Electromagnetic - Theory - NET-JRF June 2011-Dec 2014

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES
ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
JRF/NET(JUNE-2011)
Q1.
The electrostatic potential V(x, y) in free space in a region where the charge density is
zero is given by V x, y 4e 2 x f x 3 y 2 . Given that the x-component of the electric
field Ex, and V are zero at the origin, f(x) is
Ans:
(a) 3x 2 4e 2 x 8x
(b) 3x 2 4e 2 x 16 x
(c) 4e 2 x 8
(d) 3x 2 4e 2 x
(d)
Solution: V 4e 2 x f x 3 y 2 . Since 0 2V 0 16 e 2 x f x 6 0 .
Since E x 0 at origin E V Ex 8e 2 x f x
E x 0, 0 8 f 0 0 f 0 8 .
Since V 0, 0 0 4 f 0 0 f 0 4
Solve equation 16 e 2 x f x 6 0 f x 6 16 e 2 x f x 6 x 8e 2 x c1 , since
f 0 8 c1 0 .
Again Integrate f x 6 x 8e 2 x f x 3x 2 4e 2 x c 2
since f 0 4 c2 0 . Thus f x 3x 2 4e 2 x
Q2.

For constant uniform electric and magnetic field E E0 and B B0 , it is possible to
choose a gauge such that the scalar potential and vector potential A are given by
1
(a) 0 and A B0 r
2

(c) E0 r and A 0
Ans:
1

(b) E0 r and A B0 r
2
(d) 0 and A E0 t
(a)
Solution: Let E E0 x y z and B B0 x y z since they are constant vector.

V
Lorentz Gauge condition is A 0 0
t
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sinceB r B z yx B z xy B y xz
(a)
(c)
Q3.
0 and A 0
t

0 and A 0
t
0, and A 0
t

0 and A 0
t
(b)
(d)
A plane electromagnetic wave is propagating in a lossless dielectric. The electric field is

given by
Ex, y, z, t E0 x Az exp ik0 ct x 3z ,

where c is the speed of light in vacuum, E0, A and k0 are constant and x and z are unit
vectors along the x- and z-axes. The relative dielectric constant of the medium r and the
constant A are
1
3
(a) r 4 and A
(b) r 4 and A
(c) r 4 and A 3
Ans:
1
3
(d) r 4 and A 3
(a)
Solution: Ex, y, z, t E0 x Az exp ik0 ct x 3z .
Comparing with term e i k r t k k 0 x 3z and k 0 c .
Since v
k0c
k 02 3k 02
c
Refractive index n r 2 r 4.
2
Since k n 0 k 0 x 3z x Az 0 k 0 1 A 3 0 A
Q4.
A static, spherically symmetric charge distribution is given by r
1
3
A Kr
where A and
e
r
K are positive constants. The electrostatic potential corresponding to this charge

distribution varies with r as
(a) re Kr
(b)
1 Kr
re
r
(c)
1 Kr
re
r2
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(d)
1
1 e Kr
r
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Ans:
(b)
Solution: since 2V / 0
2V must be proportional to
Q5.
1 2 V
A kr
e where 2V 2
r
.
r r r
r
The magnetic field of the TE11 mode of a rectangular waveguide of dimensions a b as

shown in the figure is given by H z H 1 cos0.3 x cos0.4 y , where x and y are in cm.
x
y
A. The dimensions of the waveguide are
Ans:
(a) a = 3.33 cm, b = 2.50 cm
(b) a = 0.40 cm, b = 0.30 cm
(c) a = 0.80 cm, b = 0.60 cm
(d) a = 1.66 cm, b = 1.25 cm
(a)
Solution: Since H z H 0 cos0.3x cos0.4y
m
n
0.3 where m 1 and
0.4
a
b
where n 1
a 3.33cm, b 2.50cm
B. The entire range of frequencies f for which the TE11 mode will propagate is
Ans:
(a) 6.0 GHz < f < 7.5 GHz
(b) 7.5 GHz < f < 9.0 GHz
(c) 7.5 GHz < f < 12.0 GHz
(d) 7.5 GHz < f
(d)
2
Solution: f m, n
c 1
1
c m n
2 7.5 GH z .
f1,1
2
2 a
b
2 a b
For propagation, frequency of incident wave must be greater than cutoff frequency.
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JRF/NET-(DEC-2011)
Q6.
Consider three polarizers P1, P2 and P3 placed along an axis as shown in the figure.
P2
P1
P3
(unpolarized)
I0
The pass axis of P1 and P3 are at right angles to each other while the pass axis of P2
makes an angle with that of P1. A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I0 is incident
on P1 as shown. The intensity of light emerging from P3 is
(a) 0
Ans:
(b)
I0
2
(c)
I0
sin 2 2
8
(d)
I0
sin 2 2
4
(c)
Solution: I I 0 cos 2 (Malus Law)

