RN 968

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\
** * since , for
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUES TENSE

Affirmative:
have
has
+Sbeen
+ + V1-ing
Negative:
have
+ not + been + V1-ing
has
S+
Question:
Have
+
+ been + V1-ing .?
Has
We use the present perfect continues tense to talk about:
1. to talk about an activity which continues over a length of time:
1) I .. a book about the history of law-making.
( have read, has been reading , have been reading)
2) The teacher ..the lesson for over 20minutes.
( has explained , has been explaining , have been explaining)
2.
to stress the length of time an activity has taken:

1) She.to be a doctor for six years.
( have been training , has trained , has been training)
2) The doctor...........the patient for half an hour.
(has been examining, is examining ,was examining ,examines)
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3.

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to talk about an activity which may not be completed:

Nawal . her economics essay all morning.
( has written , have been writing , has been writing)
2) They ...........since they returned home.
(are studying ,studied ,study ,have been studying)
1)
4.
to talk about an activity which is repeated over a period of
time:
The police people all week.
(have been interviewing , has interviewed , has been interviewing)
2) We. tennis this week.
(have been playing, has been playing , have played )
1)
5.
to talk about an activity which shows a present

consequence:
1) I . cakes. That is why my hands are all covered with flour.
(have made ,have been making , has been making )
2) Her phone for ten minutes. I wonder why she doesn't answer it.
( have been ringing , has been ringing , has rang )
Correct the form of the verb:

1. He. That is why he looks so tired. (overwork).
2. A- There is sawdust in your hair.
B - I'm not surprised. I . down a tree. (cut)
3. Have you seen my bag anywhere? I .for it for ages. (look)
4. A- What .you? (do)
B- I. in the laboratory. (work)
5. He ..Russian for two years and doesn't even know the alphabet yet.
(study)
6. A- How long you .for me? (wait)
B- I ..about half an hour. (wait)
7. It for two days now. There'll be a flood soon. (rain)
8. We about this for two hours now. Perhaps we should stop! (argue)
9. I. That's why my hair is all wet. (bathe)
10. You .all day. Let me drive now. (drive)
11. How long ..you ..glasses? (wear)
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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Affirmative:
have
has
+SP.P.
+ (V3) .
Negative:
have
+ not + P.P. (V3) .
has
S+
Question:
Have
+
+ P.P. (V3) .?
Has
We use the present perfect tense to talk about:
1. actions that started and finished in the past :
We usually use a key word such as just , already , yet , so far
, up to now , recently , lately , at last , In my life , in his life
..
1) The man .. just .a new car.
( bought , have bought, has bought)
2) She the book yet.
( didn't read, haven't read, hasn't read)
3) I ..in the Dead Sea recently.
( swam , have swum , has swum)
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2. a past experience or achievement with a definite result

in the present:
1) I ..my leg which means that I can't go skiing this year.
( have broken , has broken , broke)
2) The lady ..her driving test, so she can borrow his car
next week.
( passed , has passed , have passed)
:Correct the form of the verb

1.
2.
3.
4.
I ..him for three years. I wonder where he is. (not see)

He ..for two weeks. He is trying to give it up. ( not smoke)
I can't go out because I .my work. (not finish)
-I ..nevercoffee. (drink)
-Well, have some now.
5. I the letter but I can not find a stamp. (write)
6. Here are your shoes; I ..justthem. (clean)
The play ..just.. You are a little late. (begin)
Write the correct verb form to complete these conversations.

a A What have you been since I last saw you?( do)
B
I've ..(pass) my driving test and I've ..(have) interviews for a
university place.
b
A
B
Have you ever.. (learn) to play a musical instrument?

Yes, I've ..(start) learning the mizmar, but I've only been.
(play) for a few weeks.
Have you(have) a holiday yet this year?
Yes, we've just (come) back from Aqaba.
Complete these conversations using the correct form of the verbs

in brackets. Use the present perfect simple or present perfect
continuous. (Sometimes both forms may be possible.)
a
A. You look very pale. Are you feeling all right?
B
I'm really tired. I have not been ( sleep) very well recently.
A Do you mean you have been (wake up) very early?
B No, I've ..(not sleep) at all for three nights.
B A Have you..( speak) to Ibrahim recently?
B No, I've (not see) him for over a week.
A Perhaps hehas been (spend) all his time with his family.
C
A I've been ..(think) about taking up tennis.

