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<![CDATA[IMPHAL, February 18 (NNN): Challenging the recent rise in cases of racist attacks on the
people from the North East by the mainland Indians in the national capital, the Joint Students Coordination Committee (JSCC), a conglomerate of six student bodies today organized a one-day open
discussion on the topic "Racial Discrimination in India Recent attacks on the people from the North
East" which was held at D. M. College of Commerce, Imphal.
Billed as the first kind of discussion organized regarding the racial discrimination of the North East people
by mainland Indians, JSCC maintained that many more of such discussion programmes will be organised
to voice the atrocities faced by the people of the North East people.
Speaking at the occasion, social activist Dr. Dhanabir Laishram stated that racial discrimination on the
North Easterners is not a new subject, but the issue has been there since times immemorial. The reason
for the discrimination, according to him is based on many factors at which the North Eastern India region
falls short as compared to the mainland.
Lack of basic need infrastructures in the North East makes the most important factor for its setback,
according to Dr Dhanabir Laishram. Moreover, lack of proper schools, colleges and learning institutions
resulting to stagnation in education sector and other developments are the elements hampering the
development of the north eastern regions, he said.
Dhanabir also stated that due to lack of educational infrastructure and facilities, students from north east
leave for Delhi and other mainland regions for attaining college degrees and jobs. The students
community and job seekers always feel insecure about their stays in the capital and are prone to many
forms of racial attack and discrimination, Dr Dhanabir Laishram added.
Many eminent personalities and academicians took part in today`s event including Ningthouja Lancha,
editor, Kangla Lanpung, Homen Thangjam, assistant professor, Maharaj Bodhachandra College,
Arambam Noni, assiatant professor, Moirang College, Dr. Baja Kumar, principal D. M. Colege of
Commerce, Nongthombam Boby, Centre for Myanmar Studies, Manipur University (MU), research
scholar of JNU, Gunamani and Kumarchand, HOD Statistics department, MU. Arambam Lokendra.
nam
Racism has three main elements i) a vision that society is composed of inherently different
groups, ii) a delusional belief that due to the persistence and mutation of the race, people are
different and should not interact and iii) this difference is what becomes into a programme of
political action[2]. There is ofcourse no theory till date (hopefully would not be in the future)
which can justify Racism on people outside a country but it is hard to believe that people within
India are meted with such inhuman treatment and still no one bats an eyelid.
India is home to various cultures, ethnic groups and this is not something which the people of our
country are unaware of. Over centuries, India has always been looked up as to a civilisation
which has borne the pressure of multi-everything. Historically the north east was never part of
mainland India[3]. There were hues and cries for self-determination which were unheard thus
consequently the people (of the Mongoloid Stock) in the North East were then officially
perceived as primitives or in isolation[4] and this perception has, unfortunately not changed.
There is widespread discrimination against North east people (women being the soft targets)
especially in Delhi but the tragic part of the story being that this infection has spread to various
parts of our country, with cities like Bangalore, Chennai also being part to the utter disgrace.
The Challenge of Equality
In India the need for an egalitarian society has been since forever which has generated many
legal scholars, laws, legal institutions yet the dream of an ideal equal society is delusional and
impossible in a society which is characterised by inequality. Countries have been drafting their
Constitutions guaranteeing equality and non-discrimination nevertheless the scourge of
inequalities continues to persist. Tolerance has been stated to be the answer to all questions
concerning inequality but this tolerance has taken the form of segregation, subjugation and
exploitation[5].
The construction of our constitution in this regard has been very interesting as in the last sixty
years the scheme of the constitution has been to avoid caste-based and gender-based
discrimination. India has had to suffer more through the hands of caste based discrimination,
racism being a global phenomenon[6]. Inspite of having adopted the UN Conventions for over
fifty years, incidence of racial discrimination, exploitation of marginalised groups are on a
rise[7]. This just makes any right to an equal life without discrimination at a macro level, a
myth[8]. The end of Apartheid is just the beginning of a surge against the various forms of racial
abuse.
The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination was the first body created by the
UN to review the measures taken by the member states to eliminate racial discrimination[9]. The
reports submitted by India have always been in relation to steps taken to remove discrimination
against Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes. Indian government has always been pro-active in
determining the rights of people against racial discrimination not only in South Africa but also of
Asian races in the US but now it is time clean our home.
A VIEW OF RACISM THROUGH THE GENDER LENS
The culture in the North East is in stark contrast to the culture which is prevalent in the
mainland. North East has always been advanced in the sense of providing equal freedom to the
women of the region. Women here have always enjoyed greater mobility and visibility as
compared to any part of the country. There have been very less number of cases reported of
dowry death or of any kind of exploitation of women. The picture of equity has been prevalent in
the society, infact this region has no element of social marginalization despite having small tribal
groups. It would not be going overboard by saying that it is one of the few places in India which
can claim to be on the path of an Egalitarian society.