I1
Q7.
I0
,
2
I2
I0
cos2 ,
2
I3
I0
I
cos2 cos2 90 0 sin 2 2 .
2
8
Four equal point charges are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square. How many neutral
points (i.e. points where the electric field vanishes) will be found inside the square?
(a) 1
Ans:
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 7
(a)
Solution: Inside the square, there is only one point where field vanishes.
Q8.
A static charge distribution gives rise to an electric field of the form E 1 e r / R
rr
where and R are positive constants. The charge contained within a sphere of radius R,
centred at the origin is
(a) 0
Ans:
e
R2
(b) 0
e2
R2
(c) 4 0
R
e
(d) 0
R2
e
None of the options given are correct
2

r
Solution: Qenc 0 E da 0 1 e r / R 2 r 2 sin ddr 0 1 e r / R sin dd
r
0 0
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1
at r R , Qenc 4 0 1 . So none of the options given are correct.
e
Q9.
In a Youngs double slit interference experiment, the slits are at a distance 2L from each
other and the screen is at a distance D from the slits. If a glass slab of refractive index
and thickness d is placed in the path of one of the beams, the minimum value of d for the
central fringe to be dark is
(a)
Ans:
(b)
D L
2
1L
(d)
2 1
(d)
Solution: For central fringe to be dark, 1d

Q10.
(c)
d
2
2 1
Consider a solenoid of radius R with n turns per unit length, in which a time dependent
current I = I0 sint (where R/c << 1) flows. The magnitude of the electric field at a
perpendicular distance r < R from the axis of symmetry of the solenoid, is
(a) 0
Ans:
(b)
1
0 nI 0 R 2 cost
2r
(c)
1
0 nI 0 r sin t
2
(d)
1
0 nI 0 r cost
2
(d)
Solution:
B nI t z .

B
E
dl t da ;
dI
E 2r 0 n
dt
2r dr 0 n I 0 cost
r 0
2r 2
2
1
E 0 nI 0 r cost
2
Q11.
A constant electric current I in an infinitely long straight wire is suddenly switched on at t

= 0. The vector potential at a perpendicular distance r from the wire is given
by A
(a) 0
k 0 I 1
ln ct c 2 t 2 r 2
2
r
(b)
0 I 1
i j
2 t 2
. The electric field at a distance r (< ct) is
(c)
c 0 I
2 c t r
2 2
1
ij
2
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(d)
c 0 I
2 c t r
2 2
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Ans:
(d)
I
A
A
r
E 0
Solution: E
t
t
2 ct c 2 t 2 r 2
c 0 I
2 c 2 t 2 r 2
1
2c 2 t
c
2 c 2t 2 r 2
r
k
JRF/NET-(JUNE-2012)
Q12.
1 10
The magnetic field corresponding to the vector potential A F r 3 r where F is

2
r
a constant vector, is
Ans:
30
(c) F 4 r
r
(b) F
(a) F
30
(d) F 4 r
r
(a)
r
Solution: B A F r 10 3 . Since F is a constant vector, let
2
r
F F0 x y z , F r F0
x
x
x
z y F0
F0
F0 x z y F0 y z x F0 z y x F0
y
x z F0
xF0 F0 y F0 F0 zF0 F0 2 F0 x y z
z
y x F0
r
1
F r F0 x y z F , 3 0 . Thus B F
2
r

F r
Q13.
An electromagnetic wave is incident on a water-air interface. The phase of the

perpendicular component of the electric field, E , of the reflected wave into the water is
found to remain the same for all angles of incidence. The phase of the magnetic field H
Ans:
(a) does not change
(b) changes by 3/2
(c) changes by /2
(d) changes by
(d)
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Q14.
The magnetic field at a distance R from a long straight wire carrying a steady current I is
proportional to
(b) I /R2
(a) IR
(c) I2/R2
Ans:
(d)
Q15.
Which of the following questions is Lorentz invariant?