B So have you. ( play) it before?
A No, but I've ..(watch) a lot of tennis on TV this summer
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" " ,
Since

For
Long time

We have lived in this flat----------2009

I have been reading this novel ----------nearly three weeks
My father has worked for the same company -------nearly twenty
years .
We have been waiting here----------7 o'clock this morning
He has able to swim ----------he was three years old
The children have been playing on the beach ----------half an hour
: ( 1-
)
.
2-

"
"
" 3-
. "
: 4-) 1- Nour------------an essay all morning .( be ,write

2- Hatem looks tired .He----------his science project all night .
)(be, do
3- Khalid hasnt seen his friend----------two weeks
" " since , for ,from
4-Asma has been playing THE PIANO-------SHE WAS THIRTEEN
" " FOR ,since ,from
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,
" "
Simple Past Tense

Affirmative:
S + V2 ..
Negative:
S + did not + V1 (base form)
Question:
Did + S + V1 (base form) ?
We use the simple past for actions that started and finished in a
particular period of time in the past:
Key words:
last year ,last month ,last week ,last Summer ,last night.etc.
a week ago ,two days ago ,a few months agoetc.
yesterday ,yesterday morning ,yesterday evening etc.
In the past , once , in 1998, when I was a child , when I was 7 years
old
Choose the correct answer:
I.this film along time ago.(see)-1
The police .the thief two days ago.(arrest) -2
We..a lot of work yesterday.(do) -3
The war.in 1941.(happen) -4
Correct the form of the verb:
1. The boy home two weeks ago. (leave)
2. When I was ten years old, I ..a computer. (buy)
3. The builder his lunch before an hour. (eat)
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Past perfect

Affirmative:
S+ had + P.P. (V3)
Negative:
S+ had +not + P.P. (V3)
Question:
Had + S + P.P. (V3).?
We use the past perfect to
1 clarify which of two past actions happened first:
Irish people emigrated because so many had died of starvation.
(People died and as a result others emigrated.)
By 1854, a quarter of the population of Ireland had emigrated to America.
(They emigrated before 1854.)
2 talk about a situation, state, feeling or action in the past:
Tareq felt nervous because he had never flown
before.
(Tareq was nervous at some point in the past. The reason he was nervous was that he
had not flown before this point in time.)
When I read the letter I couldn't stop smiling. I'd passed all my exams.
3 provide background information about a past event:
Past event: On January 11, Fiona Thornewill arrived at the South
Pole.
She had completed the 1100 km journey in 42 days.
She had walked an average of 26 kilometres a day.
By 10 a. m. on the last day, the clouds had disappeared and the sun had come out.
Key words;
Past perfect
Past simple
After
Because
Past simple
Before
When
By
Past perfect
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Past simple
PastAfter
perfect
Because
Past perfect
Past simple
Before
When
By
So

1. Samibefore we got there.(leave)
2. Imy computer course before last month.(take)
3. They..shopping by the time you saw them.(go)
:Correct the form of the verb
1) When I reached home, I found that everyoneto sleep. (go)
2) I couldn't play because I ..my leg. (break)
3) The teacher got angry of Ali because he...............................to do his
homework. (forget)
4) I went to bed after Ifriend. ( phone)
-:
.
1-Hatems father ----------last year . " retire "
2-Maher---------his driving test,so he can borrow his brothers car
next week ." pass"
3-Fatima ------------her homework three hours ago ." finish"
4- Maher felt nervous because he---------never--------in the Dead
Sea before ."swim "
Adjective with prepositions

" "
Full of
Famous for
ware of
satisfied with
keen on
built on
different from
dependent on
interested in
1-Ive never been keen ---------museums

2- Human beings are dependent --------plants
3- while she was at the Eden one girl became very interested -----biology
4- On wet days biomes are full ------visitors sheltering
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5- The Eden project is particularly famous ----------its huge biomes
:1- Ruba is really interested ----------the history of Jordan .

" in , from , with "
2- Modern Amman is built ---------the sit of many ancient
civilization .
" on , from ,with "
Complete these sentences with the correct

preposition:
Ex.3p.38(SB)
From
on
of
for
a . Cactuses depend----
in
on
their thorns to protect them.
b. The acacia tree is famous---- being protected by

ants. This makes it different..most ordinary plants.
c. I've always been interestedplants and trees, but
I'm not keen.insects.
d. My Encyclopedia of Nature is full..interesting facts
about plants.
Choose the correct preposition to complete the

sentences. You may need you may need to use
one of the words twice. Ex.6p.40(WB)
For
on
of
in
a. Some people arent aware ..of the difference

between a fruit and a vegetable.
b. Im really interested the history of my family.
c. Apples and bananas are dependent for their
survival...green house gases
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d. Modern Amman is built .the site of many

ancient civilizations.
e. Amman is famousits Roman remains.
:-

.

