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AP Practice Problems
Unit 9 Solutions
Multiple Choice (no calculator)
For questions 1-3, one or more of the
following responses will apply; each
response may be used more than once or not
at all in these questions.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Molarity (M)
Molality (m)
Density
pH
pOH
b.
c.
d.
e.
c.
d.
e.
I.
II.
III.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Freezing-point
depression
Vapor pressure
lowering
Boiling-point
elevation
I only
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II, and III
0.5m NaCl
0.5m KBr
0.5m CaCl2
0.5m C6H12O6
0.5m NaNO3
Sodium
Silver
Chlorine
Sodium chloride
Silver chloride
60 grams/mole
120 grams/mole
240 grams/mole
480 grams/mole
640 grams/mole
e.
g/mol
a.
b.
g/mol
c.
g/mol
d.
e. (31.0)(0.93)(1.86)(2.00)
g/mol
9. What is the boiling point of a 2 m
solution of NaCl in water? (The
boiling point elevation constant, kb,
for water is 0.5C/m.) (P9.12)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
100C
101C
102C
103C
104C
b.
c.
d.
b.
c.
g/mol
d.
e.
0.25-molar
0.50-molar
1.0-molar
2.0-molar
4.0-molar
1/3
2/3
b.
c.
d.
e.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.5 moles
1 mole
2 moles
4 moles
5 moles
e.
I.
II.
III.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
I only
III only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
2 liters
4 liters
6 liters
8 liters
12 liters
Ksp = [Ag+][CO3-2]
Ksp = [Ag+][CO3-2]2
Ksp = [Ag+]2[CO3-2]
Ksp = [Ag+]2 [CO3-2] 2
Ksp = [Ag+]2 [CO3-2] 3
x2
2x2
x3
2x3
4x3
0.20 M
0.10 M
0.050 M
0.025 M
0.012 M
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
e.
b.
c.
d.
e.
NaCl
CuNO3
CaCl2
NaCO3
KI
a.
b.
d.
e.
Osmotic Pressure
Freezing-point Depression
Vapor Pressure
Raoults Law
Henrys Law
I and III
II and V
III and IV
IV and V
V and I
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
I
II
III
IV
V
c.
a.
I
II
III
IV
V
d.
e.
I and III
II
III and V
IV
V
Boiling point
Surface tension
Vapor pressure
Melting point
Osmotic pressure
c.
KCl
C2H5OH
C6H6
H2O
HC2H3O2
d.
e.
Freezing-point depression
Vapor pressure
Boiling-point elevation
Surface tension
Osmotic pressure
Freezing-point depression
Boiling-point elevation
Osmotic pressure
Vapor pressure
Gas density
b.
c.
d.
e.
Freezing-point depression
Osmotic pressure
Boiling-point depression
Gas density
Vapor pressure
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
b.
c.
d.
e.
c.
d.
e.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
NaF electrolyte
CH3OH weak electrolyte
Mg(C2H3O2)2 electrolyte
CH3CH2COOH weak
electrolyte
Glucose nonelectrolyte
NaF
AlCl3
Mg(C2H3O2)2
CH3CH2COOH
Glucose
Molarity
Mass percentage
Molar mass
Empirical formula
Molecular formula
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.765 M
1.31 M
7.65 M
12.61 M
0.131 M
0.548
0.345
0.645
1.82
0.452
b.
c.
d.
e.
1.2108 M
1.210-7 M
2.510-8 M
0.121 M
1.210-10 M
b.
c.
d.
e.
Mg(NO3)2
KCl
Na2SO4
HCOOH
HF
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
7.5C
-7.5C
0.0C
-26.8C
-284.5C
b.
c.
d.
e.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.60 gL-1
0.207 gL-1
0.975 gL-1
0.212 gL-1
The answer cannot be
determined from the data
0.207
0.261
0.739
0.793
4.83
2.73 g
3.68 g
27.3 g
164 g
3.69 g
e.
28.4
14,200
1.00
7.1
14.2
d. If the density of the solution is 875 grams per liter, what is the molarity of the
solution?
2. Explain the following statements in terms of the chemical properties of the substances
involved. (P9.3)
a. A 1-molal aqueous solution of sodium chloride has a lower freezing point than a
1-molal aqueous solution of ethanol.
d. In a dilute aqueous solution, molarity and molality have the same value.
b. When all of the limiting reagent has been consumed in (a), how many moles of
the other reactant (not water) remain?
d. What is the value of [Mg+2] in the solution at the end of the experiment? (Assume
that the volume of the solution remains unchanged.)
7. B
8. B
9. C
10. A
11. C
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. B
16. D
17. C
18. E
19. C
20. C
21. C
22. E
23. A
24. C
25. B
26. B
27. C
28. E
29. D
30. A
43. D
44. B
45. A
31. E
32. B
33. C
34. B
35. E
36. A
46. B
47. D
Essays
1. For the problem
a. Freezing point depression T = 5.50C 0.06C = 5.44C
T = kfm
5.44C = (5.12C/m)m
m = 1.06
m = moles solute/kg solvent
Rearrange to
moles solute = (molality)(kg solvent)
moles solute = (1.06m)(0.050 kg) = 0.053 moles
Molecular weight = grams/mole = 3.72 g/0.053 moles = 70.2 grams
b. Use percent by mass and molecular weight
For carbon (86%)(70g/mol) = 60 g/mol
Molar mass of carbon = 12 g/mol so 60/12 = 5 moles C
For hydrogen (14%)(70g/mol) = 10 g/mol
Molar mass of hydrogen = 1 g/mol so 10/1 = 10 moles H
Molecular Formula = C5H10
c. There are 0.053 moles of hydrocarbon. Find moles of benzene.
d. M = mol/L
Mass of solution = 50.00 g + 3.72 g = 53.72 g
D = m/V
V = 0.0614 L
= 0.030 moles H2
b. Moles of CuSO4 remaining = 0.100 mol 0.060 mol = 0.040 mol
c.
4. Behaviors of solutions
a. Polar substances tend to dissolve polar solutes better than nonpolar solutes and
nonpolar solutes dissolve nonpolar solutes better than polar solutes.
b. The nonvolatile solute decreases the fraction of the solute with enough kinetic
energy to vaporize. Because the vapor pressure is decreased, it therefore requires
a higher temperature to achieve a vapor pressure of 1.0 atm than is required for
boiling.
c. m = =
Tf = -(0.787m)(20.2Cm-1) = -15.91C
T = 6.50 15.91 = -9.41C
d. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in water and conduct electricity well.
Weak electrolytes dissociate but not completely. They conduct electricity, but
poorly. Nonelectrolytes do not dissociate and do not conduct electricity.
e. 15.210-3 g CrCl3