(a) E B
(b) E B
(d) I / R
(c) E B
(d) E B
Ans:
(b)
Q16.
Charges Q, Q and -2Q are placed on the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of sides
of length a, as shown in the figure. The dipole moment of this configuration of charges,
irrespective of the chice of origin, is
- 2Q
C
(a) 2aQ i
(b) 3aQ j
A
Q
(c) 3aQ j
(d) 0
Ans:
B
Q
(c)
Solution: Let coordinates of A is (l, m), then

a
3a
j
p qi ri Q li mj Q l a i mj 2Q l i m
2
2
p Q li mj Q l a i mj Q 2l a i 2m 3a j p 3aQj
Q17.
The vector potential A due to a magnetic moment m at a point r is given by A
mr
.
r3
If m is directed along the positive z-axis, the x-component of the magnetic field, at the
point r , is
(a)
Ans:
3myz
r5
(b)
3mxy
r5
(c)
3mxz
r5
(d)
3mz 2 xy
r5
(c)
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1
B A 3 2 cosr sin 3 3m r r m
r
r
3mxz
xx yy zz r
Bx 5
B 3 3mz
mz
r
r
r
Solution: m mz and
JRF/NET-(DEC-2012)
Q18.
Three charges are located on the circumference of a circle of radius R as shown in the
figure below. The two charges Q subtend an angle 90 at the centre
of the circle. The charge q is symmetrically placed with respect to

the charges Q. If the electric field at the centre of the circle is zero,
what is the magnitude of Q?
(a) q / 2
Ans:
2q
(b)
(c) 2q
(d) 4q
(a)
Solution: E1 E 2
Q
1 q
and E3
2
4 0 R
4 0 R 2
Resultant of E1 and E 2 is E E12 E22 2E1 , Thus E3 E Q

Q19.
q
2
Consider a hollow charged shell of inner radius a and outer radius b. The volume charge
density is r
k
(k is constant) in the region a < r < b. The magnitude of the electric
r2
field produced at distance r > a is
Ans:
(a)
k b a
for all r > a ,
0r 2
(b)
k b a
kb
for a < r < b and
for r > b
2
0r
0r 2
(c)
k r a
k b a
for a < r < b and
for r > b
2
0r
0r 2
(d)
k r a
k b a
for a < r < b and
for r > b
2
0a
0r 2
(c)
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Solution: For r < a

1
1
1 k 2
2
dV
r sin drdd
E.da E(4r ) Qenc
0
0
0 r 2
k ra
4k r
4k
E(4r 2 )
(r a) E
r
a dr
0
0
0 r 2
For r > a
k b a
4k b
4k
(b a) E
r
a dr
0
0
0 r 2
Consider the interference of two coherent electromagnetic waves whose electric field
vectors are given by E1 iE0 cos t and E2 jE0 cos t where is the phase
E4r 2
Q20.
difference. The intensity of the resulting wave is given by
0
2
E 2 , where E 2
is the
time average of E2. The total intensity is

(a) 0
Ans:
(b) 0 E 02
(c) 0 E 02 sin 2
(d) 0 E 02 cos 2
(a)
Solution: Since waves are polarized in perpendicular direction hence there will be no
interference.
Q21.
Four charges (two + q and two q) are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square of side a
as shown. At the point P which is at a distance R
from the centre (R >> a), the potential is

proportional to
Ans:
(a) 1/R
(b) 1/R2
(c) 1/R3
(d) 1/R4
(c)
Solution: Given configuration is quadrupole.