.
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1-keep up with----------know the latest information
2-cut down on ---------reduce
3-come up against --------meet\face
4-looking forward ----------wait with pleasure for something
Come up with-------invent \ discover \find 56-put up with--------accept \stand \ tolerate
7-see red ------got very angry
8-blacklist ----------public they have done something wrong
9-green light ---------said yes
10-black and white ----------printed here
11-blue----------unexpectedly
12-red tape ---------paperwork and administration
1-They have said yes to the building of new incinerator .
2-supermarkets should cut down on packaging.
3-the government has given the green light to the building of a
new airport .
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Numbers in words
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
20
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
thirteen
twenty
90
100
250
365
589
624
1000
2010
100,000
250,000
1975
1823
1/3
1/4
twenty- 1/6
one
30
thirty 18th century
34
Thirty- 20th century
four
40
forty 21st century
50
fifty 22nd century
60
sixty 23rd century
70
seventy 24th century
80
eighty %50
Four times six= twenty four
A third of nine = 3
a forth of eight hundred=200
Twice five hundred =1000
3,948: Three thousand nine
hundred and forty-eight
ninety
one hundred
two hundred and fifty
three hundred and thirty-six
five hundred and eighty-nine
six hundred and twenty-four
one thousand
two thousand and ten
one hundred thousand
Two hundred and fifty thousand
Nineteen seventy-five
eighteen twenty-three
a third
a fourth
A quarter
A sixth
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The eighteenth century

The twentieth century
The twenty first century
The twenty first century
The twenty third century
The twenty fourth century
Fifty percent
4 * 6 = 24 ( times:
(
1/3 * 9 = 3
1/4 * 800 = 200
500* 2 = 1000 (twice: )
32, 12th Avenue: Thirty-two, twelfth
Avenue
Answer these interview questions in words, using the information in

brackets. Ex.1p.10(WB)
Example: How many students are there in your class? (25)
There are twenty five students in my class.
a. When was your school opened? (1975)
b . What's the address of the school? (17, 10th Avenue)
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C . How many students go to your school? (about 1,750)
Now rewrite the underlined phrases in these sentences as

numbers. Ex.2p.10(WB)
Example: My brother was born in two thousand and four. 2004
.....................................................................................................
I scored seventy-six percent in my English exam
.....................................................................................................
There were two world wars in the twentieth century
....................................................................................................
The population of Egypt is about seventy-five million
....................................................................................................
There are a hundred centimes in one Algerian dinar
.....................................................................................................
Write the numbers as words"Ex.1p.18(SB)
A. in the 19th century..
.....................................................................................
B. by the end of 1854.
............................................................................................
C. 75% of the year's potatoes.
D. in 1961.
...................................................
\E.350,000 people.
............................................................................................
f. 268 people.
......................................................................................................
G.1960 and 1970.
..........................................................................................................
Answer these questions using numbers and
words.Ex.3p.18(SB)
A. What is twice six thousand?
..........................................................................................................
B. What is a quarter of twenty thousand?
................................................................................................
C. What is fifty percent of two thousand?
.......................................................................................................
D. What is five times nine?
E.What is a third of twenty- one?.
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by the end of 1854.
a-one thousand eight hundred and forty five

b-one hundred
eight thousand and fifty-four
c-one thousand eight hundred and
fifty four
.I scored
a-67
seventy-six percent in my English exam

b-76
-2
c-706
. people 3-268
a-two hundred and sixty eight
b-two hundred and sixtyeight
c-two hundred sixty-eight
?What is twice six thousand -4

a-6000
b-12000
5- What is five times nine?
a-14
b-45
c-3000
c-9
6.What is a third of twenty- one?

a-7
b-21
c-21
7-1960 :a-one hundred nine thousand and sixty b- one thousand nine
hundred and sixty c-one hundred and sixty
8- The population of Egypt is about seventy-five million:a-7000000
b-75000000
c-57000000
9-75% of the year's potatoes.
a-seventy five percent
b- fifty seven percent
c-seventy five
10- I scored seventy-six percent in my English exam:a-76%
b-67%
c-76
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Stress
A Are you from Yemen
N0 I'm from Oman
THE Stressed word in dialogue is:Yemen
from
Oman
B-Have you ever been to Jerash ?
No ,but I visited Petra
THE Stressed word in dialogue is:Have
Jerash
Petra
C Did you like munsaf?
No ,but I liked taboleh
THE Stressed word in dialogue is:Like
munsaf
taboled
D-Do you go to school ?
No,I go to university
THE Stressed word in dialogue is:School
university
is
E- Did you say they will be here tomorrow evening ?
No I said they will be here tomorrow morning
THE Stressed word in dialogue is:Morning
here
tomorrow
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Keep up with
Know the latest information about

reduce
Cut down on
Meet / face
Come up against

Wait with pleasure for something to happen
Look forward to
Come up with
Put up with
( )
Invent / discover/ find
Accept / stand / tolerate (something unpleasant)
Three part phrasal verb