The problem only comes into picture when the people migrate to the mainland due to a number
of pull and push factors. The North East region has been subjected to a number of developmental
problems[10]; the terrain makes it almost impossible for any infrastructural growth, there is lack
of educational and employment oppurtunities, insurgency has made life a living nightmare for
the locals and the most important part- there is a two-way deficit of understanding between the
mainland and the North East Region[11], which is the sole reason for the discrimination faced by
the north eastern women when they migrate to Indian cities.
The mindset of people caters to various prejudices prevalent in the society. Woman has always
been treated as an object of gratification, a possession, a property incapable of reason and
responsibility. We have all contributed to the sex stereotyping of roles assigned to the women be
it in the biological or sociological sense. These stigmas are deeply rooted especially in our
society[12]. When North Eastern women are subjected to racial humiliation and exploitation,
they are victims of Discrimination within Discrimination[13].The suffering of a woman soaked
in racial exploitation is the curse these women from the North East constantly face.
HOW DOES INDIA TREAT ITS NORTH EAST WOMEN
A recent gang-rape case of a Mizo girl in the countrys capital left everyone in a state of shock
and embarrassment. This ofcourse is not the first or last of the incidents of racial discrimination
meted out to the women from North East, infact their miserable plight is slowly becoming the
bitter hidden truth which was never realised. North East women are the prime example of an
ethnic minority who inspite of being in a multi-cultural and multi-ethnic society are the victims
of marginalisation and alienation from the mainstream[14].
New Delhi, very infamously known as the Rape Capital of India, has one more feather in its
hat. Although being the leading city in the country, it also leads in discriminating the so called
Chinkis. There has been a large amount of migration of people from the hills to metros like
Delhi (Mumbai, Bangalore and other big cities included) in pursuit of higher education, jobs,
better living standards as life back in the hills has never been a simple affair with socio-economic
unrest, insurgency, lack of infrastructure[15]. These push-factors are ofcourse a result of the
incompetency of the government but this problem can for the meantime wait.
Research study conducted by North East Support Centre and Helpline[16] (NESCH) reveals that
seventy eight out of every hundred North East people face racial discrimination, sexual attacks
against women, human trafficking and violence in Delhi[17]. India has heard of caste
discrimination but the racist attacks belong to the newer generation. The root cause of such
discrimination is nothing but Social/Racial Profiling[18]. North East womens colour, facial
features are very different from the people in other states (thanks to their Mongoloid origin) and
they become objects to frown upon. Inspite of there being a lot of initiatives and legal
intervention to curb racial discrimination, it has percolated through the society. The challenges
faced by the North East women like sexual assault, racial/social profiling has been due to various
causes.
Time and again such discrimination has been alleged to have been a consequence of the open
culture of the North Eastern communities, this leads to believing that women from North East
due to their looks, their dressing sense, their attitude are easy[19]. This makes the girls very
vulnerable in the eyes of perpetrators. This is a very psychological approach where once the
opinion is formed upon ones appearances, culture and levelling the community as being inferior,
now once the social profile of a community is formed ones social, economic or professional
status does not matter at all and the community becomes the victim of discrimination.
Social profiling is a reflection of the caste system
The cultural difference between the North Eastern Region and the Indian mainland is not a
secret; both have to be equally blamed for the failure to integrate. Women from the North East
women come from a free culture where they do enjoy equal oppurtunities which is different from
the mainline socio-cultural setup thus they are considered as outsiders polluting the existing
mainland culture.
The North Eastern women coming from the Mongoloid stocks do not fall within the four caste
hierarchies, and as Indian society always looks upon them from the caste perspective[20], they
are considered as outcaste. Being a woman has always been hard in a male dominated society,
thus the North Eastern women who are never considered a part of the larger society, subjected to
racial and sexual discrimination, this is nothing but a reflection of the deep-rooted caste
system[21].
Challenges of Human Trafficking
Human Trafficking has been recognised as the largest organised crime worldwide, this epidemic
has strong foothold even in the Indian context. Most often than not, the victims of such gross
human violations have been women and children from socio-economically background. The life
and challenges of social/racial profiling has manifested to a different level altogether by young
North Eastern women being the new found targets[22]. Due to the unrest in the North Eastern
Region, the young women who are discriminated in the society have become the victims to the
false promises of the traffickers[23]. Tackling such human rights violation will be a much more
daunting task in addition to racial discrimination and sexual exploitation.