Q22.
A point charges q of mass m is kept at a distance d below a grounded infinite conducting

sheet which lies in the xy - plane. For what value of d will the charge remains stationary?
(a) q / 4 mg 0
(b) q / mg 0
(c) There is no finite value of d
(d)
mg 0 / q
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Ans:
(a)
Solution: There is attractive force between point charge q and grounded conducting sheet that
can be calculate from method of images i.e.
Q23.
q2
mg d
4 0 2d
q
4 mg 0
An infinite solenoid with its axis of symmetry along the z-direction carries a steady
current I.
The vector potential A at a distance R from the axis
(a) is constant inside and varies as R outside the solenoid
(b) varies as R inside and is constant outside the solenoid

(c) varies as
1
inside and as R outside the solenoid
R
(d) varies as R inside and as
1
outside the solenoid
R
Ans:
(d)
Q24.
Consider an infinite conducting sheet in the xy-plane with a time dependent current
density Kt i , where K is a constant. The vector potential at
by A
(a)
Ans:
0 K
4c
ct z 2 i . The magnetic field
0 Kt
j
2
(b)
0 Kz
j
2c
x, y , z
is given
B is
(c)
0 K
2c
ct z i
(d)
0 K
2c
ct z j
(d)
Ax
K
y = 0 ct z j
z
2c
When a charged particle emits electromagnetic radiation, the electric field E and the
1
1
E B at a larger distance r from emitter vary as n and
Poynting vector S
0
r
1
respectively. Which of the following choices for n and m are correct?
rm
(a) n = 1 and m = 1
(b) n = 2 and m = 2
B A
Q25.
(c) n = 1 and m = 2
Ans:
(d) n = 2 and m = 4
(c)
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JRF/NET-(JUNE-2013)
Q26.
A particle of charge e and mass m is located at the midpoint of the line joining two fixed
collinear dipoles with unit charges as shown in the figure. (The particle is constrained to
move only along the line joining the dipoles). Assuming that the length of the dipoles is
much shorter than their separation, the natural frequency of oscillation of the particle is
R
R
e, m
2d
2d
(a)
Ans:
6eR 2
0 md 5
6eR
0 md 4
(b)
(c)
(d)
6ed 2
0 mR 5
(d)
6ed
0 mR 4
R
x
2d
e, m A
2d
Let us displace the charge particle by small amount x at A. Then the resultant electric
field at point A is given by
2p 1
1
6d
x where p 1.2d 2d .
3
3
4 0 R x
R x 0 R 4
6ed
F eE
x
0 R 4
E
Then
k
6ed
m
0 mR 4
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Q27.
A current I is created by a narrow beam of protons moving in vacuum with constant
velocity u . The direction and magnitude, respectively, of the Poynting vector S outside
the beam at a radial distance r (much larger than the width of the beam) from the axis,
are

(a) S u and S

(c) S || u and S
Ans:
(b) S || u and S
I2
4 2 0 u r 2
(d) S || u and S
I2
4 2 0 u r 2
I2
4 2 0 u r 4
I2
4 2 0 u r 4
(c)
Solution: Let charge per unit length be , hence I u in z-direction.
0 I
.
2r
I
r
r .
The electric field at a distance r is E
2 0 r
2 0 ur
The magnetic field at a distance r is B
Hence Poynting vector S

Q28.
EB
I2
4 2 0 ur 2
If the electric and magnetic fields are unchanged when the potential A changes (in
suitable units) according to A A r, where r r t r, then the scalar potential must
simultaneously change to
(a) r
Ans:
(b) r
(c) r / t
(d) r / t
(c)
Solution: A A A r / r 1 r C
Q29.
V V / t V r / t
Consider an axially symmetric static charge distribution of the form,
2
r
0 0 e r / r0 cos2
r
The radial component of the dipole moment due to this charge distribution is
(a) 2 0 r04
(b) 0 r04
(c) 0 r04
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Ans:
(a)
2
r
p r r d r 0 0 e r / r0 cos2 r 2 sin dr dd
r
V
p 0 r02
Q30.
r0
r 0
r / r
2
4
r e 0 dr sin d cos d 2 0 r0
The components of a vector potential A A0 , A1 , A2 , A3 are given by

A k xyz, yzt , zxt , xyt
where k is a constant. The three components of the electric field are