3" "

We've come up against serious problems in our plan
.
Supermarkets should cut down on packaging
.
Scientists have just come up with a new way of reprocessing
.
People living near the bus station put up with a lot of noise
.
I am looking forward to the day
.
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SB. Q1 . 12
1-secretaries used to spend most of their time typing letters
and reports. ( write using a machine )
2-what type of music do you like best ? ( kind \ sort )
3-He did a fine job of washing my car. ( very good )
4-He had to pay a fine because he was driving without
insurance .
(money people pay as a punishment for
doing something illegal)
5-when I was a student ,I was member of the law society .(club )
6-A strong legal system is important in a modern society .
(all the people living in a country )
7-Taking another person's property is theft .
(something that belongs to someone )
8-The price of property in the city has increased dramatically
this year. (land and building )
9-Tutankhamun was very famous Egyptian ruler .
(someone in charge of a country such as a king )
10-i am doing my math's homework can I borrow your
ruler ,please? (straight piece of wood or plastic to help you
draw )
11-in the final of the championship ,the players were on court
for two hours .
(area where people play games like tennis and squash )
12-Three men will appear in court tomorrow accused of
dangerous driving . ( place where trials take place )
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Question Number one :Society
, fine , property , case , mean
1-He did a very good job of washing my car .

---------------------------------------------------------.
2-I dont like him because he is not generous .
--------------------------------------------------------------.
3-When I was a student ,I was a member of the law
organization .
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
4-The price of building and land in the city has increased
dramatically .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
Choose the correct item :1-Taking another person's -----------is a theft .
(society
, court , property )
2-Im doing my math's homework-can I borrow your ----------?
(ruler , court )
3-All legal cases are held in the ---------------------(case , court , type )
4-I keep my documents in a special ----------------( court , type, case)
5--------------is my favorites season
(property , sow , spring)
Linking words

" .
We have two groups:
I
+ V1
1.
In order to
To
2.
Because + S+ V
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1. We use these words and phrases to introduce explanations:

2. They can come at the beginning of the sentence or in the middle.
3. They should be followed by the rule.
For example,
1 Some people move to greener areas in order to survive.
2 We need to produce more food because there are more people to feed.
Because there are more people to feed, we need to produce more food.
3 Trees are cut down to make more agricultural land.
II
1.
am
the cause of + Noun
is
are
was
were
2.
so that
+ S+ V..
,with the result that
3.
Lead to + Noun
1. We use the following words and phrases to link actions with results
(causes and effects)
2. They can't occur initially.
3. They should be followed by the rule.
For example,
1 The soil is destroyed so that the land cannot be used for growing crops.
2 The activities of human beings are often the real cause of desertification.
3 Farmers tend to over cultivate their land, with the result that the soil
becomes unproductive.
4 Wildfires can lead to greater pressure on the Earth's most precious resource:
water.
Which words or phrases in these sentences introduce explanation?
1. Some people move to greener areas in order to survive.
2. Because there are growing numbers of people to feed, farmers tend
to over cultivate their land.
3. Trees are usually cut down to make more agricultural land.
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Which words or phrases in these sentences from the article link an

action with a result?
1. ... the top layer of soil is destroyed so that the land can no longer be
used for growing crops ...
2. ... the activities of human beings are often the real cause of
desertification.
3. ... farmers tend to over cultivate their land, with the result that the
soil becomes poor and unproductive.
4. ... this leads to even greater pressure on the Earth's most precious
resource, water.

