Components

Butane
LSR Naphtha
HSR Naphtha
Reformate
FCC

Quantity
x
5000
4000
6000
7000

RVP, psi
52
11.1
1
2.8
13.9
8.40640214

xi
0.227
0.182
0.273
0.318

BI(RVP)
139.638
20.261
1.000
3.622
26.839

xi*BI(RVP)
4.605
0.182
0.988
8.540
14.314

17.7827941
22000

8.40640214

0.02767814 626.252544

Components
A
B
C

BPD
2500
3750
5000

SG
0.8
0.85
0.9

FP, oF
xi(fraction)
BI(FPi)
120
0.2064516129 319.996772
100
0.3290322581 728.242202
150
0.464516129 105.977821
117.482565

If the
resulted temperature is lower than 130
Components
A
B
C
D

BPD
2500
3750
5000

SG
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95

FP, oF
120
100
150
220
130

Mass Flow
2000
3187.5
4500
X

BI(FPi)
319.996772
728.242202
105.977821
12.3472881
217.979347

%mass D =
0.39971984
X(Mass Flow) = 6450.79777
X(Volume)= 6790.31344

xi*BI(FPi)
66.0638496
239.615176
49.228407
354.907433

Hu and Burns, 1970 Method

Components
Catalytic cracked gas oil
Straight run gas oil
Light vacuum gas oil
Heavy vacuum gas oil

Riazi Method
Components
Catalytic cracked gas oil
Straight run gas oil
Light vacuum gas oil
Heavy vacuum gas oil

BPD
2000
3000
5000
1000

BPD
2000
3000
5000
1000

Pour Point, oC
-15
-3
42
45

Pour Point, oR
464.67
486.27
567.27
572.67

29.85

545.39

Pour Point, oC
-15
-3
42
45

Pour Point, oK
258.15
270.15
315.15
318.15

29.85

303.00

x(%vol)
0.182
0.273
0.455
0.091

x(%vol)
0.182
0.273
0.455
0.091

BI(PPi)
225.32
397.61
2728.08
3071.07

xi*BI(PPi)
40.97
108.44
1240.04
279.19
1668.63

BI(PPi)
1.40735E+030
2.48349E+030
1.70399E+031
1.91822E+031

xi*BI(PPi)
2.5588E+029
6.7732E+029
7.7454E+030
1.7438E+030
1.0422E+031

Components
A
B
C

BPD
1000
2000
3000

Cloud Point, oF
-5
5
10
6.37

CP, oK
BI(CPi)
252.594444 1.118087750E+048
258.15 1.727597583E+048
260.927778 2.139963231E+048
258.90986

xi
0.167
0.333
0.500

xi*BI(CPi)
1.86348E+047
5.75866E+047
1.06998E+048
1.83220E+048

Components
Light Diesel
Kerosene
LCO

BPD
4000
3000
3000

Aniline Point, oC
71.0
60.7
36.8
58.3

xi, %vol
0.4
0.3
0.3

BI(APi)
1.792
1.675
1.431

xi*BIi
0.717
0.502
0.429
1.649

Calculate Aniline Point, oC

BDP
Components
4000
A
3000
B
3000
C

Calculate Gravity Blend

Calculate Smoke Point, oC =

Aniline Point, oC
50
60
55
54.6
SGBlend =

SG
0.75
0.8
0.85

0.795
23.88

xi, %vol
0.4
0.3
0.3

BI(APi)
1.561
1.667
1.613

xi*BI(APi)
0.624
0.500
0.484
1.609

xi*SGi
0.3
0.24
0.255

Components
Fraction - 1
Fraction - 2
Fraction - 3

BPD
2000
3000
4000

Viscosity, cSt
75
100
200
125.796

xi, %vol
0.222
0.333
0.444

BI(vis)
0.385
0.400
0.434

xi*BI(vis)
0.085
0.133
0.193
0.412

Calculate the RON by linear mixing of octane numbers and by linear mixing of octane number indices
Quantity
RON
Components
6000
97.3
Alkylate C4
4000
67.2
Coker Gasoline
5000
83.2
FCC Gasoline
Linear mixing of octane numbers
Quantity
Components
6000
Alkylate C4
4000
Coker Gasoline
5000
FCC Gasoline