(a) k yz, zx, xy
Ans:
(b) k x, y, z
(c) 0, 0, 0
(d) k xt , yt , zt
(c)
Solution: A , Ax , Ay , Az kxyz, Ax kyzt, Ay kzxt, Az kxyt
A
k yzx xzy xyz
Since k yzx xzy xyz and
t
A
E
k yzx xzy xyz k yzx xzy xyz 0 E 0,0,0
t
Q31.
An oscillating current I t I 0 exp it flows in the direction of the y-axis through a

thin metal sheet of area 1.0 cm2 kept in the xy -plane. The rate of total energy radiated per
unit area from the surfaces of the metal sheet at a distance of 100 m is
Ans:
(a) I 0 / 12 0 c 3
(b) I 02 2 / 12 0 c 3
(c) I 02 / 12 0 c 3
(d) I 0 2 / 24 0 c 3
(b)
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JRF/NET-(DEC-2013)
Q32.
A horizontal metal disc rotates about the vertical axis in a uniform magnetic field
pointing up as shown in the figure. A circuit is made by connecting one end A of a
resistor to the centre of the disc and the other end B to its edge through a sliding contact.
The circuit that flows through the resistor is
B
A
S
(a) zero
(b) DC from A to B
(c) DC from B to A
(d) AC
Ans:
(b)
Q33.
The force between two long and parallel wires carrying currents I 1 and I 2 and separated
by a distance D is proportional to
(a) I 1 I 2 / D
(b) I 1 I 2 / D
(c) I 1 I 2 / D
Ans:
(a)
Q34.
The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is given by
E E0 cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t k .
The associated magnetic field B is
(d) I 1 I 2 / D 2
(a) 103 E0 cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t k
(c) E cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t 0.3i 0.4 j

(d) 10 E cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t 3i 4 j
(b) 104 E0 cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t 4i 3 j
0
Ans:
(b)
Solution: k 0.3x 0.4 y , 1000t
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B
kE
0.3x 0.4 y E 0 cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000 t k
B 104 E0 cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t 4i 3 j

Q35.
A point charge q is placed symmetrically at a distance d from two perpendicularly

placed grounded conducting infinite plates as shown in the figure. The net force on the
charge (in units of 1 / 4 0 ) is
(a)
q2
2 2 1 away from the corner
8d 2
d
d
q2
2 2 1 towards the corner
(b)
8d 2
(c)
(d)
Ans:
q2
2 2d 2
towards the corner
3q 2
away from the corner
8d 2
F1
(b)
Solution: F 1 F 2 k
Q36.
q
F2 d
q
q
and F 3 k 2
2
4d
8d
Resultant of F 1 , F 2 is F12 F12 F22 2 2k

Net force F k
F3
d
q
q2
.
8d 2
2d
q2
2 2 1 (towards the corner)
8d 2
If the electrostatic potential V r , , in a charge free region has the form

V r f r cos , then the functional form of f r (in the following a and b are
constants) is:
(a) ar 2
Ans:
b
r
(b) ar
b
r2
(c) ar
b
r
r
(d) a ln
b
(b)
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Solution: 2V
2V
1 2 V
1

V
1
0
r
sin
r 2 r r r 2 sin
r 2 sin 2 2
1 2 f
1
cos 2
sin f sin 0
r
2
r r r
r sin
cos 2 2 f
f
f
r 2 2r 2
2sin cos 0
2
r r
r r sin
r2
2 f
f
2r 2 f r 0
2
r
r
f r ar
Q37.
b
satisfy the above equation.
r2
Let four point charges q, q / 2, q and q / 2 be placed at the vertices of a square of

side a . Let another point charge q be placed at the cnetre of the square (see the figure).
q/2
q
q/2
Let V r be the electrostatic potential at a point P at a distance r a from the centre

of the square. Then V 2r / V r is
(a) 1
Ans:
(b)
1
2
(c)
1
4
(d)
1
8
(d)
Solution: According to multipole expansion Qmono

p qax ay
Thus V
q
q
q qq 0
2
2
q
ax ay qax ay q ax ay q ax ay 0 0
2
2
1
V 2r 1
.
3
V r 8
r
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Q38.
Let V , A and V , A denote two sets of scalar and vector potentials, and a scalar
function. Which of the following transformations leave the electric and magnetic fields
(and hence Maxwells equations) unchanged?
(a) A A and V V
(b) A A and V V 2
(c) A A and V V
(d) A A and V V
Ans:
(a)
Q39.
JRF/NET(JUNE-2014)
A time-dependent current I t Ktz (where K is a constant) is switched on at t 0 in