Police Inactiveness
The police accountability is especially low in cases of racial discrimination; problem starts with
not registering the incident itself, in case where incidents are registered the inactiveness of police
to take affirmative action adds to the vulnerability of the North Eastern Women. The women are
double wounded, first to deal with the humiliation, and to add to ones miseries the police
intentionally ignores, denies or delays the registration of complaint. According to a report of the
NGO, North East Support Centre and Helpline, almost 64% of the cases are not registered in the
first place and out the ones where a FIR is filed only in 11% of the cases action was taken by the
police to arrest the culprits[24].
Instead of tackling the situation with the powers conferred upon them, Delhi Police recently
released a booklet, Tips of Dos and Donts for north east communities in Delhi[25] which
basically is asking the citizens of the country to behave differently in their own country!
RESPONSE TO RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
It is a well established fact that in our country racial discrimination is a pure reflection of Indian
caste system[26]. Racism generates particular mistrust and alienation; within societies like ours
where there are other evils, it becomes particularly difficult to react to discrimination as the
effect is evident but the cause is hard to prove. The state can provide the society with a number
of public education programmes, can notify sophisticated legislations but the problem can never
be solved unless the perception, the mindset of a common man is addressed. Rules do exist but
we might probably respect the letter of the law but never its intention. Too often, antidiscrimination legislations lack enforcement, when enforced the value of racial equality are not
internalised. As a result of this cycle people do not mobilise in their defence
North Eastern women becoming soft targets is part of the larger challenges faced by the Indian
society today. The discrimination to these women is a violation of their constitutional rights
which needs to be addressed before it becomes too late. The solution to the crisis that we are
faced with is not with any special legislation or law enforcement mechanism. There are infact a
number of declarations, conferences and laws banning racism but the problem is the pervasive
disrespect; the problem is social and not legal.
ARE WE OVER-REACTING
It is a debateable issue as to whether the discrimination is towards women in general or the north
eastern women in particular. As we have established the problem of the discrimination is rooted
in the mental element of people in the mainland face. There has always been the two-way deficit
of understanding between the mainland and the north eastern region. By publishing the booklet
which asks the North Eastern women to behave accordingly, the Delhi police has actually
brought into the aspect of infringement of Right to freedom. The culture of the North Eastern
people is questioned; the women are blamed because of their dressing sense for the exploitation
that they suffer from. The feeling of colonial internalisation and alienation is well set within
every North Eastern. Their behaviour also in cases adds to the problem. They at times do not
mingle well with the society as such, they prefer to restrict their social lives well within their
people but one cannot blame them for such indifferent behaviour as such isolation is way better
than being victims of racist comments, violence and sexual exploitation
Now giving an analogy of another minority, the Parsees; they as a community were far more
westernised, their culture was way different from that of the mainland. They were known for
maintaining distance with the society, married within their own community. Yet the women from
this community were treated no differently. Was it because the Parsees belonged to a community
which was economically better off or because they adopted Gujarati ( a mainland language) as
their mother tongue or because they could merge with the mainstream Indian look; and why then
are the North Eastern women the target of racism, they infact are from India( as opposed to
Parsees being from Iran). Why then is the culture of North Eastern women a cause for their
discrimination? There are and sometime always will remain some unanswered questions.
This discrimination is because there is still a large group of people in India who are ignorant
enough to say that how can so many ethnic minorities exist in one country. The North Eastern
States were never part of our country until post independence, their history and development are
virtually unattached to the rest of India[27]. It is just a matter of education, of bringing the
problem to awareness and attention that is most instrumental in propelling social changes for the
better.
DISCRIMINATION THAT MUST BE CAST AWAY
In the problem of racism, the losers are frequently members of ethnic groups whose vulnerability
results from a history of oppression, discrimination and exploitation. Racism has impoverished
the North Eastern women to such a level that they are deprived in terms of their capabilities.
Every single North Eastern woman has been socially deprived of a free society in her own
country. Such poverty and social disadvantage are the evidence to confirm and sometimes justify
the racial prejudices and discriminatory practices of the dominant group[28]. Let us go into the
depth of the crisis that we are faced here with.
The construction of the self and the other is borrowed from vague notions of race and
ethnicity; it determines the culture of the dominant group as being the self, where deviance is
treated as inappropriate, the deviant thus subjected to various kinds of exploitation[29]. This
situation gives rise to new vectors of inequality, such settings of a society where the other is
relegated to social peripheries misperceptions are bound to grow.