RON
97.3
67.2
83.2

xi, %vol
0.400
0.267
0.333

RON =

xi*RONi
38.92
17.92
27.73
84.57

Linear mixing of octane number indices

Quantity
RON
Components
6000
97.3
Alkylate C4
4000
67.2
Coker Gasoline
5000
83.2
FCC Gasoline

88.08

xi, %vol
0.400
0.267
0.333

BI(RONi)
67.660459267
53.690805179
58.780019968

xi*BI(RONi)
27.064
14.318
19.593
60.975
60.975

It is required to produce gasoline with a RON of 95 from the blending the above product with MTBE.
Calculate the amount of the oxygenate MTBE with a RON of 115 to be added in order to adjust the blend RON to 95.
Quantity
RON
xi, %vol
BI(RONi)
xi*BI(RONi)
Components
6000
97.3
0.400
67.660459267
27.064
Alkylate C4
4000
67.2
0.267
53.690805179
14.318
Coker Gasoline
5000
83.2
0.333
58.780019968
19.593
FCC Gasoline
X
115
MTBE
BI(RON MTBE) =
BI(RON Product) =

126.772825
65.558875

x.BI(MTBE) + (1-x).Above Blend = BI(Product)

x.126.773 + (1-x).60.975 = 65.5589
x=
0.06966605
X/(X+15000) = 0.06967
X=
1123.24271

number indices

uct with MTBE.

to adjust the blend RON to 95.

BACH HO CRUDE - MAXI DISTILLATE CASE

Mogas A95 Blending Calculation
Components
C4
Isomerate
Reformate
RFCC Naphtha

TPSD
43
489
1291
883

BPSD
452
4690
9820
7765

Characteristics
RON
Density, kg/l
98.7
0.593
86.4
0.656
102
0.827
91.7
0.715
91.59