:So that :- \
Because :- " . + + "
To , in order to ,
Real cause of --------------- \
:With the result that --- +
1. The Amazon rainforest has an important effect on the climate of the
world. it covers such a large area.(because )
------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Large areas of forest have been cut down. the soil is now dry and
dusty.( with the result that)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------3. The rainforest has been cut down. make more farmland.(IN order to)
----------------------------------------------------------------------4. Farmers need more land. they can grow more soya beans.(so that )
-------------------------------------------------------------------5. Loggers cut down trees. sell the wood.(to)
------------------------------------------------------------------6. The man was shouting . he had an accident. (because )
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. In the future, sea levels will rise. the polar ice is melting.(because)
-----------------------------------------------------------------8. People are cutting down forests. have more land for growing food.(to)
-----------------------------------------------------------------9. Many people recycle their rubbish. use up the world's resources.
(in order not to)
----------------------------------------------------------------10. Scientists are trying to produce new fuels. people can continue to use
their cars without damaging the environment. (so that)
---------------------------------------------------------------11. Some people are moving out of their homes on the coast. escape
future floods.(in order to)
----------------------------------------------------------------12. Scientists are worried about climate change. it is a threat to life on
Earth.(because )
----------------------------------------------------------------
" "
1-I turned the radio up so that I could hear the news .
I turned the radio up because ------------------------------.
2-I turned radio up so that I could hear the news .
-I turned radio up in order to--------------------------------.
3-Nawal leaves early everyday in order to catch the bus .
Nawal leaves early everyday so that---------------------------.
4-Nawal left early this morning in order to catch the bus .
-Nawal left early this morning so that----------------------------.
5-The match was cancelled because it was raining .
-The match was cancelled because of-------------------------------.
6-Yasmeen bought a mobile so that she could call her family in the UAE.
Yasmeen bought a mobile because-------------------------------------------------.
7-Amer attends an English language course so that he can a get a better job.
Amer attends an English language course in order
to-------------------------------
Derivation

1) Verb
1.
2.
to (verb)
( )
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Verb 1

Verb 1
3
P.P
3.
4.
5.
(Modals) will
) (dont / doesnt / didnt
Has , have , had

2) Adverb
1.
2.
3.
4.
Adverb,

adverb -ly
be
S + V) main) + O

3) Adjective
)(a , an , the
) (look, seem, become, feel , get

+ as be
as
more be
. the most be
be
)( so , too , very , absolutely

( so , too , very , absolutely) -ly
) ( am, is , are , was, were , been , be be
) ( am, is , are , was, were , been , be be
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

4) Noun
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Noun )(
.a/ an / the

this / these / that / those
Noun
(in, for, from, on, before, into, through out, between, at, of, under, with, without, up,
)about, to, by, out of, until, next to, till, near, during..
Noun
) (my, his , her , its , our , their, your 6.
)The Students.is good. ( perform performance

S. 7.
) ( the , an ,a , no , one , any , some , many , much , a little , a few , another, other 8.
N
*
" 4
* .
: Words suffixes
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A) Noun suffixes:- tion ----------------- education, hesitation, suggestion

- sion ----------------- decision, comprehension, division
- ness ----------------- cleverness , darkness, sadness
- ity ----------------- ability, productivity, activity
-dom --------------- freedom, kingdom, wisdom
-ship --------------- friendship, membership
-ance / - enes --------------importance, relevance, differences,
independence
-ism --------------- nationalism, vandalism,
-Y ---------------- delivery, discovery
-ment --------------- investment, government, encouragement
-th ----------------- strength, truth, length, width
-city ------------- electricity, capacity
-age ---------------- courage, knowledge
-hood ----------------- childhood, motherhood, brotherhood
Lessness -------------------- carelessness, sleeplessness,
breathlessness-ation ------------------ concentration, association, separation
-ant --------------- participant, pollutant
-er\or ------------- teacher, discoverer, visitor, inventor
-ar ------------------liar
-ist --------------- artist, scientist, psychiatrist
-ing ---------------- canning, freezing, swimming
-ss -------------------- success, access
**-al --------------- betrothal, arrival, approval, proposal, betrayal
B) Verb suffixes:-fy ----------------- identify, verify, purify
-en ------------------ enlarge, strengthen, frighten, cam pen
-ize ----------------- socialize, colonize, vandalize
-ate --------------- participate, educate, cooperate
- ed ----------------- succeed
C) Adjective suffixes:-ary ----------------- necessary, voluntary, elementary
-ful ----------------- beautiful, helpful, successful
-y ------------------- dirty, windy, stormy, foggy
-less ----------- careless, useless, sleepless
-ous --------------- dangerous, courageous, various
-al ------------- educational, international, cultural
-ic ------------------- basic, electric, automatic
-ical ------------- economical, biological
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-able\ible --------------- comfortable, portable, valuable, visible, possible