Ethnicity itself is a discourse of Domination, the distinction between nation and ethnicity being
tenuous. Any form of ethnic mobilisation is often the reaction to the imposition of a dominant
culture or discriminatory treatment[30]. Let us for once assume that cultural differences are not
problematic per se, and then the main factor which needs to be considered is how it interacts or
intersects with power dynamics. The crisis we are dealing with is a classic example
of Domination within domination[31]. The women are victims of subjugation by the male
dominated society, exploitation being the members of a ethnic minority and are also at the
receiving end of the stereotyping.
The universilisation of a dominant groups culture becomes the norm and everything else is
rubbished or is defined as being infeiror. The discrimination against North Eastern women occurs
through subtle mechanisms; referring to them as Chinkis, passing lewd comments, restraint on
entering social places[32]; in such cases racism is often difficult to detect, it is also difficult to
ascertain in courts that the discrimination occurs, this is also compounded by the fact that in
many cases there is a lack of reliable information and racial data which makes it nearly
impossible to determine whether racial discrimination exists or not.
The North Eastern woman besides looking different has many other factors which mark her as
being a deviant. The perceived morals of the other as being fast or loose and the stigma
attached with such perceptions triggers racist attacks, misunderstood by people as an indication
of the poor character of these women. Feminine modesty is one thing our countrys culture
does not compromise upon, it also brings along itself a social distance from men[33]. When such
boundaries are crossed one becomes a victim of severe social scrutiny. Thus the North Eastern
woman is seen as being the most vulnerable, unprotected targets for the inhuman forms of
exploitation. The problem of exploitation of women due to racial difference is social and not just
biological[34]. Human Decency is what determines the fairness towards other social groups
and this decency is what a culturally conditioned attitude of mind is. Whatever differences may
exist between people, however concrete these differences may be, the willingness to understand
those differences and to act upon them sympathetically ought to increase; it is not something a
legal intervention can provide for.
Since race prejudice rests on false premises, it is somehow always rationalized. People
subjecting the North Eastern women to racial exploitation in various forms justify their
behaviour by blaming these women for their vulnerability. The semi-awareness of the real nature
of the problem, the rationalization is never regarded as the expression of prejudice but as an
explanation of the discriminatory behaviour. The irony of ironies being that few of such
rationalisers are aware that their reasons are simply devices for concealing their antipathies.
The very injustice of such cultural domination and prejudice is the identity crisis which the
North Eastern women face. They are faced with the dilemma of either identifying themselves,
interpreting their social life in the light of experience, attitude and behaviour of the dominant
group so as to be accepted or to be identified as belonging to the other or inferior group and
thus being subjected to gross human rights violations. The need of the hour is to recognize that
such discrimination is the problem. In our country for any problem to be redressed, the problem
needs to be named, only then can it be tackled; recognizing the identity of North Eastern women
and providing them with equal oppurtunities so as to achieve what all the societies of the world
have been aiming for, acceleration of de facto equality.
Taniam's death in January this year to the more recent mysterious death of Kashung
Zingran Kengoo in November, a PhD scholar from TISS residing in south Delhi, such
unfortunate incidents have only kept recurring in India's capital city. Until 21st
November, 2014 the establishedHelpline number 1093 received 872 calls out
of which an alarming 666 were crime-related (Source: North East Students Society
(NESS) Delhi University) - what all these victims had in common is the region they
belonged to.
Let's draw a parallel to illustrate this better. For instance, just as the West exerts its
superior culture over the East, if we look closely this 'Self' and 'Other' binary is
applicable to the current Indian scenario as well. What is embarrassing is here, India
discriminates against its own countrymen by marginalizing the North East Region,
thereby othering it. The very use of the term "Northeast" is problematic. Such
clubbing together of the entire region into a single entity is one of the root causes of
generalizations that it is subjected to and the stereotypes that arise thereafter.
To examine this issue through the lens of culture, it seems like a battle-field of
perceptions.
The Indians :
I hope, dear reader, that you recognize what and where this is from.
Hindi aata hai? Bhai, tera kya jata hai? Well, the language
barrier is one issue that needs to be tackled with. News Flash: Hindi
can be learnt, just like any other language and one definitely needs
it as a survival strategy, at a new place, miles away from home.
'Rape Capital' - Delhi. The horror of it! New Delhi also tops
the charts as it is reported to be the most intolerant city towards
women from North East India at a staggering rate of 81% of women
respondents facing racial discrimination. It can surely be agreed
upon that crimes can happen anywhere, and to anyone (our country
is that safe!) and treating every case from a racial angle would not
be the right approach; but try as one might, nothing changes the
harsh reality of it. Unless Delhi becomes safe for each citizen, and
the country at large as well, this is the image one would take to
his/her grave.
Dare to disagree?