CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter covered the research method taken to answer the research problem
and how the researchers went about in gathering data to answer their research questions.
This includes: Research Design, Research Locale, Research Population and Sample, Data
Gathering Procedure, Instrumentation, and Statistical Treatment.

Research Design
Descriptive or Survey Research Design attempts to describe and explain
conditions of the present by using many subjects and questionnaires to fully describe a
phenomenon.
Survey research illustrates the principles of descriptive research and it provides an
accurate and efficient means for describing people's thoughts, opinions, and feelings.
Surveys also involve the use of a predetermined set of questions, generally in the form of
a questionnaire. Survey research does provide an excellent way to examine people's
attitudes and opinions.
Therefore, the most suitable method in this case was the descriptive-survey
research design in conducting the study wherein it helped to obtain the respondents view
and beliefs through the method of survey. This type of research was able to scrutinize the
job attitude of hospital staff in private and public hospital in formulating enhancement
training program. It aimed to determine the difference of the job attitude of the hospital
staff in a private and public hospital located in Sariaya, Quezon and Luisiana, Laguna.

Research Locale
The study was conducted in the vicinity of Soler General Hospital in Sariaya,
Quezon and Luisiana District Hospital in Luisiana, Laguna.
Soler General Hospital is a hospital owned by a profit company or a non-profit
organization and privately funded through payment for medical services by patients
themselves, by insurers, governments through national health insurance schemes, or by
foreign embassies.
Luisiana District Hospital is a public hospital or government hospital is a hospital
which is owned by a government and receives government funding. This type of hospital
provides medical care free of charge, the cost of which is covered by the funding the
hospital receives.
However, the researchers would like to emphasize here that this research was
applicable to all private and public primary hospital staffs and not subjected to the
selected hospitals only. Also the researchers would like to say that the researchers did not
choose to do a study of the selected hospitals because the researchers perceive that the
selected hospitals had problems but because the researchers wanted to find out the job
attitudes of hospital staffs in both private and public hospitals that will aid them in
formulating enhancement training program.

Research Population and Sample

The respondents of this study were the currently working hospital staffs in Soler
General Hospital and Luisiana District Hospital. The sum population of the respondents
was 20; 10 respondents for each hospital mentioned and that 10 respondents were equally
divided from 5 male and 5 female wherein the researchers chose quota-purposive
sampling method to evaluate the respondents response on the study. Quota in a sense that
the researchers gave the questionnaires to the 20 respondents and purposive due to the
criteria that the questionnaires will only be given to the currently working hospital staffs
on the selected private and public hospitals when the researchers conducted their studies
on their respective hospitals.

Data Gathering Procedure

The research methodology of this thesis was a combination of secondary data and
primary data. Secondary data were collected from journals, articles and books using the
school library and internet. The primary data is gathered using communication with the
use of questionnaires. Questionnaires were distributed personally by the researchers. The
researchers rely more on the primary data since their research work is about peoples
attitude, intentions and behaviours towards their job. The researchers believe it will help
them know more about the job attitude of hospital staffs in both private and public
hospitals.
A formal letter addressed to the authorized hospital administrators was written by
the researchers requesting their permission to obtain their data within the respective
hospitals with the assurance that it will be kept strictly confidential and that the names
will not appear in the study.

The questionnaires instrument was presented to the adviser with comments,

suggestions, revisions and approval. The tool that was used by the researchers was
adapted to job attitude concepts.
The researchers tried as much as possible to frame their questions in order to get
answers that reflect the theories and answers their research questions. While framing the
researchers questionnaires, the researchers tried to avoid ambiguity by using easy and
simplified English. A follow up was also done during the researchers questionnaires
distribution in order to get feedback from their respondents to validate their tool. The
researchers did not include the 10 respondents in their pilot study, 5 respondents coming
in each hospital, in their actual data gathering procedure.
The data for this study was collected among the actual currently working hospital
staffs in their corresponding hospital. The researchers decided to use the hospital staffs of
both private and public hospital to avoid biases and discrepancies to the result of this
study.
A quota-purposive sample will be made. The questionnaires were distributed
among the actual hospital staffs from July 12-19, 2014 depending on the hours of the
respondents preference, Sundays-Saturdays, inside the premises of selected hospitals of
the researchers. The hospital staffs were asked to take part in a survey which became part
of the researchers thesis.

Instrumentation
A structured questionnaire was constructed to indicate the job attitude of hospital
staffs in both private and public hospital that will aid the researchers on formulating

enhancement training program. The purpose of the questionnaire was to find out hospital
staffs opinion about their job attitude.
The researchers employed 5-point Likert Scale. The questions were constructed in
such a way to answer the research questions and the questions were also constructed in
relation to job attitude of hospital staff adapted from positive job attitude concepts. The
researchers take into account these measures to formulate their questions.
Question 1 was constructed to know the demographical variables of their
respondents based on the respondents gender and age as the part one of their
questionnaire.
Question 2 was containing measures of positive job attitudes adapted from
positive jib attitude concepts.
To measure the positive job attitude of the hospital staffs, the researchers adapted
the measures from the concepts of positive job attitude and their related literature. They
used a 10-item measures with a 5-point Likert Scale ranging from 1 (seldom) to 5
(always).
Hence, the researchers used a total of 12-item questions to measure the job
attitude of hospital staffs in the selected private and public hospital.
The researchers believed that the questionnaires for the respondents would further
strengthen and answer the problem of the study as well as their observations. This tool
served as the ways of gathering data and information needed in the study and it facilitated

easy collection likewise to minimize time and effort. It contained of both subjective and
objective types of questions written in English.

Statistical Treatment
Collected data was presented and interpreted using several methods of statistical
treatment and enhanced the research study. The use of these statistical tools was effective
and efficient in understanding phenomenon. It served as the basis for interpretation of the
data collected.
This statistical computation used to determine the job attitude of private and
public hospital staffs with regards in formulating enhancement training program.
Table 1. 5-Point Likert Scale
Scale
4.50 5.00
3.50 4.49
2.40 3.49
1.50 2.49
1.00 1.49

Interpretation
Always
Usually
Frequently
Occasionally
Seldom

In problem number 1, frequency percentage was used to determine the

respondents demographic profile.
1. Percentage

In problem number 2, weighted arithmetic mean was used to determine the

perception of the respondents towards the job attitude. The scores obtained in the
weighted mean were interpreted based on the 5-point Likert scale set by the researchers.
In line to this, ranking was made to find out which measures among the job attitude
appeared to be visible to the customers.
2. Weighted Arithmetic Mean
Weighted Arithmetic Mean is computed by using following formula:
= x
n
Where:
: Stands for weighted arithmetic mean.
Summation or addition.
Indicates values of the variable
Indicates number of values of
Another statistical computation that was used by the researchers in their statement of
the problem question number 3 is the t-test to determine the difference the public and
private hospital staffs with regards on their positive attitude.
4. T-test
Separate Variance Formula:
Use the separate variance formula if:

Pooled Variance Formula:

Use the separate variance formula if