-ive --------------- active, productive, decisive
-some ----------- handsome, wholesome, troublesome
-en ------------------ golden, wooden
-ing -------------- interesting, boring, exiting
**-ly --------------- lovely, friendly, likely
-ed ----------------- interested, bored, excited
-ent\ant ------------ different, independent, important
-ian -------------------- Jordanian, Indian, Canadian
-ate ------------- private
-ish ---------------- foolish, Spanish, British,
-ese --------------- Japanese, Chinese
-I ------------- Omani, Iraqi, Qatari
D) Adverb suffixes:-ly ---------------- quickly, slowly, differently
**exeption:-{hard, fast, late, low} the same as adjectives
1. Earthquakes are example ofdisasters.
(naturally, nature, natural)

2. It is the...of parents to look after their children.
( respond, responsibility , responsible)
3. You must be.when you cross this road.
(careful, care, carefully)
4..warming is leading to climate change.
(globe, global, globally
5.
Some of my friends agreed to ------------------- me with money.
(provide, provided, providing)
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6.

-:
Taj Mahal was ------------------ built of marble.
(create, creative, creation, creatively)

7.
People are worried about the threat of.
( pollute , polluted , pollution )
8.
It is.to drive fast.
(danger, dangerous, dangerously)
9.
Theof forests is harmful to the environment.
( destruction, destroy, destructive )
10. .is better than cure.
( Prevention , Prevent, Preventive )
.
1 Many people believe that the worst crimes are murder and other. acts.
( violence )
2 There would be a .... situation in society . ( chaos )
3 If there were no .... systems , the situation would be bad . ( law )
4 He left court a free man because he had proved that he was
( innocence )
5 The jury said he wasn't .. . ( guilt )
6 Many people find out about the world by reading a . newspaper .
( day )
7 The . of people never commit a crime . ( major )
8 No rain has fallen in the region for two years . This has had
a .. effect on crops . ( disaster )
9 Omar felt very . even though the accident was not his fault .
( guilt )
10 during the storm , there were ... scenes in the city . ( chaos )
11 My weekly ... s .are twice as much as they were last year . ( earn )
12 The ... boom of the 1960s and 1970s was funded by oil.
( economy )
13 And because there no clean drinking water, .. spreads very
quickly through the population . ( infect )
14 Some human activities are .. the natural world .
( destroying , destruction , destroy )
15 Average are expected to double in the next ten years .
( earn , earnings )
16 It has been a ................ year for the tea industry .
( disaster , disastrous , disastrously )
17 Storms caused the .............of most of the crops .
( destroyed , destroy , destruction )
18 Omar is good at languages and history but maths is his .. .
( weak , weaken , weakness )
19 Some people think the good journalists can't be too .
( emotion , emotional )
20 She is hard-working and can also ............... other people .
( motivate , motivation , motivated )
21 The self-employed have to show . about their working hours .
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( flexible , flexibility )
22 Ali is very clever and I don't know why he has no . .
( confidence , confident , confidently )
: Q1:1 violent 2 chaotic 3 legal 4 innocent 5 guilty 6 daily
7 majority 8 disastrous 9 guilty 10 chaotic 11 earning
12 economic 13 - infection14 - destroying 15- earnings 16 disastrous
17- destruction18 weakness 19 emotional 20 motivate 21 flexibility
22 confidence
Q 1 : Choose the word between brackets :

1 She works for a voluntary . went into the festival .
( organize , organization , organizational )
2 The job requires a high level of ... ability .
( organize , organization , organizational )
3 - He always gives his help very .. .
( generosity , generosity , generously )
4 The whole family was when he won the prize .
( astonish , astonished , astonishment )
5 The .. of the dam coasted two million J.D .
( construct , construction , constructed )
6 - The earthquake caused terrible .... across the country .
( destroy , destruction , destroyed )
7 He always gives his help very .. .
8 My uncle was so . that he bought presents for everybody .
( generous , generosity , generously )
9 It is time to think . about the problem of air pollution .
10 Because the government is fully aware of the. of the disease , it has
opened extra medical centers in different regions .
( serious , seriousness , seriously )
11 Ysmeen can .. French , but she can not speak it .
12 The language of the report is beyond the .. of most of the readers
.
( understand , understandable , understanding )
13 My brother told me that he has no .. with those who don't even try .
14 I really admire my graduation as he is always . with his graduation .
( patient , patiently , patience )
15 The lecture had a strong ... on the students .
16 Did she the audience with her good behaviors ?
( impress , impression , impressive )

