NirmaUniversity

INSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY

SarkhejGandhinagarHighway
AHMEDABAD(GUJARATINDIA)382481

B.TechE.C.SemesterVI
Year2015

ProjectReporton
SPEED OF MOTOR CONTROL USING TRIAC
By
Shikharsrivastava(12BEC091)
SourabhJain(12BEC098)
SubmittedTo
Prof.DipeshPanchal

For

POWER ELECTRONICS (2EC310)

INDEX
Sr. No

Topic

1
3
4
5
8
9

Introduction
Circuit Diagram
Working
Component
Conclusion
References

Page No.
3
4
4
5
6
7

Introduction
2

TRIAC stand for triode or three terminal for alternating current is a generalized name for an
electronic component that can conduct current in either direction when it is triggered and is
formally called a bidirectional triode thyristor or bilateral triode thyristor.
TRIACs are a subset of thyristor and are closely related to silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR).
However SCR which is unidirectional devices and TRIAC is bidirectional and so allow current
in either direction. Another difference from SCR is that TRIAC current can be enabled by either
a positive or negative current applied to its gate electrode whereas SCR can be triggered only by
positive current into the gate. To create a triggering of current a positive or negative voltage has
to be applied to the gate with respect to the MT 1 terminal.
Once triggered of the device continues to conduct until the current drops below a certain
threshold level called the holding current.
The bidirectionality makes TRIAC very convenient switches for alternating current circuits also
allowing them to control very large power flows with milliampere-scale gate currents. In
addition applying a trigger pulse at a controlled phase angle in an AC cycle allows control of the
percentage of current that flows through the TRIAC to the load which is commonly used for
example in controlling the speed of low-power induction motors in dimming lamps and in
controlling AC heating resistors.

Circuit Diagram

Working
This basic phase triggering circuit uses the triac in series with the motor across an AC sinusoidal
supply. The variable resistor P1 is used to control the amount of phase shift on the gate of the
triac which in turn controls the amount of voltage applied to the motor by turning it ON at
different times during the AC cycle.
The triacs triggering voltage is derived from the P1 C3 combination via the Diac (The diac is a
bidirectional semiconductor device that helps provide a sharp trigger current pulse to fully turnON the triac).
At the start of each cycle C3 charges up via the variable resistor P1. This continues until the
voltage across C3 is sufficient to trigger the diac into conduction which in turn allows capacitor
C3 to discharge into the gate of the triac turning it ON.
Once the triac is triggered into conduction and saturates it effectively shorts out the gate
triggering phase control circuit connected in parallel across it and the triac takes control for the
remainder of the half-cycle.
4

As we have seen above the triac turns-OFF automatically at the end of the half-cycle and the P1
C3 triggering process starts again on the next half cycle.
However, because the triac requires differing amounts of gate current in each switching mode of
operation, for example + and , a triac is therefore asymmetrical meaning that it may not
trigger at the exact same point for each positive and negative half cycle.
This simple triac speed control circuit is suitable for not only AC motor speed control but for
lamp dimmers and electrical heater control and in fact is very similar to a triac light dimmer used
in many homes. However, a commercial triac dimmer should not be used as a motor speed
controller as generally triac light dimmers are intended to be used with resistive loads only such
as incandescent lamps.

Component:

TRIAC 400V-10A
DIAC
RESISTOR-47K, 68K, 180E
VARIABLE RESISTOR-220K
CAPACITOR-0.1uF

Datasheet of BT134 TRIAC:GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Glass passivated triac in a plastic envelope, intended for use in applications requiring high
bidirectional transient and blocking voltage capability and high thermal cycling performance.
Typical applications include motor control, industrial and domestic lighting, heating and static
switching.

Conclusion
By the following experiment we conclude that we can control the speed of AC motor using
TRIAC DIAC combination. Here DIAC is used for the triggering of TRIAC and by varying the
resistance through potentiometer we can vary the voltage across AC motor hence the speed of
motor vary.

References

Power electronics by P.S.bimbhara

http://www.electroschematics.com/444/motor-speed-regulator-with-triac/
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIAC
datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/philips/BT134-600.pdf