest
Clever > cleverer > cleverest
Gentle > gentler > gentlest
Narrow > narrower > narrowest
Filthy > filthier > filthiest

or

new > newer > newest

In all other cases: comparison with more and most

Interesting > more interesting > most interesting
! Attention Attention Attention ! Here are the most common irregular comparisons:
good > better > best
well > better > best
bad > worse > worst
little (klein) > smaller > smallest little (wenig) > less > least much > more > most
many > more > most
far > further > furthest

All you have to know about the adverb

An adverb modifies a verb. It always ends with an -ly. So just add an -ly ending to the adjective
and you have the adverb (e.g.: nice > nicely).
! Attention 1! If the adjective already ends with an -ly (e.g.: friendly) then you form the adverb
with in a ....... way (e.g.: She smiled at me in a friendly way).
! Attention 2! There are some adverbs that do not have an -ly ending. For example,
soon, fast, there, here, now are already adverbs. So you cant put an -ly on them. There is no
Soonly, fastly, therely, herely, nowly. Both the adjective and the adverb are soon, fast etc.
! Attention 3! Some adjectives have two adverb forms. Often the two possible adverb forms have
two different meanings. The most common examples:
1. Hard > hard (=hart; I work hard Ich arbeite hart) AND hardly (=kaum; I work hardly. Ich
arbeite kaum)
2. Fair > fair (=gerecht) AND fairly (=ziemlich; The lake is fairly deep. Der See ist ziemlich tief)
3. Deep > deep (=tief) AND deeply (=zutiefst; I am deeply concerned. Ich bin zutiefst beunruhigt)
4. Pretty > prettily (= hbsch; She plays the piano prettily. She spielt schn/hbsch Klavier) AND
pretty (=ziemlich; They run pretty fast. Sie rennen ziemlich schnell)
5. late > late (=spt; He comes late. Er kommt spt) AND lately (=in letzter Zeit; He comes late
lately. Er kommt spt in letzter Zeit)
6. ready > ready (= fertig) AND readily (=bereitwillig; You learn English readily. Ihr lernt
bereitwillig Englisch )
! Attention 4! After verbs of perception there is never an adverb except the organs of perception
really do something:
smell: Fish smells terrible.(Fisch riecht furchtbar, kein Adverb, also nicht terribly!) BUT: I can
smell terribly well. (Ich kann furchtbar gut riechen, hier Adverb, weil das Sinnesorgan wirklich
was macht!)
look: You look pretty. (du siehst gut aus, kein Adverb) BUT: Dont look directly into the sun.
(Sieh nicht direkt in die Sonne, hier dann Adverb)
the same with: to feel (fhlen oder ertasten), to sound (klingen oder hren), to taste (etwas
schmeckt oder ich schmecke etwas)
! Attention 5! After verbs that describe a status there is never an adverb. The following are the most
common verbs of status:
to be to become/to get/to grow/to turn (werden) to remain/to stay (bleiben) to seem (scheinen)
She is pretty.
You turned sad.
He remains silent.
I seem to be ill.
The comparison of adverbs
Everything that ends with -ly you compare with more and most:
readily > more readily > most readily,
everything else with -er and -est: fast > faster > fastest