17 To .. people to make them I behave I away that
is accepted in their communities .
18 When the public and private sectors of any .. work together
they share responsibility and ensure success .
( society , social , socialize )
19 The tourist decided to visit Wadi Rum after reading an about it
20 It is really expensive to on television .
( advertise , advertised , advertisement )
21 The . of the fundraising event has been left to Khaleel .
22 I have to get .. and get something done .
23 We need to .. our thoughts before we begin to speak .
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( organization , organized , organize )

24 In the 21st century many people may use new sources of. .
25 The workers of the factory were so . in doing heir job .
( energetic , energetically , energy )
:
Q1:
1 organization 2 organizational 3 generously

4 astonished 5- construction 6 destruction 7 generously
8 generous 9 seriously 10 seriousness 11 understand
12 understanding 13 patience 14 patient 15 impression
16 impress 17 socialize 18 society 19 advertisement
20 advertise 21 organization 22 organized 23 organize 24 energy
energetic 25
FUNCTIONS

Presenting arguments
The main point / argument for / against ...
Another point / argument ...
Expressing opinions
In my opinion / view, ...
(In fact) its my view that ...

I believe / think that
It felt like ...

For me, the best / worst thing was ...
I didnt know what to expect.
It seems to me that ........
I am against...................../ I am in favour of ..........................
. Talking about past events

(Then) one day, I ...
I was about to go into the garden to play football, when ...
Two months / Ten minutes / Three days later, we ...
The first thing that struck me was ...
That was six years ago.
Remembering a past event

I can remember it very clearly.
I remember thinking / feeling ...
Ill never forget that day / how I felt that day
Ill remember ... forever.
Ill never forget ...
What surprised me was ...
Time expressions
We arrived on (day) at (time).

The next day ... That same day / evening ...
The first thing we / I did / saw was .
Expressing Possibilities

We are concerned that ... may / might / could represent
Perhaps / Possibly / Probably, this will mean that ...
In all likelihood .
:Suggestions
- Let's +
- Why don't + +
:
* Let's go to the park.
* Why don't you see a doctor?
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How about staying at home ing + V

- How about +
*
+ * What about watching TV? ing + V
- What about
- I suggest + V + ing
* I suggest leaving early
*Expressing Agreement
That's true / That's right / I agree / You are right / You may be right
I totally agree / I completely agree
*Expressing Disagreement

I disagree / I am afraid you are wrong / I am afraid I don't agree with you /
I don't agree / I'm afraid I can't agree with you / I can't agree / Itotally disagree
I dont agree / Maybe / I dont think so / Not necessarily / Thats not true /
Not
really

B. Study the following pairs of sentences, and answer the question below.
A. I think this man is rude.
B. You are right.
.................................... ?Which sentence indicates an opinion

5 " -: "
Advantages of mobile phones
Easy to use
Practical
Portable
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ways to reduce water usage
Take shorter showers
Wash your fruits and vegetables in a pan
Turn off the water tap while
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Antonyms

:tiny
:huge
modern :
Oldfashioned:
late :
27
early
-:
young
elderly
rare:
frequent

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Find adjectives from the article ( Why do people leave

their home countries? ) that have the opposite meaning
to words:Ex5p.17(SB)
a. tiny .. b. modern...c. late
d. young . e. rare
Complete this short paragraph with the suitable words
from the list below:
modern, frequent, late, old-fashioned, rarely, early,
elderly
Laila lives with her mum in an ...house which
is built in 1920. Her travels are...She always travels from one
place to another. She works in a . company with her brother . She is
an inactive girl. She always arrives to her work. She ..
arrives .
Modals for Speculation at present

" "
Must--------you feel sure it is .
Cant --------you feel sure it is not
May ,might ,could ---------you think it is possible in the future .
Must have --------you feel sure it was possible
Cant have ---------you feel sure it was possible
May have , might have ,could have ------you think it was possible in the past .
:1-in the sentence " Zaid must have got good grades .He has worked very hard
The speaker is-------" almost sure that zaid has got good grades , sure that zaid has not got good grades , unsure whether zaid
has got good grades or not "
2- in the sentence "Rashed has been working very hard recently .he must be exhausted
" the speaker is --" almost sure that Rashed is exhausted , almost sure that Rashed is not exhausted ,
unsure whether Rashed is is exhausted "
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Sure
Certain
I believe
I know
Definite

Possible
Probable
Likely
I dont believe
I dont know
I am not sure
present simple :A- may , might ,could ---------be + base