AutoDiesel Blending Calculation

Components
TPSD
Kerosene
0
LGO
4226
HGO
1280
HDT LCO
3870

BPSD
0
32775
9700
28307

Density
0.776
0.811
0.830
0.860

Sulfur, ppm wt
50
200
290
50

Fuel Oil Blending Calculation

Components
TPSD
HGO
315
LCO
32

BPSD
2387
232

Density
0.83
0.86

Sulphur, ppm
290
50

0.833

Riazi (2005)
Hu and Burn 1970

RVP, kPa
441
88
18
51

xi, %vol
0.020
0.206
0.432
0.342

xi, %mass
0.016
0.181
0.477
0.326

BI(RON)
71.033
105.609
72.971
82.628

57.517

Pour Point, oC
-58
-3
20
-19

Cetane Index
49
63
64
42

xi,%mass
0.000
0.451
0.137
0.413

xi,%vol
0.000
0.463
0.137
0.400

-2.36
Cetane Additive

54.74

Pour Point, oC
20
-19

Viscosity, cSt
5.8
2

18.2
18.4

5.2

xi,%mass
0.908
0.092

xi, %vol
0.911
0.089

xi(vol)*BIi
1.413
21.794
31.530
28.231

RON(additive)
1.963
17.830
44.073
31.331

82.967
82.967

95.20

Density*xi
0.000
0.376
0.114
0.344

Sulphur*xi
0.000
92.608
39.742
19.996

0.833

152.346

BI(PP)
6.89642E+030
1.15778E+030

Pour Point, oR
527.67
457.47

6.38807E+030
524.783

Density
0.012
0.135
0.357
0.244

RVP, psi
63.962
12.763
2.611
7.397

BI(RVP)
3.597
4.978
1.434
4.168

0.749

8.342

14.178

BI(PP)
1.443001825E+029
2.483488472E+030
6.896420458E+030
1.157781019E+030
2.558064486E+030

BI(PPi)
1104.114
185.360

BI(vi)
0.203
0.091
0.193

1022.728

Composition, RON, MON olefin and aromatic contents of blending components

Components
xi, vol
RON
MON
Reformate
0.41
97.8
87
Thermally Cracked
0.04
70.4
65.1
Catalytically Cracked
0.32
92.6
80.2
Polymerised
0.09
96.8
82.3
LSR
0.14
58
58
The reported experimental value of the RON is 91.8
a. Calculate the RON and MON for the blend using Equation 9.22
and then compare with the reported experimental value.
b. Calcualte the RON of blend using the blending index method (Equation 9.20) and compare with the reporte
a. Solution:
RONav=
MONav=
Sav=
RSav=
MSav=
%Oav=
%O^2av
%Aav=
%A^2av=

89.38
79.47
9.91
941.74
824.67
28.11
1852.38
34.44
1821.11

According to Equation 9.22, the RON is calculated:

RONblend =
92.13
MONblend =
81.49
b. Solution (using blending indices)
Components
Reformate
Thermally Cracked
Catalytically Cracked
Polymerised
LSR

xi, vol
0.41
0.04
0.32
0.09
0.14

RON
97.8
70.4
92.6
96.8
58
92.69

MON
87
65.1
80.2
82.3
58

%Olefin
1.4
32.5
53.3
100
1.3

%Aromatic
63.1
9.8
23.9
0
3.8

Sensitive
10.8
5.3
12.4
14.5
0

9.20) and compare with the reported experimental value.

BI(RONi)
68.164
54.529
63.706
67.174
51.516
63.772
63.772

RS(RONxSensitive)
1056.24
373.12
1148.24
1403.6
0

MS(MONxSensitive)
939.6
345.03
994.48
1193.35
0

%O^2
1.96
1056.25
2840.89
10000
1.69

%A^2
3981.61
96.04
571.21
0
14.44

DATA
DATA

Given Data
Calculated Data

Barrels
RVP, psi
Component
3000
12.1
LSR Gasoline
2000
15.5
Hydrocracker Gasoline
6013.5
4.8
FCC Gasoline
638.5
51.6
n-Butane
Calculate the amount of FCC Gasoline and n-Butane that must be added to the blend to produce a gasoline of
RVPBlend(BI) =
VisBlend(BI) =

22.335
-0.103

The blend is performed for LSR, Hydrocracker, FCC Gasoline and n-Butane
Calculate the amount of each component that must be added to produce gasoline blend of maximum octane nu
Problem 2:
Barrels
RVP, psi
Component
X1
12.1
LSR Gasoline
X2
15.5
Hydrocracker Gasoline
X3
4.8
FCC Gasoline
X4
51.6
n-Butane
XT
12
Blend
The maximum blend storage capacity is 15000 barrels
Redo the calculation if the available amount of FCC gasoline is 6000 barrels.

Component
LSR Gasoline
Hydrocracker Gasoline
FCC Gasoline
n-Butane
Storage Capacity
Blend

Barrels
0
0
4257
559
4816

RVP, psi
12.1
15.5
4.8
51.6
12

X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 <= 15000
X1, X2, X3, X4 > = 0
MAX(RON)
RVP = 12 pis

Viscosity, cSt
RVP (BI)
Vis(BI)
0.2886
22.567
-0.219
0.4140
30.755
-0.146
0.8607
7.105
-0.022
0.3500
138.297
-0.179
d to the blend to produce a gasoline of 12 psi RVP and 0.525 cSt viscosity.

xi, vol fraction

0.257
0.172
0.516
0.055

22.335
-0.103

e gasoline blend of maximum octane number and 12 psi RVP.

RON
91
89.5
97
93
Max

MON
81
85.5
96
92

RON
91
89.5
97
93

MON
81
85.5
96
92

Max
96.6

xi, vol fraction

0.000
0.000
0.884
0.116
Required
Calculated

BI(RVP)
22.567
30.755
7.105
138.297
22.335
22.335

xi*RVP(BI)
5.810
5.279
3.667
7.579

BI(RON)
62.638
61.741
67.367
63.993
MAX
66.975
66.975

xi*RVP(BI)
-0.056
-0.025
-0.011
-0.010