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Dynamics Collisions
1. Newtons third law explains the law of conservation of linear momentum
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2 v2
Where
m1, m2 - Masses of the colliding bodies.
co
m
n.
2. Recoil of a Gun: If a bullet of mass 'm' travelling with a muzzle velocity, is fired from a
at
io
c)
KE b M v
=
=
KE r m V
ed
uc
E.M
M+m
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i
E.m
M+m
ak
3. When a moving shell explodes, its total (vector sum) momentum remains constant but its
w
.s
4. If the velocities of colliding bodies before and after collision are confined to a straight
line, it is called head on collision or one dimensional collision.
5. Elastic collisions
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a) v 1 = m 1 m 2 u 1 + 2 m 2 u 2
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
b) v 2 = 2 m 1 u 1 + m 2 m 1 u 2
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
b) Two bodies of equal masses suffering one dimensional elastic collision, exchange
their velocities after collision. i.e., if m1 = m2 then v1 = u2 and v2 = u1.
If a body suffers an elastic collision with another body of the same mass at rest,
the first is stopped
co
m
c)
first.
i.e. if m1 = m2 and u2 = 0 then v1 = 0; v2 = u1.
When a very light body strikes another very massive one at rest, the velocity of
n.
d)
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the lighter body is almost reversed and the massive body remains at rest. i.e., if m2
>> m1 and u2 = 0, then v1 = u1 and v2 = 0.
e)
When a massive body strikes a lighter one at rest, the velocity of the massive
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body remains practically unaffected where as the lighter one begins to move with a
velocity nearly double as much as that of the massive one. i.e., if m1 >> m2 and u2 = 0,
then v1 = u1 and v2 = 2u1.
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7. A body of mass m1 collides head on with another body of mass m2 at rest. The collision is
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4m1m 2
(m1 + m 2 ) 2
.
2
w
.s
m1 + m 2
8. Inelastic collision
v=
m1u1 + m 2u 2
(m1 + m 2 )
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m1m 2
(u1 u 2 )2
2 m1 + m 2
m1 + m2
b) V =
2gh
c) mv = (M+m)
2gh
(M + m)
2gh
m
n.
d) v =
co
m
a) mv = (M+m)V
v=
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e) If the string of the ballistic pendulum makes an angle with vertical after impact and
M+m
2gl(1 cos )
m
v=
ed
uc
f) If the ballistic pendulum just completes a circle in the plane, velocity of the bullet
M+m
5gl
m
10. Co-efficient of restitution (e): The co-efficient of restitution between two bodies in a
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collision is defined as the ratio of the relative velocity of separation after collision to the
relative velocity of their approach before their collision.
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u1 u 2
w
.s
b) Loss of K.E. = 1 m 1 m 2 ( u 1 u 2 )2 (1 e 2 )
2 m1 + m 2
h1
h
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d) A body dropped from a certain height strikes the ground with a velocity v in a time t
and rebounds with a velocity v1 in a time t1, then
i. e =
ii.
v1
t
And e = 1
v
t
tn = e nt
2h
g
T=
1 + e
1 e
co
m
n.
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Vel =
Speed =
ed
uc
gh 1 e
2 1 + e
gh
2
1 + e2
2
(1 + e )
viii. The time elapses from the moment it is dropped to the second impact with
t=
sh
i
the floor,
2h
(1 + 2e )
g
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11. A ball falls vertically onto a floor with a momentum of P and bounces repeatedly. The total
1+ e
P == p
1 e
w
.s
T =
H=
u2 1 e2n
g 1 e2
2u 1 e n
g 1 e
13. A body is projected with a velocity u making an angle ' ' with horizontal. It makes
number of bounces before coming to rest.
T =
2 u s in
g [1 e ]
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u 2 s in 2
g (1 e 2 )
co
m
u sin = v sin
eu cos = v cos
tan =
tan
e
and
v2 v cos
=
v1 u cos
ed
uc
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io
n.
v = u sin 2 + e2 cos 2
16. A ball strikes a wall with a velocity v at an angle with the wall and
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i
v1 cos = u cos
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v2 v1 sin
=
v1 u sin
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.s
v1 sin = eu sin
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