B- must , cant -----------be + base
I am Sure that Salma is nice
Salma---------------------------.
I am not sure that Eman lives in Maan
Eman------------------------------------------.
"
past simple :A- may , might , could --------have + v3
B- Must , cant -------+ have + v3
I dont know if Hani came late .
Hani --------------------------------I am sure that salma was in Paris .
Salma -----------------------------------
"
"
Be was\were
been
3- present
continuous
:Do
do\does
done
A- May , might , could
--------be + v1"ing"
Have ,canthad
had + v1"ing"
B- Must
--------have
It is possible that salma is sleeping
Salma-------------------------------------.
I am sure that samia is driving
Samia ----------------------------------4- past continuous :A-MaY ,might , could -----have been + v1"ing"
B- must , must -------have been + v1"ing"
I am certain that mousa wasnt swimming

Mousa--------------------------------------------I am sure that Salma was swimming
Salma----------------------------------------------.
1- I am sure he didnt apply for the job
He------------------------------------------------.
2- I am sure she was upset .
She-----------------------------------------------.
3- its impossible she saw us .
She-------------------------------------------------.
4- I am surer Lina was typing .
Lina--------------------------------------------------.
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\
4
abroad
adapted
fake
plains
temperate
famine
pollution
terrain
b fibers
population
theft
biome
forge
pouch
thorns
c fraud
precious
threat
camouflage g predator
tools
climate
global
principle
transfer
cloth
globe
property
trunks
composted
govern
protect v
confidential
grazing
prove
viruses
congregate
greenhouse r w
consumption
guilty
raise
waste
court h recurrent
waterfall
creatures
habitat
recycle
wildfire
cultivate
hemisphere
refugee
wood
pulp
d humidity
resources
deteriorated I
remote
devastating
icebergs
risk
development
identity
theft
rots
display
illegal
rubbish
domes
dust
incineration ruler
e industry s
emigrated
innocent
seeds
enforce j
shallow
environmentalist
jury
society
environment
l soil
endangered
landfill
solve
a crime
erodes
legal
species
evade m starvation
exotic
materials
structure
export
modernisation
success
extensive
o survive
extinction
original sustainable
-:
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,,,,,

.

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31
-:

RN 968

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RN 968

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Copyright:

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0777679222

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUES TENSE

to stress the length of time an activity has taken:

to talk about an activity which may not be completed:

to talk about an activity which shows a present

Correct the form of the verb:

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

2. a past experience or achievement with a definite result

:Correct the form of the verb

I ..him for three years. I wonder where he is. (not see)

Write the correct verb form to complete these conversations.

Have you ever.. (learn) to play a musical instrument?

Have you(have) a holiday yet this year?

Yes, we've just (come) back from Aqaba.

Complete these conversations using the correct form of the verbs

A I've been ..(think) about taking up tennis.

We have lived in this flat----------2009

: 4-) 1- Nour------------an essay all morning .( be ,write

Choose the correct answer:

1-Ive never been keen ---------museums

5- The Eden project is particularly famous ----------its huge biomes

:1- Ruba is really interested ----------the history of Jordan .

Complete these sentences with the correct

their thorns to protect them.

b. The acacia tree is famous---- being protected by

Choose the correct preposition to complete the

a. Some people arent aware ..of the difference

d. Modern Amman is built .the site of many

The eighteenth century

Answer these interview questions in words, using the information in

b . What's the address of the school? (17, 10th Avenue)

C . How many students go to your school? (about 1,750)

Now rewrite the underlined phrases in these sentences as

by the end of 1854.

a-one thousand eight hundred and forty five

seventy-six percent in my English exam

?What is twice six thousand -4

6.What is a third of twenty- one?

Know the latest information about

Three part phrasal verb

Question Number one :Society

, fine , property , case , mean

1-He did a very good job of washing my car .

1. We use these words and phrases to introduce explanations:

Which words or phrases in these sentences from the article link an

) (look, seem, become, feel , get

)The Students.is good. ( perform performance

A) Noun suffixes:- tion ----------------- education, hesitation, suggestion

-able\ible --------------- comfortable, portable, valuable, visible, possible

(naturally, nature, natural)

Some of my friends agreed to ------------------- me with money.

(provide, provided, providing)

Taj Mahal was ------------------ built of marble.

(create, creative, creation, creatively)

Q 1 : Choose the word between brackets :

( organization , organized , organize )

1 organization 2 organizational 3 generously

It felt like ...

We arrived on (day) at (time).

How about staying at home ing + V

.................................... ?Which sentence indicates an opinion

Find adjectives from the article ( Why do people leave

Modals for Speculation at present