an infinite current-carrying wire. The magnetic vector potential at a perpendicular
distance a from the wire is given (for time t a / c ) by
0 K c t a
ct a 2 z 2
(a) z
dz
4 c c t a
a 2 z 2 1/ 2
K
(b) z 0
4
K ct ct a 2 z 2
(c) z 0 dz
4 c ct
a 2 z 2 1 / 2
K c t a
t
(d) z 0
dz
4 c t a
a 2 z 2 1/ 2
2 2
2 2
ct
dz a
ct
2 2
2 2
t
2
z2
1/ 2
Ans: (a)
Solution: A z 0
4
I tr
R
dz z
0
4
K t R / c
R
dz
I
dz
R
0 K c t a
ct a 2 z 2
A z
dz
1/2
4 c c2t 2 a2
a2 z 2
2 2
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Q40.
A current i p flows through the primary coil of a transformer. The graph of i p t as a

function of time t is shown in the figure below.
i p t
3 t
1
2
Which of the following graphs represents the current i S in the secondary coil?
(a)
(b)
is t
is t
(c)
is t
(d)
is t
3t
1
Ans:
3t
(c)
Solution: is
Q41.
3 t
3 t
di p
dt
If the electrostatic potential in spherical polar coordinates is
r 0 e r / r
where 0 and r0 are constants, then the charge density at a distance r r0 will be
(a)
0 0
er02
(b)
e 0 0
2r02
(c)
0 0
2
0
er
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(d)
2e 0 0
r02
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Ans:
(a)
Solution: 2
0 2
0
0 r / r0
1 2 1 2
1 0 2 r / r0
1
1
r e
2 0 r 2 e r / r0 2re r / r0
2
r
2 r e
2
r r r r r
r0
r r0 r
r r0
r0
1
2
2 0 e r / r0 e r / r0
r0 r0
r
At a distance r r0 , 2
Q42.
0 1
0 0 0
0
2 1
1
e e 2 0 2 2
r0 r0
r0
r0 e
r0 e r0 e
If A yzi zxj xyk and C is the circle of unit radius in the plane defined by z 1 ,

A
with the centre on the z - axis, then the value of the integral
d is
C
(a)
Ans:
(b)
(c)
(d) 0
(d)
i

Solution: A
x
yz
y
zx
i x x j y y k z z 0
z
xy

Since
A d A d a 0
Q43.
Consider an electromagnetic wave at the interface between two homogenous dielectric

media of dielectric constants 1 and 2 . Assuming 2 1 and no charges on the
surface, the electric field vector E and the displacement vector D in the two media
satisfy the following inequalities
(a) E2 E1 and D2 D1
(b) E2 E1 and D2 D1
(c) E2 E1 and D2 D1
(d) E2 E1 and D2 D1
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Q44.
A charge e is placed in vacuum at the point d ,0,0 , where d 0 . The region x 0

d
is filled uniformly with a metal. The electric field at the point ,0,0 is
2
(a)
(c)
Ans:
10 e
1, 0, 0
9 0 d 2
(b)
e
1, 0, 0
0 d 2
e
1, 0, 0
0 d 2
d
E
2 P
x
e
d
0
(d)
(b)
e
E
4 0 3d / 2
10 e
1, 0, 0
9 0 d 2
4e
1
e
1 4e
and E
2
2
4 0 9d
4 0 d / 2
4 0 d 2
Thus resultant electric field at point P is

E E E
Q45.
4e
1 4e
1 40e
1 10e
1 10e
E
x
2
2
2
2
4 0 9d
4 0 d
4 0 9d
9 0 d
9 0 d 2
1
A beam of light of frequency is reflected from a dielectric-metal interface at normal

incidence. The refractive index of the dielectric medium is n and that of the metal is
n2 n1 i . If the beam is polarised parallel to the interface, then the phase change
experienced by the light upon reflection is

(a) tan2 /
Ans:
(b) tan 1 1 /
(c) tan 1 2 /
(d) tan 1 2
(c)
1
E
Solution: Since E 0 R
0I
1
v
c/n
1 i
where 1
v2 c / n 1 i
ei /2
i
E0 R
E0 I
2 i
2
4 e

E0 I
4 2
Thus phase change / 2 tan cot
i /2
e
E0 I where tan .
2
tan 1
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Q46.
A thin, infinitely long solenoid placed along the z - axis contains a magnetic flux .
Which of the following vector potentials corresponds to the magnetic field at an arbitrary
point x, y, z ?
x
(a) Ax , Ay , Az
,
,0
2
2
2
2
2 x y 2 x y
x
(b) Ax , Ay , Az
,
,0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 x y z 2 x y z
x y x y
(c) Ax , Ay , Az
,
,0
2
2
2
2
2 x y 2 x y
Ans:
y
(d) Ax , Ay , Az
,
,0
2
2
2
2
2 x y 2 x y

(a) B A 0
Q47.
An electromagnetically-shielded room is designed so that at a frequency 107 rad/s

the intensity of the external radiation that penetrates the room is 1% of the incident
radiation. If
1
1
10 6 m is the conductivity of the shielding material, its
2
minimum thickness should be (given that ln 10 2.3 )

(a) 4.60 mm
Ans:
(b) 2.30 mm
(c) 0.23 mm
(d) 0.46 mm
(b)
Solution:
I I 0 e 2 z z
1 I0
ln
2 I
where
I0
100,
I
2
1
ln 100 2.30 mm
2 103
1 1
106 4 107 107 103

2 2
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Q48.
A charged particle is at a distance d from an infinite conducting plane maintained at zero

potential. When released from rest, the particle reaches a speed u at a distance d / 2 from
the plane. At what distance from the plane will the particle reach the speed 2u ?
(a) d / 6
Ans:
(b) d / 3
(c) d / 4
(d) d / 5
(b)
Solution: F ma m
d 2x
A
d 2x
1 q2
q2
where
.
A
dt 2
x2
dt 2
4 0 4d 2
16 m 0
q
d
dv
A dv
dv
A dx
1 d 2
d A
2 v v
2
v
dt
x dt
dt
x dt
2 dt
dt x
v2 A
A
1 1
C at x d , v 0 C v 2 A .
2 x
d
x d
1
2A
d
1
1 1
Thus u 2 A
then 2u 2 A x

d
5
d /2 d
x d
JRF/NET(DEC-2014)
Q49.
A charged particle moves in a helical path under the influence of a constant

magnetic field. The initial velocity is such that the component along the
magnetic field is twice the component in the plane normal to the magnetic
field.
The ratio / R of the pitch to the radius R of the helical path is
(a) / 2
Ans:
(b) 4
(c) 2
2R
(d)
(b)
Solution: v 2v
Pitch of the helix l vT v
Q50.
2 R
2 R
l
2v
4 R 4
v
v
R
A parallel beam of light of wavelength is incident normally on a thin polymer film

with air on both sides. If the film has a refractive index n 1 , then second-order bright
fringes can be observed in reflection when the thickness of the film is
(a) / 4n
(b) / 2n
(c) 3 / 4n
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Ans:
(c)
Solution: For constructive interference: 2nd cos 2m 1
For normal incidence 0 and second order m 1

2nd cos 0 2 1 1
Q51.
3
4n
A solid sphere of radius R has a charge density, given by
r 0 1
ar
where r is the radial coordinate and 0 , a and R are positive constants. If the
magnitude of the electric field at r R / 2 is 1.25 times that at r R , then the value of a
is
(a) 2
Ans:
(b) 1
(c) 1 / 2
(d) 1 / 4
(b)
Solution:
E .d a
S
Qenc E 4 r
2
E 4 r 2
ar
2
1 4 r dr
R
40 2 ar 3 2
40 r 3 ar 4
0 r ar 2
r
r
dr
0 0
R
0 3 4R
0 3 4R
Er R / 2 1.25Er R
0 R / 2 aR 2 / 4
0 R aR 2
1.25
0 3
4R
0 3 4R
5 1
1 a 5 1 a 1 a 5 5a 5a a

6 16 4 3 4 6 16 12 16 16 16 12 6
4a 5 2
a 3
a 1
16
12
4 12
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Q52.
The electrostatic lines of force due to a system of four point charges is sketched below.
At large distance r , the leading asymptotic behaviour of the electrostatic potential is

proportional to
(b) r 1
(a) r
Ans:
(c) r 2
(d) r 3
(d)
Solution: The given electrostatic line of force is due to a quadrupole. So V

Q53.
1
.
r3
A plane electromagnetic wave incident normally on the surface of a material is partially

reflected. Measurements on the standing wave in the region in front of the interface show
that the ratio of the electric field amplitude at the maxima and the minima is 5. The ratio
of the reflected intensity to the incident intensity is
(a) 4 / 9
Ans:
(b) 2 / 3
(c) 2 / 5
(d) 1 / 5
(a)
Solution:
E0 I E0 R
E
2
5 E0 I E0 R 5 E0 I E0 R 6 E0 R 4 E0 I 0 R
E0 I E0 R
E0 I 3
2
Q54.
E
I
4
R 0R
I I E0 I
9
A non-relativistic particle of mass m and charge e , moving with a velocity v and
acceleration a , emits radiation of intensity I . What is the intensity of the radiation
emitted by a particle of mass m / 2 , charge 2e , velocity v / 2 and acceleration 2a ?
(a) 16 I
Ans:
(b) 8 I
(c) 4 I
(d) 2 I
(a)
Solution: I
I 2 q22 a22
I 2 4e2 4a 2
q 2 a 2 sin 2
16 I 2 16 I
r2
I1 q12 a12
I
e2 a 2
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Electromagnetic - Theory - NET-JRF June 2011-Dec 2014

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fiziks

Solution: Let E E0 x y z and B B0 x y z since they are constant vector.

A plane electromagnetic wave is propagating in a lossless dielectric. The electric field is

Ex, y, z, t E0 x Az exp ik0 ct x 3z ,

Solution: Ex, y, z, t E0 x Az exp ik0 ct x 3z .

Comparing with term e i k r t k k 0 x 3z and k 0 c .

A static, spherically symmetric charge distribution is given by r

K are positive constants. The electrostatic potential corresponding to this charge

The magnetic field of the TE11 mode of a rectangular waveguide of dimensions a b as

(a) a = 3.33 cm, b = 2.50 cm

(b) a = 0.40 cm, b = 0.30 cm

(c) a = 0.80 cm, b = 0.60 cm

(d) a = 1.66 cm, b = 1.25 cm

Solution: Since H z H 0 cos0.3x cos0.4y

(a) 6.0 GHz < f < 7.5 GHz

(b) 7.5 GHz < f < 9.0 GHz

(c) 7.5 GHz < f < 12.0 GHz

(d) 7.5 GHz < f

Solution: I I 0 cos 2 (Malus Law)

A static charge distribution gives rise to an electric field of the form E 1 e r / R

None of the options given are correct

Solution: For central fringe to be dark, 1d

A constant electric current I in an infinitely long straight wire is suddenly switched on at t

. The electric field at a distance r (< ct) is

The magnetic field corresponding to the vector potential A F r 3 r where F is

An electromagnetic wave is incident on a water-air interface. The phase of the

(a) does not change

(b) changes by 3/2

Which of the following questions is Lorentz invariant?

Solution: Let coordinates of A is (l, m), then

The vector potential A due to a magnetic moment m at a point r is given by A

of the circle. The charge q is symmetrically placed with respect to

Resultant of E1 and E 2 is E E12 E22 2E1 , Thus E3 E Q

field produced at distance r > a is

difference. The intensity of the resulting wave is given by

time average of E2. The total intensity is

from the centre (R >> a), the potential is

Solution: Given configuration is quadrupole.

A point charges q of mass m is kept at a distance d below a grounded infinite conducting

(c) There is no finite value of d

The vector potential A at a distance R from the axis

(a) is constant inside and varies as R outside the solenoid

(b) varies as R inside and is constant outside the solenoid

(d) varies as R inside and as

ct z 2 i . The magnetic field

A current I is created by a narrow beam of protons moving in vacuum with constant

Solution: Let charge per unit length be , hence I u in z-direction.

Hence Poynting vector S

suitable units) according to A A r, where r r t r, then the scalar potential must

The components of a vector potential A A0 , A1 , A2 , A3 are given by

where k is a constant. The three components of the electric field are

Solution: A , Ax , Ay , Az kxyz, Ax kyzt, Ay kzxt, Az kxyt

An oscillating current I t I 0 exp it flows in the direction of the y-axis through a

The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is given by

E E0 cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t k .

The associated magnetic field B is

(a) 103 E0 cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t k

(c) E cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t 0.3i 0.4 j

Solution: k 0.3x 0.4 y , 1000t

0.3x 0.4 y E 0 cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000 t k

B 104 E0 cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t 4i 3 j

A point charge q is placed symmetrically at a distance d from two perpendicularly

towards the corner